{"paper_id":"92ae81a0-f73b-4f8c-a24f-ad48610ff0c6","body_text":"NeuroWorm: a Long-term Implantable Soft Microfibre for Multimodal Biosensing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Physical Sciences - Article NeuroWorm: a Long-term Implantable Soft Microfibre for Multimodal Biosensing Zhiyuan Liu, Ruijie Xie, Qianhengyuan Yu, Dong Li, Xu Han, Xiaolong Xu, and 13 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3689335/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in Nature → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Long-term implantable bioelectronics can efficiently evaluate the function of the nervous system and serve as effective human-machine interfaces. Here, inspired by earthworms, we introduce NeuroWorm, a soft and stretchable fibre sensor for bio-signal monitoring. Our approach involves rolling to transform 2D bioelectronic devices into 1D NeuroWorm, resulting in a soft, multifunctional microfibre housing over 60 longitudinally-distributed electrodes for bio-electric and -mechanical monitoring. It can be implanted in muscle with tiny incision for 8-month bio-electrical monitoring in rats. Importantly, after 13-month implantation, the fibroblast encapsulation around the fibre is negligible. Moreover, it can wander inside a brain under magnetic field. This strategy not only facilitates the development of multi-channel and multi-functional soft and stretchable fibre-shaped NeuroWorm sensors but also offers a platform for unprecedently long-term minimally-invasive implantable bioelectronics. Physical sciences/Engineering/Biomedical engineering Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials for devices/Sensors and biosensors Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementaryInformation.docx Supplementary Information SupplementaryVideo1.mp4 Supplementary Video 1 SupplementaryVideo2.mp4 Supplementary Video 2 SupplementaryVideo3.mp4 Supplementary Video 3 SupplementaryVideo4.mp4 Supplementary Video 4 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in Nature → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-3689335\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Physical Sciences - Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":255940946,\"identity\":\"5b133a43-5b7a-4099-8a56-2832d726a072\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Zhiyuan 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