{"paper_id":"617da918-d60b-4619-9883-a284693b83d2","body_text":"Abstract\nPurpose\nEctopic pregnancy (EP) presents a major health problem for women of child-bearing age. EP refers to the pregnancy occurring outside the uterine cavity that constitutes 1.2–1.4 % of all reported pregnancies. All identified risk factors are maternal: pelvic inflammatory disease, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, smoking, tubal surgery, induced conception cycle, and endometriosis. These developments have provided the atmosphere for trials using methotrexate as a non-surgical treatment for EP. The diagnosis measure of EP is serum human chorionic gonadotropin, urinary hCGRP/i-hCG, progesterone measurement, transvaginal ultrasound scan, computed tomography, vascular endothelial growth factor, CK, disintegrin and metalloprotease-12 and hysterosalpingography. The treatment option of EP involves surgical treatment by laparotomy or laparoscopy, medical treatment is usually systemic or through local route, or by expectant treatment.\nResults\nIt was concluded that review data reflect a decrease in surgical treatment and not an actual decline in EP occurrence so that further new avenues are needed to explore early detection of the EP.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nAbbreviations\n- EP:\n-\nEctopic pregnancy\n- CEP:\n-\nCervical ectopic pregnancy\n- OEP:\n-\nOvarian ectopic pregnancy\n- CSEP:\n-\nCesarean scar ectopic pregnancy\n- IP:\n-\nInterstitial pregnancy\n- PID:\n-\nPelvic inflammatory disease\n- PROKR:\n-\nProkineticin receptor\n- IVF:\n-\nIn vitro fertilization\n- ART:\n-\nAssisted reproductive technology\n- β-hCG:\n-\nSerum human chorionic gonadotropin\n- TVS:\n-\nTransvaginal ultrasound scan\n- CT:\n-\nComputed tomography\n- VEGF:\n-\nVascular endothelial growth factor\n- ADAM-12:\n-\nDisintegrin and metalloprotease-12\n- Hsg:\n-\nHysterosalpingography\n- MTX:\n-\nMethotrexate\n- PPV:\n-\nPositive predictive value\nReferences\nKirk E, Bourne T (2011) Ectopic pregnancy. 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