{"paper_id":"44756a10-5ba7-4652-954d-bdcc43cd03b3","body_text":"Effectiveness and Safety of Combined Pharmacological Therapies for Allergic Rhinitis: protocol for a systematic review with network meta-analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effectiveness and Safety of Combined Pharmacological Therapies for Allergic Rhinitis: protocol for a systematic review with network meta-analysis Xufei Luo, Di Zhu, Albert Martin Li, Bing Zhou, Changqing Zhao, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4185833/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common condition caused by an immune response to allergens such as pollens, dust mites, or pet dander. Its treatment includes a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, but there is no consensus on the most effective and safe combination of drugs. Network meta-analyses (NMA) can comprehensively evaluate multiple treatments for AR. Methods This study will search PubMed (via MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science without language or time limitations for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that identify the combined use of hormonal drugs or antihistamines for the treatment of AR in adults and adolescents. The primary outcomes of interest are the mean change (am.+pm.) in Reflective Total Nasal Symptom Score (rTNSS) from baseline and total adverse effects. Our findings will be presented in a narrative synthesis, and where possible, we will conduct pairwise or Bayesian network meta-analyses with surface under the cumulative ranking curve analyses. We will test different statistical methods and models. Dichotomous outcomes will be reported as odds ratios, while continuous data will be recorded as mean differences with a 95% confidence interval or credibility interval. To assess the quality of the trials, we will use the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will evaluate the confidence of the evidence. Discussion This systematic review and NMA will provide a comprehensive review of the efficacy and safety of combined pharmacological therapies for treating allergic rhinitis in adults and adolescents. The findings of this study will be better equipped to make informed treatment decisions for patients with allergic rhinitis and aid in the development of evidence-based practice guidelines for the optimal management of this common condition. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42023398953. Allergic rhinitis Systematic review Network meta-analysis Protocol Combined treatment Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 23 Oct, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 16 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 29 Mar, 2024 First submitted to journal 01 Mar, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-4185833\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":303215658,\"identity\":\"08578385-b3e7-42f7-b22e-985e813bc471\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Xufei Luo\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Lanzhou University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Xufei\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Luo\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":303215659,\"identity\":\"48983970-6afc-4a25-845d-d1e41da1e1d7\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Di 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