{"paper_id":"4735cdfa-0149-45e7-92d3-7eda752aa68d","body_text":"Abstract\nObjectives\nThe study aimed to give a first data set of bisphenol A (BPA) levels in the peritoneal fluid of patients suffering from endometriosis and to investigate the relationship between BPA exposure and endometriosis.\nMethods\nA questionnaire investigating the occupational context, life environment, and habits was administered to 68 patients suffering from endometriosis and 60 endometriosis-free subjects (control group). Urine and peritoneal fluids samples were collected and analysed by GC/MSMS for BPA dosage.\nResults\nSome of the investigated environmental/lifestyle risk factors (closeness to industries/activities at risk) were associated with an increase in endometriosis; smoking resulted as protective factor; others (use of food plastic boxes) did not seem to influence the onset of pathology. The association between the occupational exposure summarising all examined risk factors (working activity, personal protective equipment, seniority) and endometriosis was statistically significant (χ 2 = 5.252, p = 0.02). Contrasting results were obtained when specific activities were examined. Detectable urinary BPA levels were found in all analysed samples (patients: 1.17–12.68 pg/µl; mean ± SD, 5.31 ± 3.36 pg/µl; control group: 1.28–2.35 pg/µl; mean ± SD, 1.64 ± 0.49 pg/µl; median; 1.46 pg/µl), with a statistically significant difference between patients and controls, showing an association between BPA exposure and endometriosis. Only a few subjects from the control group supplied peritoneal fluid; hence, no comparison test with patients (range 0.39–1.46 pg/µl; mean ± SD, 0.67 ± 0.30 pg/µl; median, 0.58 pg/µl) was carried out.\nConclusions\nResults highlight the potential association between BPA exposure and endometriosis, as well as the current lack of knowledge regarding occupational exposure to BPA and the need of epidemiological studies focused on single activities/occupations, such as housewives, cleaners, students.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nAngerer J, Ewers U, Wilhelm M (2007) Human biomonitoring: state of the art. Int J Hyg Environ Health 210(3–4):201–228\nAris A (2014) Estimation of bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in pregnant women, fetuses and nonpregnant women in Eastern Townships of Canada. Reprod Toxicol 45:8–13\nAschengrau A, Coogan PF, Quinn M, Cashins LJ (1998) Occupational exposure to estrogenic chemicals and the occurrence of breast cancer: an exploratory analysis. 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Environ Health Perspect 115(1):116–121\nWorld Health Organization (2013) State of the science of endocrine disrupting chemicals–2012. http://www.who.int/ceh/publications/endocrine/en. Accessed 29 January 2016\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nEthics declarations\nConflict of interest\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\nElectronic supplementary material\nBelow is the link to the electronic supplementary material.\nRights and permissions\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nSimonelli, A., Guadagni, R., De Franciscis, P. et al. Environmental and occupational exposure to bisphenol A and endometriosis: urinary and peritoneal fluid concentration levels. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 90, 49–61 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-016-1171-1\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-016-1171-1","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}