{"paper_id":"711a1b38-0d7e-4cfb-a429-6295afb30726","body_text":"SUBFERTILE WOMEN;\nFREQUENCY OF FACTORS LEADING TO TUBAL BLOCKAGE EVALUATED BY LAPAROSCOPY.\nDOI:\nhttps://doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2017.24.04.1453Keywords:\nsubfertility,, Laparoscopy,, Tubal blockage,, Hysterosaplingography.Abstract\nObjectives: To determine the frequency of factors leading to tubal blockage\nin subfertile women evaluated by laparoscopy. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Period:\nSix months from 1 February 2015 to 31 July 2015. Setting: Department of Obstetrics &\nGynaecology of Nishter Hospital Multan. Methods: Two hundred and eighty (280) married\nprimary subfertile females presenting with primary and secondary subfertility of age more than\n20 and less than 40 years were included. Laparoscopy was done in every patient. Data was\nanalyzed by SPSS 19. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate mean+SD for continuous\nvariables. Frequencies and percentages was calculated for qualitative variables. P value < 0.05\nwas consider significant. Results: Mean age of the patients was 30.52±5.72 years. Out of 280\npatients, 175 (62.5%) were Nulliparous, 77 (27.5%) were of parity status 1 and 28 (10%) were\nof parity status 2. Intraoperative findings of laparoscopy revealed tubal blockage in 51 (18.2%)\nwomen. The most common cause of tubal blockage was Neisseria Gonorrhea diagnosed in 17\n(33.4%) patients, Pelvic Inflammatory disease was diagnosed in 14 (27.4%) patients, Chlamydia\nTrachomatis in 17 (21.6%) patients and Endometriosis in 9 (17.6%) patients. Conclusion: The\nincidence of tubal blockage in sub fertile women is 18.2%. Neisseria Gonorrhea infection, Pelvic\nInflammatory disease, Chlamydia trachomatis infection and endometriosis are common factors\nresponsible for tubal blockage.","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}