{"paper_id":"4e07b1f2-8bf1-4546-91da-6ab4950cc27e","body_text":"Financial Inclusion in the Digital Era and Its Impact on Sustainable Development in ASEAN Nations: Key Findings from the Combined Non-parametric Methods | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Financial Inclusion in the Digital Era and Its Impact on Sustainable Development in ASEAN Nations: Key Findings from the Combined Non-parametric Methods Huy Nguyen Quoc, Hai Nguyen Van, Dinh Le Quoc This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7596012/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Discover Sustainability → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study examines the impact of Digital Financial Inclusion (DFI) on Sustainable Development (SD) in ASEAN countries from 2007 to 2022. Using Quantile-on-Quantile regression and Wavelet coherence models, the results reveal that DFI's impact on SD varies across countries, quantiles, and time periods. Expanding DFI promotes SD in most ASEAN countries (except Singapore) at high quantiles, but negatively affects Vietnam at low quantiles. Additionally, in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, SD helps expand DFI. The study also finds that ASEAN countries (excluding Singapore and Vietnam) effectively use DFI tools during financial crises. Moreover, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam benefit from DFI in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on these findings, tailored policy recommendations are proposed for each country. Digital financial inclusion financial development ASEAN countries sustainable development Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Discover Sustainability → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 10 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 08 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 03 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 19 Sep, 2025 Editor invited by journal 17 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 14 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 11 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-7596012\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":522171119,\"identity\":\"d0b59fbc-2fe0-4b31-96a5-a0ed2edb1c69\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Huy Nguyen Quoc\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Lac Hong University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Huy\",\"middleName\":\"Nguyen\",\"lastName\":\"Quoc\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":522171120,\"identity\":\"19c761f5-c00a-4f71-adf4-5b14f7ffb16a\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Hai Nguyen 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Sustainability\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Discover Series\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Digital financial inclusion, financial development, ASEAN countries, sustainable development\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7596012/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7596012/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThis study examines the impact of Digital Financial Inclusion (DFI) on Sustainable Development (SD) in ASEAN countries from 2007 to 2022. Using Quantile-on-Quantile regression and Wavelet coherence models, the results reveal that DFI's impact on SD varies across countries, quantiles, and time periods. Expanding DFI promotes SD in most ASEAN countries (except Singapore) at high quantiles, but negatively affects Vietnam at low quantiles. Additionally, in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, SD helps expand DFI. The study also finds that ASEAN countries (excluding Singapore and Vietnam) effectively use DFI tools during financial crises. Moreover, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam benefit from DFI in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on these findings, tailored policy recommendations are proposed for each country.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Financial Inclusion in the Digital Era and Its Impact on Sustainable Development in ASEAN Nations: Key Findings from the Combined Non-parametric Methods\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-10-01 04:12:31\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7596012/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0},{\"type\":\"decision\",\"content\":\"Revision requested\",\"date\":\"2025-10-15T12:33:11+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-10-10T12:19:34+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-10-08T19:12:41+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-10-03T09:36:38+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"112148474401798939797806571022390505208\",\"date\":\"2025-09-24T11:33:17+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"62470877052064321261383074498740353937\",\"date\":\"2025-09-21T12:18:52+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"30203814785601875715536845520903069264\",\"date\":\"2025-09-19T13:47:28+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"270389796639051865033886761979878829611\",\"date\":\"2025-09-19T10:35:57+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"207756220180208099254252668102326030426\",\"date\":\"2025-09-19T10:23:53+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewersInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-09-19T10:19:39+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-09-17T14:15:19+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorAssigned\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-09-14T06:56:42+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"checksComplete\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-09-14T06:56:32+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"submitted\",\"content\":\"Discover Sustainability\",\"date\":\"2025-09-12T03:09:42+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"discover-sustainability\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"disu\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Discover Sustainability](https://www.springer.com/43621)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"\",\"title\":\"Discover Sustainability\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Discover Series\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"04b2ed35-11e3-4d0a-8618-8e915acf0dda\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"October 1st, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"published-in-journal\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2025-12-15T16:10:48+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":{\"articleIdentity\":\"rs-7596012\",\"link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-02439-4\",\"journal\":{\"identity\":\"discover-sustainability\",\"isVorOnly\":false,\"title\":\"Discover Sustainability\"},\"publishedOn\":\"2025-12-10 15:58:15\",\"publishedOnDateReadable\":\"December 10th, 2025\"},\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-10-01 04:12:31\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"10.1007/s43621-025-02439-4\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-02439-4\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-7596012\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-7596012\",\"identity\":\"rs-7596012\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}