{"paper_id":"8e52b36a-5cdb-4c61-a6bf-a24ae6a66fc3","body_text":"Abstract\nThere is evidence that aspirin use reduces the risk of breast cancer. Increased mammographic density is known to be associated with increased breast cancer risk. Little is known about the association between mammographic density and aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, but it is possible that the association between aspirin use and breast cancer risk might be due to the effect of aspirin on mammographic density. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association between measures of mammographic density and the use, frequency, and duration of aspirin and other NSAIDs such as paracetamol (acetaminophen), arthritis medication, and other over-the-counter or doctor-prescribed pain medications in 3286 women from the Australian Mammographic Density Twins and Sisters Study and the Genes Behind Endometriosis Study. We found no association between either dense area or percent dense area with any of the NSAIDs examined (all P > 0.06). If aspirin is reducing the breast cancer risk in women, it is likely doing so via a different pathway other than mammographic density measures that predict breast cancer risk.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nMangiapane S, Blettner M, Schlattmann P (2008) Aspirin use and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of observational studies from 2001 to 2005. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 17(2):115–124\nTakkouche B, Regueira-Mendez C, Etminan M (2008) Breast cancer and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 100(20):1439–1447\nZhao YS, Zhu S, Li XW, Wang F, Hu FL, Li DD, Zhang WC, Li X (2009) Association between NSAIDs use and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 117(1):141–150\nAgrawal A, Fentiman IS (2008) NSAIDs and breast cancer: a possible prevention and treatment strategy. Int J Clin Pract 62(3):444–449\nHarris RE, Namboodiri KK, Farrar WB (1996) Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and breast cancer. Epidemiology 7(2):203–205\nMcCormack VA, dos Santos Silva I (2006) Breast density and parenchymal patterns as markers of breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15(6):1159–1169\nBoyd N, Martin L, Chavez S, Gunasekara A, Salleh A, Melnichouk O, Yaffe M, Friedenreich C, Minkin S, Bronskill M (2009) Breast-tissue composition and other risk factors for breast cancer in young women: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Oncol. 10(6):569–580\nBrisson J, Brisson B, Cote G, Maunsell E, Berube S, Robert J (2000) Tamoxifen and mammographic breast densities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9(9):911–915\nChow CK, Venzon D, Jones EC, Premkumar A, O’Shaughnessy J, Zujewski J (2000) Effect of tamoxifen on mammographic density. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9(9):917–921\nCuzick J, Warwick J, Pinney E, Warren RM, Duffy SW (2004) Tamoxifen and breast density in women at increased risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 96(8):621–628\nGreendale GA, Reboussin BA, Slone S, Wasilauskas C, Pike MC, Ursin G (2003) Postmenopausal hormone therapy and change in mammographic density. J Natl Cancer Inst 95(1):30–37\nBoyd NF, Dite GS, Stone J, Gunasekara A, English DR, McCredie MR, Giles GG, Tritchler D, Chiarelli A, Yaffe MJ, Hopper JL (2002) Heritability of mammographic density, a risk factor for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 347(12):886–894\nOdefrey F, Stone J, Gurrin LC, Byrnes GB, Apicella C, Dite G, Cawson J, Giles GG, Treloar SA, English DR, Hopper JL, Southey MC (2010) Common genetic variants associated with breast cancer and mammographic density measures that predict disease. Cancer Res 70(4):1449–1458\nTreloar S, Hadfield R, Montgomery G, Lambert A, Wicks J, Barlow DH, O’Connor DT, Kennedy S (2002) The International Endogene Study: a collection of families for genetic research in endometriosis. Fertil Steril 78(4):679–685\nMaskarinec G, Urano Y, Gill J, Kolonel LN (2008) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and mammographic density. Breast Cancer Res Treat 112(1):133–139\nMcTiernan A, Wang CY, Sorensen B, Xiao L, Buist DS, Aiello Bowles EJ, White E, Rossing MA, Potter J, Urban N (2009) No effect of aspirin on mammographic density in a randomized controlled clinical trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18(5):1524–1530\nTerry MB, Buist DS, Trentham-Dietz A, James-Todd TM, Liao Y (2008) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and change in mammographic density: a cohort study using pharmacy records on over 29,000 postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17(5):1088–1095\nTeter B, Fuhrman B, Barba M, Muti P (2006) Aspirin use and mammographic density as a marker of breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, in AACR Meeting Abstracts\nBoyd N, Martin L, Stone J, Little L, Minkin S, Yaffe M (2002) A longitudinal study of the effects of menopause on mammographic features. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11(10 Pt 1):1048–1053\nConflict of interest\nNone.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nAppendix\nAppendix\nExamples of aspirin use provided to participants were aspro, disprin, cardiprin, cartia and solprin. Examples of paracetamol were panadol, panamax, panadiene, codral, panadiene forte, mersyndol, dymadon, sinutab, codalgin, di-gesic, panalgesic, paralgin, and tylenol. Examples of over-the-counter ani-inflammatories were nurofen, ibuprofen, voltaren rapid, aclin, actiprofen, anaprox, athrexin, arthrotec, brufen, clinoril, diclofenac, dolobid, feldene, fenac, indocid, naprogesic, naprosyn, orudis, pirohexal, prioxicam, ponstan, proxen, rafen, and rosig. Examples of doctor-prescribed anti-inflammatories were voltaren, brufen, indocid, naprosyn, fenac, feldens, orudis, and oruvail. Examples of arthritis anti-inflammatory medicines were celebrex, mobic, and vioxx.\nRights and permissions\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nStone, J., Willenberg, L., Apicella, C. et al. The association between mammographic density measures and aspirin or other NSAID use. Breast Cancer Res Treat 132, 259–266 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-011-1834-2\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-011-1834-2","source_license":"public-domain-us","license_restricted":false}