{"paper_id":"35a33f91-d0df-4b85-b843-0bb3f8f07011","body_text":"Prevalence and factors associated with food security status amongst youths of 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Prevalence and factors associated with food security status amongst youths of 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda Jeniffer Akello, Francis Onyilo, Bonny Aloka This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8123017/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Nearly two billion people worldwide are affected with moderate to severe food insecurity, while over 820 million people go hungry. Youth in Karamoja face challenges of food security, including limited access to land, credit, education, and employment, yet there is limited evidence on the prevalence and determinants of food security among youth in Moroto district hence this study. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using systematic random sampling to recruit 744 youths aged 18 to 30 years. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 29 with both descriptive and inferential statistics at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. Results All the households were either moderately food insecure 104 (13.98%) or severely food insecure 640 (86.02%). The factors associated with food security were none formal education (AOR: 0.187, 95% CI: 0.049–0.722, p = 0.015), presence of agriculture extension services (AOR: 0.341, 95% CI: 0.201–0.576, p < 0.001), having a backyard garden (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.247–0.934, p = 0.031), common food taboos (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.279–0.825, p = 0.008) and borrowing food (AOR: 3.858, 95% CI: 2.250–6.615, p < 0.001). Conclusion Therefore, there is a critical need for targeted interventions to address this issue and support the younger population's nutritional needs, through active involvement in the food production and food system value chain. The results from this study is expected to support local/ national policy development and intervention which will eventually contribute to a sustainable agricultural production practices and improved livelihood amongst the youth in Karamoja region. youths food security nutrition malnutrition Karamoja Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction Globally, nearly two billion people face moderate to severe food insecurity, and over 820 million people experience hunger( 1 ). Food insecurity remains a significant obstacle to a stable livelihood in developing countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, about 30% of the population experienced severe food insecurity in 2020, and 37% reported moderate food insecurity in the same period, with a total of 724 million affected ( 2 ). According to the World Food Programme (WFP), Uganda, specifically, has been hit hard by food insecurity, with 16.4 million people consuming insufficient food as of January 2023, representing an increase of 1.2 million since late 2022 ( 3 ). The Karamoja region is particularly affected, with 41% of the population experiencing severe acute food insecurity ( 4 ). While food insecurity has been widely studied, most research has focused on households as a whole, often overlooking the specific challenges faced by the youth( 5 – 7 ). Despite youths being crucial to the future agricultural productivity, their adaptability and innovative potential are frequently marginalized in policies and frameworks addressing food insecurity ( 8 , 9 ). Factors such as limited access to agricultural land, lack of modern farming technologies, and insufficient youth-friendly policies present significant barriers to achieving food security among the youth ( 10 , 11 ). In Uganda’s Karamoja region, specifically in Moroto district, there is a paucity of data documenting the drivers and extent of food insecurity among youths, hindering the development of targeted interventions. Addressing food insecurity among youth is crucial to achieving sustainable development goals, particularly SDG 2, which aims to eliminate hunger, promote sustainable agriculture, and ensure food security by 2023. Youth in the Karamoja region constitute about 35% of the population (moroto.go.ug), and their inclusion in food security discussions is essential for both the short- and long-term stability of the region. Understanding the specific barriers that youth face in achieving food security can lead to better-targeted policies and interventions, ensuring their meaningful contribution to sustainable agricultural practices and improved livelihoods. However, the lack of understanding in this area impedes the development and execution of efficacious policies and interventions aimed at resolving the food security issues that young people in the area face. To guarantee that youth are consistently included in discussions on food security, this study empirically investigated the extent and determinants of food insecurity among youth in Moroto district, Karamoja region. By identifying the specific factors contributing to food insecurity among youth, the study provided actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to develop and implement effective strategies that reduce food insecurity and enhance youth participation in sustainable agricultural practices. Methods Study design and settings This study utilized an analytical cross-sectional design. This design allowed measurement outcome of interest and associated factors at a single point in time ( 12 ). The study was carried out in the Moroto district, situated in the Karamoja sub-region of Uganda's northern area. The district was selected because it is at phase three of severe food insecurity ( 4 ). Moroto district is bordered by Kaabong District to the north, Kenya