{"paper_id":"a0248f7d-8e30-4b37-b180-5c264008cbe5","body_text":"Regular Contribution\nThe Natural History of Spontaneously Occurred Endometriosis in Cynomolgus Monkeys by Monthly Follow-Up Laparoscopy for Two Years\nKeywords:\ncynomolgus monkey,\nendometriosis,\nlaparoscopy,\nnatural history of endometriosis,\nspontaneous endometriosis\n2020 Volume 251 Issue 4 Pages 241-253\nDetails\nAbstract\nEndometriosis, a disease in which endometrial tissue proliferates outside the uterus, is a progressive disease that affects women in reproductive age. It causes abdominal pain and infertility that severely affects the quality of life in young women. The mechanism of the onset and development of endometriosis has not been fully elucidated because of the complex mechanism involved in the disease. Nonhuman primates have been used to study the pathogenesis of spontaneous endometriosis because of their gynecological and anatomical similarities to humans. To reveal the natural history of endometriosis in cynomolgus monkeys, we selected 11 female cynomolgus monkeys with spontaneous endometriosis and performed monthly laparoscopies, mapping endometriotic lesions and adhesions up to two years. At the initial laparoscopy, endometriotic lesions were exclusively found in the vesicouterine pouch in 45.4% (5/11) of the monkeys and spread to the Douglas’ pouch over time. Appearance of small de novo lesions and disappearance of some of the small lesions were observed in 100% (11/11) and 18.2% (2/11) of the monkeys, respectively. Endometriosis developed in all monkeys, and the speed of progression varied greatly among individuals that could be attributed to the degree or frequency of retrograde menstruation and genetic factors; these findings support the similarities between humans and monkeys, thus verifying the value of this nonhuman primate model. Finding reliable quantification markers and unravelling the underlying factors in correlation with the spatiotemporal development of the disease using a nonhuman primate model would be useful for the better management of endometriosis in humans.\n© 2020 Tohoku University Medical Press\nThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons [Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International] license.\nThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0). Anyone may download, reuse, copy, reprint, or distribute the article without modifications or adaptations for non-profit purposes if they cite the original authors and source properly.\nhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\nFavorites & Alerts\nRecently viewed articles\n- About this Journal\nThe Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (TJEM) was founded in 1920 by professors of Tohoku Imperial University, Medical School. The TJEM has been published continuously, except for the year of 1946 just after the World War II. The TJEM is open to original articles in all branches of medical sciences. The TJEM also covers the fields of disaster-prevention science, including earthquake archeology. - Submitted manuscripts will be screened for\nplagiarism with Similarity Check (https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/).\nAnnouncements from publisher\n- Subscriptions\nInland subscriptions should be sent to Tohoku University Medical Press, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, JAPAN.\nSubscriptions from abroad should be addressed to MARUZEN CO., LTD., EXPORT DEPARTMENT, Postal address: P.O.Box 75, Shinagawa, Tokyo 140-8799, JAPAN.\ne-mail: export@maruzen.co.jp","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}