{"paper_id":"3d0d240e-7c86-41d6-9a10-cd968f8f98c0","body_text":"Studying The Impact of Precipitation On Nutrient Loading into The Nagarjuna Sagar Reservoir from Contributing Watershed Using the SWAT model | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Studying The Impact of Precipitation On Nutrient Loading into The Nagarjuna Sagar Reservoir from Contributing Watershed Using the SWAT model Tarun Teja Kondraju, Rajan Krishnan Sundara This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4408742/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In recent decades, the increasing nutrient contamination in several water bodies across the globe has made it necessary to revisit, study, and understand all the mechanisms that contribute to the increasing contamination levels to protect the water bodies. Precipitation-induced surface runoff could be one of the significant contributors to controlling water quality in inland water bodies by regulating nutrient movement across the contributing watersheds where the land use is mainly driven by precipitation, such as the tropical monsoon climates of Southeast Asia. Current literature does not provide sufficient information to understand the role of precipitation in controlling the water quality under these conditions. Hence, the interactions between precipitation and nutrient transport need to be studied to mitigate the ill effects of the contamination. As a case study, this work used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model to assess these interactions in Nagarjuna Sagar (NS) and the contributing watersheds from the Krishna River basin. The model was calibrated for the entire Krishna River basin using the flow and in-stream nitrate concentration values measured at the Wadenapally gauge station. The model was used to study the contaminants produced from the NS contributing watershed from 2007 to 2017, during which the basin recorded flood and drought conditions. Since Total Nitrogen (TN) influences the nitrate concentration in streams, TN production was used as a reference for contamination output from the contributing watershed. The results showed that the land use in 2013 and 2017 had similar land use conditions and statistics, but the contribution watershed saw higher production of TN during 2013 due to good rainfall, and 2017 saw reduced output as the precipitation decreased. When the precipitation values were mutually exchanged, the resulting TN output from 2013 and 2017 years was comparable to the original TN yield from 2017 and 2013, respectively. This shows that precipitation essentially controls the production of the contaminants in the contributing watershed. SWAT Precipitation Total Nitrogen production Inland Water Body Nutrient Contamination Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-4408742\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":309494119,\"identity\":\"81da31d2-1a87-4b66-9c39-598975e0b7fd\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Tarun Teja Kondraju\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA9ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPCCBAiWYLABMhgbD+BTy4OmJQ2kpYEELQwMh8FcvFrs2c8+ky5gSJMzZ899+MGy7bzd2vbDQFtqbKJx2sKTbiY9gyHH2LLnubGEZNvt5G1nEoFajqXlNuB0WBqbNA9DReKGG2kMYC1mB4BaGBsO49bC/wyuhfmHZNu5ZLPzDwlokQDbkgPSwga05YCd2Q1Cttx4xmzNY5BmbHDmGZuFxLnkBLMbQFsS8PiFvT+N8TZPRbKcwfE05tsSZXb2ZufTHz74UGODUwsEGEAoZgkGhkSwygS8ypEA4wdgRBGreBSMglEwCkYOAABj2VkYh1KbrwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Indian Agricultural Research Institute\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Tarun\",\"middleName\":\"Teja\",\"lastName\":\"Kondraju\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":309494120,\"identity\":\"4e507404-5277-4cd8-91a4-e37f63cff029\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Rajan Krishnan Sundara\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Rajan\",\"middleName\":\"Krishnan\",\"lastName\":\"Sundara\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2024-05-12 14:00:00\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4408742/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4408742/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":78785273,\"identity\":\"3698c7ec-2ed2-44c2-a26a-75e83eb13c83\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-03-19 00:38:21\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":1699246,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"TextHOWHYDROLOGYEFFECTSNUTREINTLOADING.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4408742/v1_covered_32bbf74f-79af-4003-bad2-f8c44d518539.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Studying The Impact of Precipitation On Nutrient Loading into The Nagarjuna Sagar Reservoir from Contributing Watershed Using the SWAT model\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"SWAT, Precipitation, Total Nitrogen production, Inland Water Body Nutrient Contamination\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4408742/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4408742/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eIn recent decades, the increasing nutrient contamination in several water bodies across the globe has made it necessary to revisit, study, and understand all the mechanisms that contribute to the increasing contamination levels to protect the water bodies. Precipitation-induced surface runoff could be one of the significant contributors to controlling water quality in inland water bodies by regulating nutrient movement across the contributing watersheds where the land use is mainly driven by precipitation, such as the tropical monsoon climates of Southeast Asia. Current literature does not provide sufficient information to understand the role of precipitation in controlling the water quality under these conditions. Hence, the interactions between precipitation and nutrient transport need to be studied to mitigate the ill effects of the contamination. As a case study, this work used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model to assess these interactions in Nagarjuna Sagar (NS) and the contributing watersheds from the Krishna River basin. The model was calibrated for the entire Krishna River basin using the flow and in-stream nitrate concentration values measured at the Wadenapally gauge station. The model was used to study the contaminants produced from the NS contributing watershed from 2007 to 2017, during which the basin recorded flood and drought conditions. Since Total Nitrogen (TN) influences the nitrate concentration in streams, TN production was used as a reference for contamination output from the contributing watershed. The results showed that the land use in 2013 and 2017 had similar land use conditions and statistics, but the contribution watershed saw higher production of TN during 2013 due to good rainfall, and 2017 saw reduced output as the precipitation decreased. When the precipitation values were mutually exchanged, the resulting TN output from 2013 and 2017 years was comparable to the original TN yield from 2017 and 2013, respectively. 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