{"paper_id":"64ded007-effd-41d9-9d6d-efb070275380","body_text":"Enhancing electrical properties by in-situ controlled nanocrystallization of V2O5 -TeO2 glass | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Enhancing electrical properties by in-situ controlled nanocrystallization of V2O5 -TeO2 glass Piotr Okoczuk, Agnieszka Kwiatkowska, Leon Murawski, Tomasz Pietrzak, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3868162/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Vanadium oxide-containing materials became an interest in the energy industry, therefore, understanding the conductivity enhancement of vanadium oxide glass under annealing became crucial to further developing new, superior materials. V 2 O 5 -TeO 2 glass-ceramics (VTGC) were prepared by controlled annealing of the V 2 O 5 -TeO 2 glass (VTG), which serves as an illustration of a parent glass matrix with a single charge carrier. The annealing proceeded at six temperatures selected between the glass transition and the maximum of the first crystallization process to obtain various nanocrystallite sizes. Heat treatment caused an increase in DC conductivity by 2.5–3.5 (250°C-285°C) order of magnitude. Using thermal analysis, the crystal growth process was determined to be 1D. Structural studies show that the obtained materials are partially amorphous and polycrystalline with nanometer-sized crystallites. Subtle thread-like structures were observed using conductive AFM. The activation energy of the conduction process decreased from 0.38 eV in VTG to 0.18 − 0.11 eV (250°C-285°C) in VTGC. The radii of crystallites were calculated based on the theoretical model of electron hopping between connected semiconducting nanocrystallites and vary between 1.7 nm and 2.8 nm (250°C-285°C). Thermoelectric studies indicate constant carrier concentration. Features characteristic of small polaron hopping-governed materials were observed. We suggest V 3 O 7 nano-crystals as conductive media in VTGC. Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials for devices Physical sciences/Materials science/Materials for energy and catalysis Physical sciences/Materials science/Nanoscale materials Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Physics/Condensed matter physics/Semiconductors Physical sciences/Physics/Condensed matter physics/Surfaces interfaces and thin films Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology/Nanoscale materials Physical sciences/Physics/Techniques and instrumentation/Microscopy/Atomic force microscopy Physical sciences/Physics/Techniques and instrumentation/Microscopy/Confocal microscopy Physical sciences/Physics/Techniques and instrumentation/Spectroscopy/Infrared spectroscopy Physical sciences/Physics/Techniques and instrumentation/Characterization and analytical techniques Physical sciences/Physics/Techniques and instrumentation/Design synthesis and processing Physical sciences/Physics/Techniques and instrumentation/Microscopy Physical sciences/Physics/Techniques and instrumentation/Spectroscopy Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementaryinformation.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-3868162\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":267681052,\"identity\":\"793163b8-d428-4716-a4db-f8b5d90eb0f0\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Piotr Okoczuk\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZghlACIYGyrAQg2EtDA2ILScgVCE7EHS0thGhBZzdubjjysYbIz52Y8/k5w5zyaPQboRvxbLZrbExjMMaWaSPQlpkhu3pRUzyBzEr8XgMI8h0NTDNgY3GI5JPtx2OLFBIpFoLYxtkg/nkKDFzOAGM5vkxgYitID8MrPBIM1YsieN2XLGsbRiNkJ+Mec/fOBjQ4WNYT/78Yc3e2ps8vilmw/gdxgSCQYJbBJ4NaAohmphIKRlFIyCUTAKRhwAAKCvRGQDU+1DAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Gdańsk University of Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Piotr\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Okoczuk\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":267681053,\"identity\":\"5adb0ea1-364a-49ea-a7ea-632eb2a10a98\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Agnieszka Kwiatkowska\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Gdańsk University of Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Agnieszka\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Kwiatkowska\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":267681054,\"identity\":\"723145e7-8d1a-4e69-be06-9d849a7442f2\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Leon Murawski\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Gdańsk University of Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Leon\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Murawski\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":267681055,\"identity\":\"8c490185-73c0-4bc9-baa4-7ed630dee8a6\",\"order_by\":3,\"name\":\"Tomasz Pietrzak\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Warsaw University of Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Tomasz\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Pietrzak\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":267681056,\"identity\":\"9f436c6f-fc38-4462-a2b6-c31bb9c73050\",\"order_by\":4,\"name\":\"Natalia A. 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V\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003eO\\u003csub\\u003e5\\u003c/sub\\u003e-TeO\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003e glass-ceramics (VTGC) were prepared by controlled annealing of the V\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003eO\\u003csub\\u003e5\\u003c/sub\\u003e-TeO\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003e glass (VTG), which serves as an illustration of a parent glass matrix with a single charge carrier. The annealing proceeded at six temperatures selected between the glass transition and the maximum of the first crystallization process to obtain various nanocrystallite sizes. Heat treatment caused an increase in DC conductivity by 2.5\\u0026ndash;3.5 (250\\u0026deg;C-285\\u0026deg;C) order of magnitude. Using thermal analysis, the crystal growth process was determined to be 1D. Structural studies show that the obtained materials are partially amorphous and polycrystalline with nanometer-sized crystallites. Subtle thread-like structures were observed using conductive AFM. The activation energy of the conduction process decreased from 0.38 eV in VTG to 0.18\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;0.11 eV (250\\u0026deg;C-285\\u0026deg;C) in VTGC. The radii of crystallites were calculated based on the theoretical model of electron hopping between connected semiconducting nanocrystallites and vary between 1.7 nm and 2.8 nm (250\\u0026deg;C-285\\u0026deg;C). Thermoelectric studies indicate constant carrier concentration. Features characteristic of small polaron hopping-governed materials were observed. 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