{"paper_id":"43e14cab-bd4c-4398-b278-6613bb407cc0","body_text":"Combined fibre-optic sensing and nodal recorders for seismic characterization of mine tailings | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Combined fibre-optic sensing and nodal recorders for seismic characterization of mine tailings Viktor Stender, Alireza Malehmir, Myrto Papadopoulou, Ronne Hamerslag This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8405816/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 20 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract As the mining industry shifts toward more responsible and lower-impact practices, mine tailings are increasingly regarded as a secondary resource that can be sourced into society. However, poor knowledge of subsurface geometry at many historical tailings sites leads to uncertainties in volume and resource estimates. High-resolution seismic imaging serves as a tool for improved characterization of such sites. Here, we present the results of a seismic survey conducted in 2024 on tailings at Blötberget in central Sweden. The data were acquired using a combined and partly collocated sparse 3D nodal array, landstreamer and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems. The objective was to characterize the tailings and to optimize the acquisition and processing strategies for our application. Through 2D reflection seismic imaging, layer-based refraction travel time modelling and travel time tomography, we obtained well-constrained P-wave velocities for the tailings on the order of 300-350 m/s. Additional 3D travel time modelling yielded volumetric estimates, from which we estimate a total tailings tonnage of approximately 4 Mt. Finally, we demonstrated that surface DAS can serve as a complementary recording system, capable of delineating the tailings when fibre cable-ground coupling conditions are favourable. The survey serves as a pilot for future mine tailings investigations and related near-surface characterization efforts, and we highlight the benefits of using multi-element seismic recording arrays for such purposes. Mine tailings seismic survey near-surface site characterization distributed acoustic sensing Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 11 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 09 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 04 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 10 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 28 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 26 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 25 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-8405816\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":573465247,\"identity\":\"d66e2851-9b81-43a0-ac57-cdd5a839b1d8\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Viktor 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characterization of mine tailings\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":false,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"discover-applied-sciences\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Discover Applied Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/42452)\",\"snPcode\":\"42452\",\"submissionUrl\":\"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/42452/3\",\"title\":\"Discover Applied 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However, poor knowledge of subsurface geometry at many historical tailings sites leads to uncertainties in volume and resource estimates. High-resolution seismic imaging serves as a tool for improved characterization of such sites. Here, we present the results of a seismic survey conducted in 2024 on tailings at Blötberget in central Sweden. The data were acquired using a combined and partly collocated sparse 3D nodal array, landstreamer and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems. The objective was to characterize the tailings and to optimize the acquisition and processing strategies for our application. Through 2D reflection seismic imaging, layer-based refraction travel time modelling and travel time tomography, we obtained well-constrained P-wave velocities for the tailings on the order of 300-350 m/s. Additional 3D travel time modelling yielded volumetric estimates, from which we estimate a total tailings tonnage of approximately 4 Mt. Finally, we demonstrated that surface DAS can serve as a complementary recording system, capable of delineating the tailings when fibre cable-ground coupling conditions are favourable. The survey serves as a pilot for future mine tailings investigations and related near-surface characterization efforts, and we highlight the benefits of using multi-element seismic recording arrays for such purposes.\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Combined fibre-optic sensing and nodal recorders for seismic characterization of mine tailings\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2026-01-13 14:31:13\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8405816/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0},{\"type\":\"decision\",\"content\":\"Revision 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