{"paper_id":"6a775ecd-6268-4c0a-8923-0dc64dd6fe79","body_text":"Abstract\nEndometriosis is described as an estrogen-associated, chronic, inflammatory disorder characterized by ectopic endometrial glands and stroma. Ovarian endometriosis, or endometrioma, presents as cystic lesions lined by endometrial tissue, with associated fibrosis and inflammation. Although the roles of immune and inflammatory markers in endometriosis have been investigated, the relationship between trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) and CD163 expression in ovarian endometriosis remains unexplored. This study is intended to evaluate immunohistochemical expression degrees of TROP2 and CD163 in ovarian endometriosis compared to normal ovarian tissue. Ovarian tissues from 26 patients with histologically confirmed endometriosis and 26 control subjects were analyzed retrospectively using immunohistochemistry. Semi-quantitative evaluation was performed via H-score analysis. Results showed significantly higher expression of both CD163 and TROP2 in ovarian endometriosis tissues compared to controls. A moderate, positive correlation was observed between CD163 and TROP2 expression. The findings demonstrate, for the first time, increased TROP2 expression in ovarian endometriosis, suggesting a potential role in the disease’s pathophysiology. Additionally, elevated CD163 expression indicates enhanced M2 (alternatively activated) macrophage infiltration, reflecting the inflammatory microenvironment of endometriotic tissue. These results may contribute to understanding the immunopathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis and establish a framework for further research into diagnostic or therapeutic applications targeting TROP2 and CD163.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nData availability\nNo datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.\nAbbreviations\n- CD:\n-\nCluster of Differentiation\n- TROP2:\n-\nTrophoblast Cell Surface Antigen 2\n- IL:\n-\nInterleukin\n- M-CSF:\n-\nMacrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor\n- LPS:\n-\nLipopolysaccharide\n- TNF-α:\n-\nTumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha\n- IFN-γ:\n-\nInterferon-Gamma\n- GM-CSF:\n-\nGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor\n- H + BSO:\n-\nHysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy\n- HRP:\n-\nHorseradish Peroxidase\n- DAB:\n-\n3,3 Diaminobenzidine\n- SG:\n-\nSacituzumab Govitecan\n- FDA:\n-\nFood and Drug Administration\n- GA733-1:\n-\nGastrointestinal Antigen 733-1\n- EGP-1:\n-\nEpithelial Glycoprotein-1\n- M1S1:\n-\nMembrane Component Chromosome 1 Surface Marker 1\n- TAC-STD2:\n-\nTumor Associated Calcium Signal Transducer 2\n- SCARI1:\n-\nScavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich Type 1 Protein\nReferences\nAkashi K, Nagashima Y, Tabata T, Oda H (2021) Immunochemical analysis of iron transporters and M2 macrophages in ovarian endometrioma and clear cell adenocarcinoma. 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Cancer Med 6(5):994–1001. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.1041\nFunding\nThe authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nContributions\nPlanning and conducting the study, data collection, immunohistochemical analysis, light microscopic evaluation was performed by [H.A.], data collection, histochemical analysis, data interpretation was performed by [B.B.], statistical analysis, conducting the study, light microscopic evaluation was performed by [D.C.], planning the study, data interpretation was performed by [O.I.C.], planning the study, light microscopic evaluation, interpretation of the results of all data was performed by [H.E.]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\nCorresponding author\nEthics declarations\nConflict of interest\nThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\nEthical approval\nEthical approval was obtained from the Mugla Sitki Kocman University Medical Sciences Ethics Committee (Decision No: 62, Date: 03.06.2024). An ethical approval certificate has been submitted as an attachment.\nConsent to participate\nSince this is a retrospective study, no participant consent form is required. Consent to Participate, and Consent to Publish declarations: not applicable.\nConsent to publish\nSince this is a retrospective study, no publication consent form is required. 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J Mol Histol 56, 271 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-025-10569-2\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nVersion of record:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-025-10569-2","source_license":"public-domain-us","license_restricted":false}