{"paper_id":"46e5c3c7-9322-4b6c-a5f9-7025733468fb","body_text":"Abstract\nFemale infertility is a complex and multifactorial disease affecting millions of women worldwide, wherein oxidative stress and inflammation play major roles in its pathophysiology. Flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds derived from plants, show promise in alleviating infertility-related disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and uterine implantation abnormalities. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids can be useful in overcoming oxidative damage and disturbances of inflammatory conditions within the reproductive system. Key flavonoids, including quercetin and apigenin, have demonstrated the ability to regulate hormonal imbalances, enhance follicular development, and improve oocyte quality. Flavonoids may also act by interacting with essential inflammatory and hormonal pathways to suppress the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing antioxidant defenses. The integration of flavonoid-based strategies with conventional treatments opens up promising avenues in improving reproductive outcomes and advancing fertility therapies. This review will highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficacy of flavonoids and point out their potential as nutraceutical interventions in the management of female infertility.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nData availability\nNo datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.\nReferences:\nSzabó A, Váncsa S, Hegyi P, Váradi A, Forintos A, Filipov T et al (2023) Lifestyle-, environmental-, and additional health factors associated with an increased sperm DNA fragmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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Chem Biodivers 21(7):e202400062\nAcknowledgements\nThe Student Research Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences supported this study under Grant Number 76163.\nFunding\nThe authors have not disclosed any funding.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nContributions\nMA, design the study and writing the original draft; HK, AJ, and AK, contributed to the literature search and data collection; AA, project administration, supervision, and conceptualization.\nCorresponding authors\nEthics declarations\nCompeting interests\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\nConsent for publication\nNot applicable.\nAdditional information\nPublisher's Note\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nRights and permissions\nSpringer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nAbdi, M., Karimzadeh, H., Jourabchi, A. et al. Anti-infertility roles of flavonoids: insights into the female reproductive system. Mol Biol Rep 52, 495 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10579-z\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nVersion of record:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10579-z","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}