{"paper_id":"3bda37c3-b0b6-4050-9d1c-98899105b00a","body_text":"A comprehensive evaluation of the long-term trend of the basic climatic variables and the net water available (NWA) index in Iran during the period from 1960 to 2020 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A comprehensive evaluation of the long-term trend of the basic climatic variables and the net water available (NWA) index in Iran during the period from 1960 to 2020 Ali Rezaee, Abolfazl Mosaedi, Aliasghar Beheshti, Azar ZArrin This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4474106/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Earth Science Informatics → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In recent years, the effects and consequences of climate change have shown themselves by creating irregularities and trends in the essential climatic variables. In most cases, the trend of climatic variables is associated with periodicity. In this study, the trends and periodicity of these data (precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and net available water (NWA) have been investigated in a period of 60 years in Iran. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimator are applied for analyzing the trend and its magnitude. Wavelet transform is used to detect the periodicity of time series and to determine the correlation between NWA and temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration in common periodicity. The results show that the stations located in eastern and western Iran have more significant increasing/decreasing trends. Evapotranspiration shows the highest increasing trend in most stations, followed by temperature, while NWA and precipitation have trends at lower significance levels and decreasing direction. The examination of periodicity in time series showed that, among all the studied stations, evapotranspiration has the most extended periodicity with an average length of 8.3 years, followed by NWA, temperature, and precipitation with 7.3 years, 5.8 years, and 5.5 years. The results of the correlations investigation showed that in about 80% of the stations, there is a high correlation between precipitation and NWA in the short-term periodicity and at the end of the studied period. The evapotranspiration variable in most stations has a high correlation in different periodicities with the amount of NWA. Trend Mann-Kendall Test Periodicity Water Availability Wavelet transform Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Earth Science Informatics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 07 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 07 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 07 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 06 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 06 Jun, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 30 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 24 May, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-4474106\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":311948858,\"identity\":\"c797ce45-1d1a-4503-bf73-d2738334134c\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Ali Rezaee\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Ali\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Rezaee\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":311948859,\"identity\":\"4befd5aa-ce2f-4b30-9bd4-9506c1e1b399\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Abolfazl 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In most cases, the trend of climatic variables is associated with periodicity. In this study, the trends and periodicity of these data (precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and net available water (NWA) have been investigated in a period of 60 years in Iran. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen\\u0026rsquo;s slope estimator are applied for analyzing the trend and its magnitude. Wavelet transform is used to detect the periodicity of time series and to determine the correlation between NWA and temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration in common periodicity. The results show that the stations located in eastern and western Iran have more significant increasing/decreasing trends. Evapotranspiration shows the highest increasing trend in most stations, followed by temperature, while NWA and precipitation have trends at lower significance levels and decreasing direction. The examination of periodicity in time series showed that, among all the studied stations, evapotranspiration has the most extended periodicity with an average length of 8.3 years, followed by NWA, temperature, and precipitation with 7.3 years, 5.8 years, and 5.5 years. The results of the correlations investigation showed that in about 80% of the stations, there is a high correlation between precipitation and NWA in the short-term periodicity and at the end of the studied period. 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