{"paper_id":"3af790f4-d3cc-45f2-8035-08bda84d5e2a","body_text":"The evolution and maintenance of trioecy with cytoplasmic male sterility | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article The evolution and maintenance of trioecy with cytoplasmic male sterility Mai Thu Nguyen, John Pannell This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4616419/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Heredity → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Trioecy, the co-existence of females, males and hermaphrodites, is a rare sexual system in plants. Previous models have identified pollen limitation as a necessary condition for the evolution of trioecy from hermaphroditism, whereby the seed-production and pollen production of females and males, respectively, relative to those of hermaphrodites are compromised by self-fertilization by hermaphrodites under pollen- limitation. Here, we investigate the evolution of trioecy via the invasion of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) into androdioecious populations in which hermaphrodites co-occur with males and where the male determiner is linked to a (partial) fertility restorer. We show that the presence of males renders invasion by CMS more difficult. However, the presence of males also facilitates the maintenance of trioecy even in the absence of pollen limitation by negative frequency-dependent selection whereby males reduce the fitness of females by siring sons that cannot transmit CMS. We discuss our results in light of empirical observations of trioecy in plants. Biological sciences/Evolution/Population genetics Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant reproduction Biological sciences/Genetics/Cytogenetics trioecy dioecy androdioecy gynodioecy pollen limitation self-fertilization sex allocation inbreeding depression Full Text Additional Declarations There is no duality of interest Supplementary Files singlepopnopollim.pdf Output of the Mathematica script - Model 1 AppendixNEW.pdf Supplementary Information singlepopwithWTpollim.pdf Output of the Mathematica script - Model 3 singlepopwithMFpollim.pdf Output of the Mathematica script - Model 2 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Oct, 2024 Read the published version in Heredity → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: revise 16 Aug, 2024 Review # 2 received at journal 31 Jul, 2024 Review # 3 received at journal 31 Jul, 2024 Reviewer # 3 agreed at journal 16 Jul, 2024 Review # 1 received at journal 12 Jul, 2024 Reviewer # 2 agreed at journal 04 Jul, 2024 Reviewer # 1 agreed at journal 04 Jul, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 04 Jul, 2024 First submitted to journal 21 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 21 Jun, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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