{"paper_id":"a3b9c5f3-b5df-4a8d-9d48-1b41b97b1d99","body_text":"Introduction\nA variety of non-neoplastic, tumor-like lesions occur in the ovary, some of which are listed in the World Health Organisation Classification of Female Genital Tumours, 5th edition (WHO 2020). The WHO-listed lesions are described briefly below, followed by a brief consideration of endometriosis.\nFollicle Cyst\nThese are solitary physiological cysts, lined by granulosa cells, which measure >3 cm. These are usually asymptomatic, but may present with pelvic pain due to rupture or torsion, hormonal manifestations such as isosexual pseudoprecocity, or a mass lesion. These are most common in women of reproductive age, but may occur at any age, including in neonates and children (Brandt and Helmrath 2005), as well as after the menopause. In children these may be a component of McCune–Albright syndrome (Rodriguez-Macias et al. 1999). The underlying etiology is believed to be a disturbance in pituitary hormone production with failure in ovulation causing fluid to accumulate in the...\nReferences and Further Reading\nBrandt, M. L., & Helmrath, M. A. (2005). Ovarian cysts in infants and children. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery, 14(2), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2005.01.002. PMID: 15846563.\nBurandt, E., & Young, R. H. (2014). Pregnancy luteoma: A study of 20 cases on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of its description by Dr. William H. Sternberg, with an emphasis on the common presence of follicle-like spaces and their diagnostic implications. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 38(2), 239–244. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0000000000000100. PMID: 24335664.\nCarrasco-Juan, J. L., Álvarez-Argüelles Cabrera, H., Martín Corriente, M. C., González-Gómez, M., Valladares Parrilla, R., Gutiérrez García, R., & Díaz-Flores, L. (2017). Ovarian Leydig cells (OLC): A histomorphological and immunohistochemical study. Histology and Histopathology, 32(10), 1089–1097. https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-11-876. Epub 2017 Jan 27. PMID: 28127725.\nCarvalho, L., Podgaec, S., Bellodi-Privato, M., Falcone, T., & Abrão, M. S. (2011). Role of eutopic endometrium in pelvic endometriosis. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 18(4), 419–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2011.03.009. Epub 2011 May 26. PMID: 21620779.\nChristensen, J. T., Boldsen, J. L., & Westergaard, J. G. (2002). Functional ovarian cysts in premenopausal and gynecologically healthy women. Contraception, 66(3), 153–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00353-0. PMID: 12384202.\nClement, P. B., & Scully, R. E. (1980). Large solitary luteinized follicle cyst of pregnancy and puerperium: A clinicopathological analysis of eight cases. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 4(5), 431–438. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-198010000-00003. PMID: 7435772.\nDunaif, A., Hoffman, A. R., Scully, R. E., Flier, J. S., Longcope, C., Levy, L. J., & Crowley, W. F., Jr. (1985). Clinical, biochemical, and ovarian morphologic features in women with acanthosis nigricans and masculinization. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 66(4), 545–552. PMID: 3900841.\nHallatt, J. G., Steele, C. H., Jr., & Snyder, M. (1984). Ruptured corpus luteum with hemoperitoneum: A study of 173 surgical cases. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 149(1), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(84)90282-5. PMID: 6720774.\nIrving, J. A., & McCluggage, W. G. (2007). Ovarian spindle cell lesions: A review with emphasis on recent developments and differential diagnosis. Advances in Anatomic Pathology, 14(5), 305–319. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0b013e3180ca8a5b. PMID: 17717430.\nLomme, M., Kostadinov, S., & Zhang, C. (2011). Large solitary luteinized follicle cyst of pregnancy and puerperium: Report of two cases. Diagnostic Pathology, 10(6), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1596-6-3. PMID: 21219622; PMCID: PMC3022785.\nLynn, K. N., Steinkeler, J. A., Wilkins-Haug, L. E., & Benson, C. B. (2013). Hyperreactio luteinalis (enlarged ovaries) during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy: Common clinical associations. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 32(7), 1285–1289. https://doi.org/10.7863/ultra.32.7.1285. PMID: 23804351.\nMalinowski, A. K., Sen, J., & Sermer, M. (2015). Hyperreactio Luteinalis: Maternal and fetal effects. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 37(8), 715–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1701-2163(15)30176-6. PMID: 26474228.\nMatias-Guiu, X., & Stewart, C. J. R. (2018). Endometriosis-associated ovarian neoplasia. Pathology, 50(2), 190–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2017.10.006. Epub 2017 Dec 11. PMID: 29241974.\nRodriguez-Macias, K. A., Thibaud, E., Houang, M., Duflos, C., Beldjord, C., & Rappaport, R. (1999). Follow up of precocious pseudopuberty associated with isolated ovarian follicular cysts. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 81(1), 53–56. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.81.1.53. PMID: 10373136; PMCID: PMC1717969.\nSymons, L. K., Miller, J. E., Kay, V. R., Marks, R. M., Liblik, K., Koti, M., & Tayade, C. (2018). The Immunopathophysiology of endometriosis. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 24(9), 748–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2018.07.004. Epub 2018 Jul 24. PMID: 30054239.\nTannus, J. F., Hertzberg, B. S., Haystead, C. M., & Paulson, E. K. (2009). Unilateral luteoma of pregnancy mimicking a malignant ovarian mass on magnetic resonance and ultrasound. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 29(3), 713–717. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.21530. PMID: 19243065.\nWang, Y., Nicholes, K., & Shih, I. M. (2020). The origin and pathogenesis of endometriosis. Annual Review of Pathology, 15, 71–95. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032654. Epub 2019 Sep 3. PMID: 31479615; PMCID: PMC7980953.\nWHO Classification of tumours: Female genital tumours (Vol. 4, 5th ed.). 2020. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). ISBN: 978-92-832-4504-9.\nYance, V. R. V., Marcondes, J. A. M., Rocha, M. P., Barcellos, C. R. G., Dantas, W. S., Avila, A. F. A., Baroni, R. H., Carvalho, F. M., Hayashida, S. A. Y., Mendonca, B. B., & Domenice, S. (2017). Discriminating between virilizing ovary tumors and ovary hyperthecosis in postmenopausal women: Clinical data, hormonal profiles and image studies. European Journal of Endocrinology, 177(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-17-0111. Epub 2017 Apr 21. PMID: 28432270.\nYoung, R. H., & Scully, R. E. (1984). Fibromatosis and massive edema of the ovary, possibly related entities: A report of 14 cases of fibromatosis and 11 cases of massive edema. International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 3(2), 153–178. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004347-198402000-00005. PMID: 6490313.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nEditor information\nEditors and Affiliations\nRights and permissions\nCopyright information\n© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG\nAbout this entry\nCite this entry\nSingh, N. (2022). Non-neoplastic Lesions, Pathology of the Ovary. In: van Krieken, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pathology. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_5650-1\nDownload citation\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28845-1_5650-1\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nPublisher Name: Springer, Cham\nPrint ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1\nOnline ISBN: 978-3-319-28845-1\neBook Packages: Living Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}