{"paper_id":"6e442bea-6bc5-4580-9fcd-9e2fc0f441cd","body_text":"Abstract\nInfertility is commonly associated with endometriosis. Epidemiological studies suggest that the monthly probability of conception is about 2–5-fold lower in women with endometriosis than in normal couples. Considering infertile women, endometriosis has been diagnosed in about 25% of them, but marked differences are observed in this estimate among studies. It is a common thought that pelvic anatomy distortion can explain infertility in patients with severe forms of endometriosis. This mechanism is supported by the observation that infertility is associated with the value of the “Endometriosis fertility index” that takes into account, with the American Society Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) score, the functional status of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and fimbriae and some clinical characteristics such as woman’s age, duration of infertility, and previous pregnancies. A further factors associated with infertility in women with endometriosis is the presence of adenomyosis. In conclusion, not all women with endometriosis had infertility: about 25% of women with clinically evident endometriosis will experience infertility during their life, and conversely about 25% of infertile women will be diagnosed with endometriosis.\nAccess this chapter\nTax calculation will be finalised at checkout\nPurchases are for personal use only\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nCarvalho LF, Rossener R, Azeem A, Malvezzi H, Simões Abrão M, Agarwal A. From conception to birth—how endometriosis affects the development of each stage of reproductive life. Minerva Gynecol. 2013;65(2):181–98.\nBalasch J, Creus M, Fabregues F, Carmona F, Ordi J, Martinez-Roman S, et al. Visible and non-visible endometriosis at laparoscopy in fertile and infertile women and in patients with chronic pelvic pain: a prospective study. Hum Reprod. 1996;11:387–91.\nFarquhar CM. Extracts from the \"clinical evidence\". Endometriosis. BMJ. 2000;320:1449–52.\nGuzick DS, Silliman NP, Admson GD, Buttram VC Jr, Canis M, Malinak LR, et al. Prediction of pregnancy in infertile women based on the American Society for Reproductive Medicine’s revised classification of endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 1997;67:822–9.\nChandra A, Mosher WD. The demography of infertility and the use of medical care for infertility. 1994;5(2):283–96.\nHughes EG, Fedorkow DM, Cllins JA. A quantitative overview of controlled trials in endometriosis-associated infertility. Fertil Steril. 1993;59:963–70.\nSchwartz D, Mayaux MJ. Female fecundity as a function of age: results of artificial insemination in 2193 nulliparous women with azoospermic husbands. CECOS. N Engl J Med. 1982;306(7):404–6.\nCollins JA, Burrows EA, Wilan AR. The prognosis for live birth among untreated infertile couples. Fertil Steril. 1995;64(1):22–8.\nMissmer SA, Hankinson SE, Spiegelman D, Barbieri RL, Marshall LM, Hunter DJ. Incidence of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis by demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:784–96.\nPrescott J, Farland LV, Tobias DK, et al. A prospective cohort study of endometriosis and subsequent risk of infertility. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(7):1475–82.\nSingh S, Soliman AM, Rahal Y, Robert C, Defoy I, Nisbet P, Leyland N. Prevalence, symptomatic burden, and diagnosis of endometriosis in Canada: cross-sectional survey of 30 000 women. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2020;42(7):829–38.\nParazzini F, Roncella E, Cipriani S, Trojano G, Barbera V, Herranz B, Colli E. The frequency of endometriosis in the general and selected populations: A systematic review. J Endometr Pelvic Pain Disord. 2020;12:176–89. 1–14\nBablok L, Dziadecki W, Szymusik I, et al. Patterns of infertility in Poland—multicenter study. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2011;32(6):799–804.\nCamilleri L, Schembri A, Inglott AS. Prevalence, characteristics, and management of endometriosis in an infertile Maltese population. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011;115(3):293–4.\nCorson SL, Cheng A, Gutmann JN. Laparoscopy in the ‘normal’ infertile patient: a question revisited. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 2000;7(3):317–24.\nKhawaja UB, Khawaja AA, Gowani SA, et al. Frequency of endometriosis among infertile women and association of clinical signs and symptoms with the laparoscopic staging of endometriosis. J Pak Med Assoc. 2009;59(1):30–4.\nJabeen SS, Khan B, Yaqoob S. Frequency of common infertility causes in female patients attending a military based hospital Pakistan. J Med Health Sci. 2018;12(4):1514–5.\nJangsher S, Saleem B, Fayyaz S. Frequency of female primary subfertility factors on diagnostic laparoscopy Pakistan. J Med Health Sci. 2016;10(3):787–9.\nYamamoto A, Johnstone EB, Bloom MS, et al. A higher prevalence of endometriosis among Asian women does not contribute to poorer IVF outcomes. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2017;34(6):765–74.\nMatorras R, Rodriguez F, Pijoan JI, et al. Women who are not exposed to spermatozoa and infertile women have similar rates of stage I endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2001;76:923–8.