{"paper_id":"655293e7-9575-42b3-8a27-4bd21716266c","body_text":"Abstract\nA unicornuate uterus occurs in 1 in 1000 to 1 in 5400 women, 74–90 % of those women have an associated rudimentary uterine horn. Such horns may or may not communicate with the unicornuate uterus; and may or may not have functional endometrium. Other entities such as a bicornuate uteri with adenomyosis, septate uteri with an obstructed horn, cavitary accessory uterine masses, or leiomyomas may be confused with a noncommunicating rudimentary uterine horn. Most patients present in the post-menarchal period with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, or dyspareunia. They may or may not have an associated pelvic mass. MRI is currently the gold standard for diagnostic imaging; however, 3D ultrasound is also a valuable diagnostic tool. The treatment for noncommunicating rudimentary uterine horns is resection—with the goals of treatment being resolution of pain symptoms and the optimization of fertility. Minimally invasive surgical techniques are typically utilized to resect the horn. Patients with noncommunicating uterine horns that contain functional endometrium are at an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, hematosalpinx, endometriosis, and endometriomas secondary to retrograde menstruation. They are also at an increased risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. There is limited data on the future fertility in patients who have undergone excision of the rudimentary horn.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nHeinonen P. Unicornuate uterus and rudimentary horn. Fertil Steril. 1997;68:224–30.\nNaham GG. Uterine anomalies: how common are they, and what is there distribution among subtypes? J Reprod Med. 1998;43:877–87.\nJayasinghe Y, Rane A, Stalewski H, et al. The presentation and early diagnosis of the rudimentary uterine horn. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:1456–67.\nNahum G. Rudimentary horn pregnancy: case report on surviving twins delivered 8 days apart. 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Noncommunicating Rudimentary Uterine Horns. In: Pfeifer, S. (eds) Congenital Müllerian Anomalies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27231-3_11\nDownload citation\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27231-3_11\nPublished:\nPublisher Name: Springer, Cham\nPrint ISBN: 978-3-319-27229-0\nOnline ISBN: 978-3-319-27231-3\neBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}