{"paper_id":"521e062a-8cbb-420f-9790-d9a3254fa738","body_text":"IR – PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA  \nTESIS               PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL... ANINDYA HAPSARI \nxiii \nABSTRACT \nEFFECT OF VARIOUS DOSES OF HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS PEEL \nETHANOL EXTRACT TO TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-α \nCONCENTRATION, NUMBER OF MACROPHAGE, AND MATRIX \nMETALLOPROTEINASE-9 EXPRESSION \nExperimental Study in Mouse Model of Endometriosis \n \nANINDYA HAPSARI \n \nOn endometriosis, macrophage and TNF-α are found in higher concentration. TNF-\nα can activate NF-κB pathway and raise the expression of MMP -9 and MCP-1’s \ngenes, which are associated with endometriosis progressivity. NF-κB pathway can \nbe blocked by Hylocereus polyrhizus peel. The objective of this study was to know \nthe effect of Hylocereus polyrhizus peel ethanol extract at dose 0.25; 0. 5; and 1 \nmg/g BW on TNF-α concentration, number of macrophage, and MMP-9 expression \non mouse model of endometriosis. This study was a laboratory experimental \nresearch. Thirty female mice were used as samp les and divided into 5 groups: 1 \npositive control, 1 negative control, and 3 treatment groups. Positive control and \ntreatment groups were induced as model of endometriosis for 14 days. The next 14 \ndays, Na-CMC 0.5% was given to both control groups, while Hylocereus polyrhizus \npeel ethanol extract dose 0.25; 0.5; and 1 mg/g BW were given to treatment groups \norally. Peritoneal fluid and endometriotic lesion were examined. Result showed that \nthere was  no significantly differences on TNF -α concentration among \nendometriosis groups (p=0.582). While, there were significantly differences on \nnumber of macrophage and MMP -9 expression among groups  (p<0.05). In \nconclusion, the number  of macrophage and MMP -9 expression are significantly \nlower in groups treated with Hylocereus polyrhizus peel ethanol extract, but the \nTNF-α concentration is not.  \n \n \nKeywords: Hylocereus polyrhizus  peel ethanol  extract, endometriosis, TNF -α, \nmacrophage, MMP-9","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}