{"paper_id":"5af276c0-16fd-4584-8faf-6a94b70e69ce","body_text":"Prevalence Ratio of Body Mass Index and Age at Menarche with Endometriosis Among Gynecology Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study\nDOI:\nhttps://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v17i2.5926Keywords:\nBody Mass Index, Menarche, WomanAbstract\nEndometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, often accompanied by chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Age at menarche and body mass index (BMI) have been proposed as factors associated with endometriosis, yet earlier findings remain inconsistent. This study examined the association between age at menarche, BMI, and he presence of endometriosis. This observational analytic study used secondary data from medical records of gynecology patients at Fatmawati Central General Hospital, Jakarta. Sixty-nine records that met the eligibility criteria were included consecutively. Endometriosis status served as the outcome, while age at menarche and BMI were the independent variables. Data were summarized descriptively and analyzed with the chi-square test; associations were expressed as prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p < 0.05 was considered statistically. Most participants were older than 40 years (62.3%), had menarche after 13 years (63.8%), and had an abnormal BMI (62.3%); endometriosis was documented in 43.5% of the records. Results found no significant association was observed between age at menarche and endometriosis (p = 0.947; PR = 0.947; 95% CI: 0.640-1.519). Abnormal BMI, by contrast, was significantly associated with endometriosis (p = 0.031; PR = 1.571; 95% CI: 1.057-2.336), with a prevalence 1.57 times higher than among women with normal BMI. In this hospital-based sample, abnormal BMI was associated with a higher prevalence of endometriosis, but because this was a cross-sectional design, age at menarche was not given and causal interpretation is not warranted.\nReferences\nAllaire, C., Bedaiwy, M. A., & Yong, P. J. (2023). Diagnosis and management of endometriosis. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 195(10), E363-E371. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.220637\nBecker, C. M., Bokor, A., Heikinheimo, O., Horne, A., Jansen, F., Kiesel, L., King, K., ... Yazbeck, C. (2022). ESHRE guideline: Endometriosis. Human Reproduction Open, 2022(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/hropen/hoac009\nChen, S., Liu, Y., Zhong, Z., Wei, C., Liu, Y., & Zhu, X. (2023). Peritoneal immune microenvironment of endometriosis: Role and therapeutic perspectives. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1134663. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134663\nComptour, A., Figuier, C., Pereira, B., Chauvet, P., Bourdel, N., & Canis, M. (2024). 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Endometriosis [Fact sheet]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/endometriosis\nDownloads\nPublished\nIssue\nSection\nLicense\nCopyright (c) 2026 Aneila Putri Fatimah , Meiyanti\nThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.\nAuthors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:\n- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.\n- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.\n- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as this can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citations of published work.","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}