to the east, Amudat District to the south, Nakapiripirit District to the southwest, Napak District to the west, and Kotido District to the northwest. Moroto Town, where the district headquarters is, is at the foot of Mt. Moroto. The town is approximately 213 kilometres, by road, northeast of Mbale, the nearest large city ( 13 ). Moroto district has six sub counties including Katikele, Nadunget, Northern Division, Rupa, South Division, and Tapac (Fig. 2 ). According to the 2014 census report, the district had a youth population (18 to 30 years) of 31,826. The predominant rural population of Moroto is engaged in agricultural and livestock-related livelihoods. However, there has been a notable expansion in the variety of varied economic pursuits in recent years, including mining, stone quarrying, and the sale of natural resource products. The region continues to have the highest levels of food insecurity and malnutrition in Uganda as a result of several reasons, including limited food access, lack of dietary diversification, and poverty. All the nine districts of Karamoja were in the acute food security (AFS) phase three among more than 41% of the population ( 4 ). Study participants and eligibility The study was conducted among youths aged 18 to 30 years living in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda. These were selected within households and must had been residents for the past one year before the survey. Participation into the study was also based on provision of an informed consent. All youths that were mentally incapacitated to provide valid data, through behavioral observations and reference to the ability to perform daily tasks and make informed decisions were excluded from participation. Sampling and sample size estimation Cluster multistage sampling was used to recruit participants into the study. Using a simple random sampling method, two sub counties out of the six were selected by writing the names of sub counties on small pieces of paper then randomly selecting two without replacement. Again, simple random sampling of two parishes in each selected sub county was selected, generating a total of four parishes. From the parishes, only youths (18 to 30 years) and household heads were considered. Lists of these households from each village were requested from the Local council two chairpersons and these were the sampling frames. Number of households selected from each parish were proportionate to the population size of the parish. A skip interval computed as below was utilized to select homes from each parish in a systematic random sampling strategy $$\\:{K}^{th}=N/n$$ Where K is the skip interval, N is the sampling frame for a specific village and n is the number of households required from the given village. The first position (K1) was selected through a simple random sampling technique. The sample size for this study was estimated using the Kish Leslie formula for cross-sectional studies ( 14 ), which is as follows: $$\\:{n}_{o}={Z}^{2}*p(1-p)/{Z}^{2}$$ Where Z is the standard score at 95% confidence interval (Z = 1.96), n o being minimum sample size, p is the level of food security in Karamoja region of 41% ( 4 ), while e the margin of error of 5% at 95% confidence interval. $$\\:n={1.96}^{2}*0.41(1-0.41)/{0.05}^{2}=372$$ To cater for the systematic error that could have been introduced due to inter-cluster variations introduced when we clustered at sub county level, a design effect of 2.0 was applied based on a previous related study in Ethiopia ( 15 ). Hence, we obtained the overall minimum sample of 744 respondents as follows: $$\\:n={12*n}_{o}$$ $$\\:n=2*372$$ \\(\\:n=744\\) Respondents Data collection and study variables This study used a structured questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants, using the Kobo collect applications installed on smartphones. The questionnaire consisted of demographic factors and socio-economic factors adopted from a similar study ( 16 ) and copying strategies of food insecurity measured using the coping strategies index ( 17 ).To assess the level of food insecurity, the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) ( 18 ) was used. The full questionnaire is as seen in Supplementary File 1. The questionnaire, however, was pretested in a non-participant but similar population and iteratively modified based on the feedback obtained. The dependent variable for the study is household food security. According to Coates, Swindale and Bilinsky ( 18 ), the prevalence of food insecurity is calculated based on responses to HFIAS nine questions measured on a three-point Likert scale: rarely ( 1 ), sometime ( 2 ), and frequently ( 3 ). Four levels of house food insecurity (access) are distinguished by the HFIAP indicator: food secure, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure, and severely food insecure. The tool is scored with a range of 0 to 27, which can be used to derive the severity of food insecurity and the overall prevalence of food insecurity. The scores of 0–1, 2–7, 8–14, and 15–27 indicated food security, mild food insecurity, moderate food insecurity, and severe food insecurity respectively ( 19 ). Households are classified as food insecure to an increasing degree when they exhibit a greater frequency of experiencing severe situations or respond favorably to such conditions. The independent variables are the socio-demographic characteristics, sociocultural factors, and coping strategies adapted for food insecurity. The demographic factors, and social cultural factors were measured as simple frequencies and proportions based on responses from the participants. The questions were adapted from previous studies ( 16 ) and modified to suit the local context of Moroto district. The copying