{"paper_id":"4271fc0c-39c4-466e-a7a0-b3346bca2cf2","body_text":"Differential Growth -Markers and Nutrient Signaling Molecules Mediated by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Black Nightshade (Solanum Nigrum L.) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Differential Growth -Markers and Nutrient Signaling Molecules Mediated by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Black Nightshade (Solanum Nigrum L.) Anthony Wale Ojewumi, Olawale Lawrence Osifeko, Nneka Sheily Egonu, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8089997/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and beans husk extract (BHE) on Black nightshade. Functional groups, morphological, optical appearance and elemental compositions of ZnONPs and BHE were evaluated. Growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. Results revealed triple absorption bond between 2076.00–2352.36 cm⁻¹, double bond at 1632.34 cm⁻¹ in ZnONPs and BHE between 2352.00-2072.00 cm⁻¹. Zinc (70.56%, 50.45%) was the major element determined in ZnONPs as well as silica (50.25%, 20.34%) in BHE. BHE and ZnONPs showed normal distribution with an average diameter (9.9 nm) in BHE and (8.64 nm) in ZnONPs. Five (5.0 g/L) ZnONPs produced tallest plant height (62.33 cm) and highest number of leaves (64.67 cm). Malondialdehyde (24.27 µmolg − 1 FW) was significantly in the leaves as well as hydrogen peroxide (39.46 µmolg − 1 DW) in the roots. Antioxidant activities were significantly lower in the leaves and roots of the vegetable treated with 10.0g/L BHE compared with control. In conclusion, alcohol, hydroxy, silicone and aliphatic nitro compounds are common functional groups observed in ZnONPs and BHE. Medial alkyne, imino and azo were peculiar to ZnONPs while terminal alkyne and Isothiocyanate were the major functional groups determined in BHE. Five (5.0 g/L) ZnONPs enhanced growth-markers and suppressed ROS production in the vegetable, therefore adoption of the zinc oxide nano-particles as sustainable soil conditioners for plant growth enhancement and regulation of reactive oxygen species.. Black nightshade Beans husk extract Antioxidant activities Reactive oxygen species Soil conditioner Growth parameters Functional group Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-8089997\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":549851665,\"identity\":\"34929722-0d5e-4e21-acc7-fc134073b4f2\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Anthony Wale 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Molecules Mediated by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Black Nightshade (Solanum Nigrum L.)\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Black nightshade, Beans husk extract, Antioxidant activities, Reactive oxygen species, Soil conditioner, Growth parameters, Functional group\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8089997/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8089997/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eA pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and beans husk extract (BHE) on Black nightshade. Functional groups, morphological, optical appearance and elemental compositions of ZnONPs and BHE were evaluated. Growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. Results revealed triple absorption bond between 2076.00\\u0026ndash;2352.36 cm⁻\\u0026sup1;, double bond at 1632.34 cm⁻\\u0026sup1; in ZnONPs and BHE between 2352.00-2072.00 cm⁻\\u0026sup1;. Zinc (70.56%, 50.45%) was the major element determined in ZnONPs as well as silica (50.25%, 20.34%) in BHE. BHE and ZnONPs showed normal distribution with an average diameter (9.9 nm) in BHE and (8.64 nm) in ZnONPs. Five (5.0 g/L) ZnONPs produced tallest plant height (62.33 cm) and highest number of leaves (64.67 cm). Malondialdehyde (24.27 \\u0026micro;molg\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;1\\u003c/sup\\u003eFW) was significantly in the leaves as well as hydrogen peroxide (39.46 \\u0026micro;molg\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;1\\u003c/sup\\u003eDW) in the roots. Antioxidant activities were significantly lower in the leaves and roots of the vegetable treated with 10.0g/L BHE compared with control. In conclusion, alcohol, hydroxy, silicone and aliphatic nitro compounds are common functional groups observed in ZnONPs and BHE. Medial alkyne, imino and azo were peculiar to ZnONPs while terminal alkyne and Isothiocyanate were the major functional groups determined in BHE. Five (5.0 g/L) ZnONPs enhanced growth-markers and suppressed ROS production in the vegetable, therefore adoption of the zinc oxide nano-particles as sustainable soil conditioners for plant growth enhancement and regulation of reactive oxygen species..\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Differential Growth -Markers and Nutrient Signaling Molecules Mediated by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Black Nightshade (Solanum Nigrum L.)\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-11-26 18:52:05\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8089997/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"b8b8c653-16e5-431d-89f1-1b20c5798c8e\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"November 26th, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2026-01-19T11:16:28+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-11-26 18:52:05\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-8089997\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-8089997\",\"identity\":\"rs-8089997\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}