{"paper_id":"897301e4-1212-4ef4-a1f3-c2a53ba0f2d1","body_text":"Cytokine production in women with different stages of endometriosis\n- Authors: Grigoryants A.A.1, Krukier I.I.2, Avrutskaya V.V.2, Levkovich M.А.2, Sarkisyan O.G.2, Reshetnikova E.A.2\n-\nAffiliations:\n- Stavropol State Medical University\n- Rostov State Medical University\n- Issue: Vol 75, No 1 (2026)\n- Pages: 25-31\n- Section: Original study articles\n- Submitted: 23.12.2024\n- Accepted: 03.12.2025\n- Published: 26.02.2026\n- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/jowd/article/view/643328\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/JOWD643328\n- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/EPIBFH\n- ID: 643328\nCite item\nAbstract\nBACKGROUND: Endometriosis is the third most common gynecological disease. The disruption of the cellular and cytokine-mediated mechanisms underlying the course of this pathology remains poorly understood.\nAIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate blood serum and peritoneal fluid cytokine levels at various stages of endometriosis in women of reproductive age.\nMETHODS: This case-control study included patients aged 17–25 years who were diagnosed with endometriosis stages I–II (Group I) and stages III–IV (Group II). The comparison group included apparently healthy women. Blood serum and peritoneal fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, and interleukins IL-13 and IL-23 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using reagents manufactured in the USA.\nRESULTS: The study included 77 women. Group I consisted of 22 patients, and Group II of 25 patients. The comparison group comprised 30 apparently healthy women. The most significant changes in the blood serum of patients in Group I were observed in IL-23 level, which was increased by 2.65 times compared to the comparison group. In patients in Group II with endometriosis stages III–IV, the most significant changes in the peritoneal fluid were observed in tumor necrosis factor-alpha level, which was increased by 3.2 times compared to the comparison group. In contrast, IL-13 level dropped sharply in both peritoneal fluid and blood serum (on average, by 63% compared to the comparison group).\nCONCLUSION: The identified general patterns and characteristics of regulatory responses in endometriosis expand our understanding of the mechanisms of disease development and treatment prospects.\nFull Text\nAbout the authors\nArmen A. Grigoryants\nStavropol State Medical University\nAuthor for correspondence.\nEmail: mr.vanhelsink@mail.ru\nORCID iD: 0000-0002-9333-2578\nSPIN-code: 6945-4464\nMD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor\nRussian Federation, StavropolIrina I. Krukier\nRostov State Medical University\nEmail: biochem@rniiap.ru\nORCID iD: 0000-0003-4570-6405\nSPIN-code: 4975-1350\nDr. Sci. (Biology)\nRussian Federation, Rostov-on-DonValeria V. Avrutskaya\nRostov State Medical University\nEmail: v.avrutskaya@rniiap.ru\nORCID iD: 0000-0001-6399-5007\nSPIN-code: 9495-9702\nMD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor\nRostov-on-DonMarina А. Levkovich\nRostov State Medical University\nEmail: xlma@mail.ru\nORCID iD: 0000-0001-8047-7148\nSPIN-code: 2964-0480\nMD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor\nRussian Federation, Rostov-on-DonOleg G. Sarkisyan\nRostov State Medical University\nEmail: vergiliusMerlin@yandex.ru\nORCID iD: 0000-0001-5293-986X\nSPIN-code: 9938-5822\nMD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor\nRussian Federation, Rostov-on-DonEleonora A. Reshetnikova\nRostov State Medical University\nEmail: biochem@rniiap.ru\nORCID iD: 0009-0008-7422-0221\nSPIN-code: 2646-6673\nCand. Sci. 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