{"paper_id":"5e9043ce-4753-458d-bdae-07ad0d43133b","body_text":"Abstract\nIn pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) there is a process of tissue destruction and scarring that, in the absence of aggressive treatment, may lead to irrevocable changes in fallopian tubal morphology. The implications for subsequent fertility have been recognized since the last century. Women with untreated or inadequately treated pelvic infections due to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are less fertile.1 With the use of follow-up studies, three major sequelae of symptomatic PID have been identified: tubal factor infertility (TFI), ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain.2–4 Results from seroepidemiological studies have associated similar sequelae with “silent” or unrecognized PID.5 Animal models of PID pathogenesis have also provided some additional data on the development of sequelae. The considerable physical and economic cost ($1 billion in the United States in 1990) associated with these sequelae further justifies greater efforts to develop intervention strategies to prevent PID.6\nPreview\nUnable to display preview. Download preview PDF.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nNoeggerath E. Latent gonorrhea, especially with regard to its influence on fertility in women. Transactions of the American Gynecologic Society 1877; 1:268–293.\nMardh P-A. Pelvic inflammatory disease and related disorders; novel observations. Scand J Obstet Gynecol 1990;69(suppl):83–87.\nWeström L, Wølner-Hanssen P. Pathogenesis of pelvic inflammatory disease. Genitourin Med 1993;69:9–17.\nMcCormack WM. Pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1994;330(2): 115–119.\nWølner-Hanssen P, Kiviat NK, Holmes KK. Atypical pelvic inflammatory disease: Subacute, chronic or subclinical upper genital tract infection in women, in Holmes KK, Mardh P-A, Sparling PF, Wiesner PJ. 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Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0671-2_11\nDownload citation\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0671-2_11\nPublisher Name: Springer, New York, NY\nPrint ISBN: 978-1-4612-6863-5\nOnline ISBN: 978-1-4612-0671-2\neBook Packages: Springer Book Archive\nKeywords\n- Ectopic Pregnancy\n- Chlamydia Trachomatis\n- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease\n- Chronic Pelvic Pain\n- Neisseria Gonorrhoeae\nThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}