{"paper_id":"3e8d5abc-6d0f-4e3f-8396-e988d47529f6","body_text":"Myo-inositol mitigates heat-induced leaf senescence by enhancing antioxidant defense, sugar metabolism, and heat shock pathway in creeping bentgrass | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Myo-inositol mitigates heat-induced leaf senescence by enhancing antioxidant defense, sugar metabolism, and heat shock pathway in creeping bentgrass Yiming Cai, Dandan Peng, Zhou Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8305129/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 15 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Myo-inositol (MI) plays an important regulatory role in plant stress adaptation, but limited investigation has been conducted to reveal potential mechanism of MI-regulated leaf senescence under heat tolerance. This study investigated how foliar-applied MI regulated heat tolerance in cool-season creeping bentgrass by examining its effects on photosynthetic stability, sugar metabolism, the accumulation of pyruvic acid, antioxidant defense systems, and heat shock transcription pathways. The results showed that heat stress induced damage symptoms including reduced leaf relative water content, chlorophyll loss, and declines in photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency, which could be significantly mitigated by exogenous MI. The application of MI significantly increased water use efficiency, the accumulation of sucrose, fructose, glucose, and PA as well as the activities of invertase, sucrose synthase, and sucrose phosphate synthase in favor of carbon acquisition, osmotic adjustment, and energy supply during heat stress. Under high-temperature stress, foliar spraying of MI significantly reduced electrolyte leakage and contents of superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde by improving activities of antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, APX, MR, GR, and DR), the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants (ASA and GSSG), and the ASA/DHA ratio. In addition, heat stress significantly up-regulated expression levels of multiple genes encoding heat shock transcription factors (HSFA-2c, HSFA-2d, HSFA-6a, and HSFC-2b) and heat shock proteins (HSP17.8, HSP26.7, HSP70, and HSP90.1-b1), which could be also further enhanced by the application of exogenous MI. The present study demonstrated the positive role of MI in mitigating heat-induced leaf senescence in creeping bentgrass associated with improved enzymatic and non-ezymatic antioxidant defense systems, sugar metabolism, and heat shock transcription pathways. The MI can be used as an effective plant growth regulator to enhance heat tolerance in creeping bentgrass or other horticultural crops. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the MI improves thermotolerance still deserve further in-depth study. Heat Shock Protein Heat Shock Transcription Factor Photochemical efficiency Pyruvic Acid Reactive Oxygen Species Water Use Efficiency Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 03 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 20 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 29 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 24 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 21 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 13 Dec, 2025 Editor invited by journal 10 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 10 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-8305129\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":578968386,\"identity\":\"c6e8a24a-aee0-43ab-9b94-90d8ad4c0432\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Yiming Cai\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Sichuan Agricultural University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Yiming\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Cai\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":578968387,\"identity\":\"ca776a1e-4425-4535-8f0f-1a48c2a3a4fc\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Dandan 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antioxidant defense, sugar metabolism, and heat shock pathway in creeping bentgrass\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":false,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"bmc-plant-biology\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"pbio\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx\",\"title\":\"BMC Plant Biology\",\"twitterHandle\":\"BMC_series\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"em\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"BMC Series\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Heat Shock Protein, Heat Shock Transcription Factor, Photochemical efficiency, Pyruvic Acid, Reactive Oxygen Species, Water Use Efficiency\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8305129/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8305129/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eMyo-inositol (MI) plays an important regulatory role in plant stress adaptation, but limited investigation has been conducted to reveal potential mechanism of MI-regulated leaf senescence under heat tolerance. This study investigated how foliar-applied MI regulated heat tolerance in cool-season creeping bentgrass by examining its effects on photosynthetic stability, sugar metabolism, the accumulation of pyruvic acid, antioxidant defense systems, and heat shock transcription pathways. The results showed that heat stress induced damage symptoms including reduced leaf relative water content, chlorophyll loss, and declines in photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency, which could be significantly mitigated by exogenous MI. The application of MI significantly increased water use efficiency, the accumulation of sucrose, fructose, glucose, and PA as well as the activities of invertase, sucrose synthase, and sucrose phosphate synthase in favor of carbon acquisition, osmotic adjustment, and energy supply during heat stress. Under high-temperature stress, foliar spraying of MI significantly reduced electrolyte leakage and contents of superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde by improving activities of antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, APX, MR, GR, and DR), the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants (ASA and GSSG), and the ASA/DHA ratio. In addition, heat stress significantly up-regulated expression levels of multiple genes encoding heat shock transcription factors (HSFA-2c, HSFA-2d, HSFA-6a, and HSFC-2b) and heat shock proteins (HSP17.8, HSP26.7, HSP70, and HSP90.1-b1), which could be also further enhanced by the application of exogenous MI. The present study demonstrated the positive role of MI in mitigating heat-induced leaf senescence in creeping bentgrass associated with improved enzymatic and non-ezymatic antioxidant defense systems, sugar metabolism, and heat shock transcription pathways. The MI can be used as an effective plant growth regulator to enhance heat tolerance in creeping bentgrass or other horticultural crops. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the MI improves thermotolerance still deserve further in-depth study.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Myo-inositol mitigates heat-induced leaf senescence by enhancing antioxidant defense, sugar metabolism, and heat shock pathway in creeping bentgrass\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2026-01-23 16:15:59\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8305129/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0},{\"type\":\"decision\",\"content\":\"Revision requested\",\"date\":\"2026-03-03T13:32:46+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2026-03-03T08:55:26+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"180587170332839588641944006782516036976\",\"date\":\"2026-02-23T15:21:24+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2026-02-20T23:16:43+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"273215782396222917687722718707934590674\",\"date\":\"2026-02-18T22:44:37+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2026-01-29T05:41:51+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"237725735541427886757440752639148422937\",\"date\":\"2026-01-26T01:25:19+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"194235109818444572463689993763893426734\",\"date\":\"2026-01-24T13:30:56+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2026-01-24T11:36:58+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"193251212154763566351208955063643024087\",\"date\":\"2026-01-22T20:51:23+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewersInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2026-01-21T20:25:47+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorAssigned\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-12-13T08:00:37+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-12-11T03:45:43+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"checksComplete\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-12-11T01:15:36+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"submitted\",\"content\":\"BMC Plant Biology\",\"date\":\"2025-12-11T01:09:34+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"bmc-plant-biology\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"pbio\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx\",\"title\":\"BMC Plant Biology\",\"twitterHandle\":\"BMC_series\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"em\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"BMC Series\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"8e47c431-0b60-48c1-a489-41fd1c50a2ff\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"January 23rd, 2026\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"under-review\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2026-05-14T10:23:13+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2026-01-23 16:15:59\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-8305129\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-8305129\",\"identity\":\"rs-8305129\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}