{"paper_id":"428b1a95-de38-4f59-9abb-75c1be1e430c","body_text":"Effect of LiNbO3 on the Electrocaloric Performance of 0.94BNT-0.06BT Ceramic Materials | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effect of LiNbO3 on the Electrocaloric Performance of 0.94BNT-0.06BT Ceramic Materials Jing Chen, lei Wu, Luanfan Duan, Dongren Liu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-437223/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Dec, 2021 Read the published version in Ferroelectrics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Considering that the electric refrigeration temperature range of 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic materials is 100 ~ 140℃, the electric refrigeration performance of the 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic material system was modified by LiNbO 3 doping to reduce the cooling temperature. As a result, the refrigeration temperature range of the 0.94BNT-0.06BT ceramic material system was lowered to 25 ~ 80℃, achieving its cooling effect near room temperature, and in this temperature range, the adiabatic temperature changes ∆T > 0.6K. Ceramics Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-BaTiO3 Electrocaloric effect Lead-free piezoelectric Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Full Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 10 Dec, 2021 Read the published version in Ferroelectrics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-437223\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":21957056,\"identity\":\"73e906c4-671e-4ace-aa12-0c53ebfcde6f\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Jing Chen\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2klEQVRIie3OsQrCMBCA4RShk5D1RHyHg0J1kPZVLAFdBB0dK92dK75EQXCOBOriAwh2EITMnZwE7dU9ZhTMD4EE7iPHmMv1iwEdZIwzL5XN3UutSS9tiLQmFNIXVoTvsvI2WlbR/pqtVc3Gg0J29M34SVXOEFCLQ3WkxaZBIf0hmgjCPARAJcJLQkQlhez6YCaLR0uCvCUvGzL3iUQILZHfCVym7WIToMXOKIKt8kMj4bnQfXiqmOeze71aRYPNKdNGQnWaiST97EnPb/NNXs1YbDHncrlc/9obx6NO5tZcjyQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3893-4952\",\"institution\":\"Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"submittingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Jing\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Chen\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":21957057,\"identity\":\"e8c4e514-57f7-4b17-9c6e-a4bed6b59f31\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"lei Wu\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"submittingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"lei\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Wu\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":21957058,\"identity\":\"589b9a66-2623-47d5-9c7a-9c413e82639d\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Luanfan Duan\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"submittingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Luanfan\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Duan\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":21957059,\"identity\":\"d8dc00f6-7fdb-4c5c-b3c1-9f1e008174f3\",\"order_by\":3,\"name\":\"Dongren Liu\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Yangzhou University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"submittingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Dongren\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Liu\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2021-04-18 14:15:40\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-437223/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-437223/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[{\"content\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2021.1991207\",\"type\":\"published\",\"date\":\"2021-12-10T16:21:29+00:00\"}],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":8246952,\"identity\":\"99fd44cd-6774-4676-885b-206a11435e3b\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-04-20 21:04:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"Figure 1\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":83174,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"Variable-temperature ferroelectric hysteresis loop of (1-x)(0.94BNT-0.06BT)-xLiNbO3 at different temperatures: (a) 0.01 LiNbO3; (b) 0.015 LiNbO3; (c) 0.02 LiNbO3; (d) 0.025 LiNbO3.\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-437223/v1/4deb7cff619a7db55749cc98.png\"},{\"id\":8246445,\"identity\":\"5657f093-7bf5-43d0-8036-48922b7389a5\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-04-20 21:01:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":2,\"title\":\"Figure 2\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":74863,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"The relationship between the maximum polarization of (1-x)(0.94BNT-0.06BT)-xLiNbO3 and temperature in different electric fields: (a) 0.01 LiNbO3;(b) 0.015 LiNbO3;(c) 0.02 LiNbO3;(d) 0.025 LiNbO3.\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-437223/v1/64b74986fb7f54af922710cf.png\"},{\"id\":8246442,\"identity\":\"33057e7d-bacd-41fc-a03a-5f2705996986\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-04-20 21:01:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":3,\"title\":\"Figure 3\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":76927,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"The relationship between the pyroelectric coefficient of (1-x)(0.94BNT-0.06BT)-xLiNbO3 and temperature in different electric fields: (a) 0.01 LiNbO3;(b) 0.015 LiNbO3;(c) 0.02 LiNbO3;(d) 0.025 LiNbO3.\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage3.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-437223/v1/9684170af5d65a81cb6681a2.png\"},{\"id\":8246953,\"identity\":\"a3349cfb-5272-4882-95d4-62e9668e96c5\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-04-20 21:04:24\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":4,\"title\":\"Figure 4\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":25499,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"Density and specific heat capacity of (1-x)(0.94BNT-0.06BT)-xLiNbO3: (a) density; (b) specific heat capacity.\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage4.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-437223/v1/71607ef1e2a67ffba513ce12.png\"},{\"id\":8246951,\"identity\":\"1b25d3b7-59ea-431e-b0f4-b20ccaaa3593\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-04-20 21:04:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":5,\"title\":\"Figure 5\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":81691,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"The relationship between the adiabatic temperature changes of (1-x)(0.94BNT-0.06BT)-xLiNbO3 and temperature in different electric fields: (a) 0.01 LiNbO3;(b) 0.015 LiNbO3;(c) 0.02 LiNbO3;(d) 0.025 LiNbO3\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage5.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-437223/v1/1b585d3105b74cd39a301f9b.png\"},{\"id\":16801055,\"identity\":\"b628490e-a3ba-45c0-8d9b-c981c9cd1298\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-12-28 16:21:38\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":2114606,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Manuscript0.94BNT0.06BTElectrocaloricPerformance.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-437223/v1_covered.pdf\"},{\"id\":13623463,\"identity\":\"dc1bf51c-8cd6-4e6b-8045-6bf6ae5136da\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-09-17 07:18:40\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":2109616,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Manuscript0.94BNT0.06BTElectrocaloricPerformance.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-437223/v1_covered.pdf\"},{\"id\":10811584,\"identity\":\"419e0115-d40e-49ee-adeb-11a22eecd878\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-06-26 14:10:50\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":2106086,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Manuscript0.94BNT0.06BTElectrocaloricPerformance.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-437223/v1_covered.pdf\"},{\"id\":8247218,\"identity\":\"4da51182-bcc7-4521-9e15-297ab1c34666\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-04-20 21:07:24\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":1620694,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Manuscript0.94BNT0.06BTElectrocaloricPerformance.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-437223/v1_stamped.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Effect of LiNbO3 on the Electrocaloric Performance of 0.94BNT-0.06BT Ceramic Materials\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"Full Text\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eDue to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. 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