\nMeuleman C, Vandenabeele B, Fieuws S, et al. High prevalence of endometriosis in infertile women with normal ovulation and normospermic partners. Fertil Steril. 2009;92(1):68–74.\nMirowska-Allen KL, Sewell M, Mooney S, et al. The characteristics of women recommended a laparoscopy for chronic pelvic pain at a tertiary institution. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;59(1):123–33.\nMishra VV, Bandwal P, Agarwal R, et al. Prevalence, clinical and laparoscopic features of endometriosis among infertile women. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2017;67(3):208–12.\nReid R, Steel A, Wardle J, et al. The prevalence of selfreported diagnosed endometriosis in the Australian population: results from a nationally-representative survey. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):88.\nSinha AK, Agarwal A, Lakhey M, et al. Incidence of pelvic and extrapelvic endometriosis in Eastern region of Nepal. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2003;46(1):20–3.\nSule JO, Erigbali P, Eruom L. Prevalence of infertility in women in a Southwestern Nigerian Community. Afr J Biomed Res. 2008;11(2):225–7.\nChapron C, Fritel X, Dubuisson JB. Fertility after laparoscopic management of deep endometriosis infiltrating the uterosacral ligaments. Hum Reprod. 1999;14(2):329–32.\nMacer ML, Taylor HS. Endometriosis and infertility: a review of the pathogenesis and treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2012;39:535–49.\nSeyhan A, Ata B, Uncu G. The impact of endometriosis and its treatment on ovarian reserve. Semin Reprod Med. 2015;33:422–8.\nAdamson GD, Pasta DJ. Endometriosis fertility index: the new, validated endometriosis staging system. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(5):1609–15.\nGarcia-Fernandez J, García-Velasco JA. Endometriosis and reproduction: what we have learned. Yale J Biol Med. 2020;93(4):571–7.\nAgarwal A, Aponte-Mellado A, Premkumar BJ, Shaman A, Gupta S. The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2012;10:49.\nGupta S, Goldberg JM, Aziz N, Goldberg E, Krajcir N, Agarwal A. Pathogenic mechanisms in endometriosis-associated infertility. Fertil Steril. 2008;90:247–57.\nHayashi S, Nakamura T, Motooka Y, Ito F, Jiang L, Akatsuka S, Iwase A, Kajiyama H, Kikkawa F, Toyokuni S. Novel ovarian endometriosis model causes infertility via iron-mediated oxidative stress in mice. Redox Biol. 2020;37:101726.\nDecter D, Arbib N, Markovitz H, Seidman DS, Eisenberg VH. Sonographic signs of adenomyosis in women with endometriosis are associated with infertility. J Clin Med. 2021;10(11):2355.\nParazzini F, Esposito G, Tozzi L, Noli S, Bianchi S. Epidemiology of endometriosis and its comorbidities. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2017;209:3–7.\nCandiani GB, Danesino V, Gastaldi A, Parazzini F, Ferraroni M. Reproductive and menstrual factors and risk of peritoneal and ovarian endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 1991;56(2):230–4.\nParazzini F, Ferraroni M, Fedele L, Bocciolone L, Rubessa S, Riccardi A. Pelvic endometriosis: reproductive and menstrual risk factors at different stages in Lombardy, northern Italy. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1995;49(1):61–4.\nParazzini F, Di Cintio E, Chatenoud L, Moroni S, Mezzanotte C, Crosignani PG. Oral contraceptive use and risk of endometriosis. Italian Endometriosis Study Group. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1999;106(7):695–9.\nCalhaz-Jorge C, Mol BW, Nunes J, Costa AP. Clinical predictive factors for endometriosis in a Portuguese infertile population. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:2126–31.\nMissmer SA, Tu FF, Agarwal SK, et al. Impact of endometriosis on life-course potential: a narrative review. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:9–25.\nMisajon R. Examining subjective wellbeing and health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis. Health Care Women Int. 2018;39:303–21.\nHudson N, Culley L, Law C, Mitchell H, Denny E, Raine- FN. ‘We needed to change the mission statement of the marriage’: biographical disruptions, appraisals and revisions among couples living with endometriosis. Sociol Health Illn. 2016;38(5):721–35.\nSomigliana E, Viganò P, Filippi F, Papaleo E, Benaglia L, Candiani M, Vercellini P. Fertility preservation in women with endometriosis: for all, for some, for none? Hum Reprod. 2015;30(6):1280–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dev078. Epub 2015 Apr 16. PMID: 25883035\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nEditor information\nEditors and Affiliations\nRights and permissions\nCopyright information\n© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG\nAbout this chapter\nCite this chapter\nBerlanda, N., Chiaffarino, F., Roncella, E., Esposito, G., Parazzini, F. (2024). The Epidemiology of Infertility in Women with Endometriosis. In: Ferrero, S. (eds) Endometriosis-related Infertility. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50662-8_1\nDownload citation\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50662-8_1\nPublished:\nPublisher Name: Springer, Cham\nPrint ISBN: 978-3-031-50661-1\nOnline ISBN: 978-3-031-50662-8\neBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}