strategies for food insecurity were measured using the coping strategies index ( 17 ). This tool consists of 12 questions structured into four sections: dietary change (one question), increase short-term food availability (five questions), decrease numbers of people (two questions), and rationing strategies (five questions). These were measured as frequencies and proportions from responses obtained. Data management and statistical analysis Raw data from the kobo collect was reviewed daily by the research assistants and the principal investigator to ensure validity of the data. Data was then exported to the statistical product for social sciences (SPSS) software version 29 for statistical analyses. Descriptive analysis was performed through running means, standard deviations and/or median for numerical data, whereas categorical data was summarized and presented as simple frequencies and proportions presented in frequency distribution tables. Then bivariate analysis was carried out to evaluate associations between food security and the independent variables using the Pearson Chi-square test. Independent variables associated with food security status were set at p < 0.2. Finally, for the variables identified to have p < 0.05 with food security at bivariate level and any other plausible variables from literature were run into an adjusted multivariate model to cater for confounding and interaction effects. Here, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed after careful assessment of the underlying assumptions were assessed. The backward elimination of forward selection was employed. Results were reported as coefficients, corresponding 95% confidence interval and p values p < 0.05. Ethical Approval and Informed Consent The study strictly followed guidelines for responsible conduct of research as outlined in the declaration of Helsinki of 1964 ( 20 ). The study protocol was approved by the Lira University Research and Ethics Committee with a permission number. Before conducting interviews, informed consent was administered to all eligible participants carefully explaining the objectives, study procedures, risk and benefits involved with the study in the local language (N’gakarimojong). Results Socio-demographic factors Socio-demographic results as seen in Table 1 shows that majority of the respondents 472(63.4%) were female, and 606(81.4%) in a marital relationship. The median age of the respondents was 26 years with an interquartile range of 7 years, but with no formal education 471(63.3%). Over half of the households 399(53.6%) had 4 to 6 members, and majorly earned an estimated 10,000 to 100,000 Ugandan shillings (approximately 2.6 to 26.3 USD) monthly 570(76.6%). Most of the respondents 357(47.9%) reported that they were not employed. Finally, in Table 1 it indicates the sex (p = 0.126), marital status (p = 0.150), level of education (p < 0.001), household size (p = 0.007), source of income (p = 0.001) and estimated monthly income (p = 0.004) were all associated with the status of food insecurity. Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of youths (18 to 30 years) in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda (n = 744) Characteristic Frequency (%) Food insecurity status X 2 (DF) P-value Moderate n(%) Severe n(%) Age (years) 18–24 292(39.25) 37(35.58) 225(39.84) 0.683( 1 ) 0.409 25–30 452(60.75) 67(64.42) 385(60.16) Sex Female 472(63.4) 59(56.73) 413(64.53) 2.347( 1 ) 0.126* Male 272(36.6) 45(43.27) 227(35.47) Marital status Not in a marital relationship 138(18.6) 14(13.46) 124(19.38) 2.071( 1 ) 0.150* In a marital relationship 606(81.4) 90(86.54) 516(80.63) Religion Anglican 36(4.8) 6(5.77) 30(4.69) 1.192( 3 ) 0.755 Catholic 702(94.4) 98(94.23) 604(94.38) Muslim 3(0.4) 0(0) 3(0.47) Others 3(0.4) 0(0) 3(0.47) Highest level of education No formal education 471(63.3) 53(50.96) 418(65.31) 18.877( 3 ) < 0.001* Primary 199(26.8) 30(28.85) 169(26.41) Secondary 57(7.7) 14(13.46) 43(6.72) Tertiary 17(2.3) 7(6.73) 10(1.56) Household size 1–3 133(17.9) 30(28.85) 103(16.09) 9.938( 2 ) 0.007* 4–6 399(53.6) 49(47.12) 350(54.69) > 6 212(28.5) 25(24.04) 187(29.22) Main source of income Farmer 176(23.6) 33(31.73) 142(22.19) 16.601( 3 ) 0.001* Business 210(28.2) 40(38.46) 170(26.56) Formal employment 2(0.3) 0(0) 2(0.31) No employment 357(47.9) 31(29.81) 326(50.94) Estimated monthly income (Ugx) < 10,000 93(12.5) 7(6.73) 86(13.44) 11.055( 2 ) 0.004* 10,000-100,000 570(76.6) 77(74.04) 493(77.03) > 100,000 81(10.9) 20(19.23) 61(9.53) X denotes Pearson Chi-square; DF denotes Degrees of Freedom; *denotes significant p-value Prevalence of food security The overall mean insecurity score was 18.39 with a standard deviation of 4.11. The prevalence of food security among youths of 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, shows that there were no food secure households, and all the households were either moderately food insecure 104(13.98%) or severely food insecure 640(86.02%) as seen in Fig. 1 . Sociocultural factors related to Food security The results in Table 2 indicate the different sociocultural factors related to food security status. It is clear that most of the participants 590 (79.3%) had access to food markets and 447 (60.1%) reported that food prices were favorable. However, approximately half of the respondents, 376 (50.5%) did not have access to agricultural extension services. This study shows that, the majority of the respondents 616 (82.8%) engaged in domestic food production and 571 (76.8%) had backyard gardens. However, most of the respondents 666 (89.5%) reported that they did not have access to the irrigation system to support crop production. In addition, 534(71.8%) of respondents reported that men are engaged into household production activities, and 548 (73.7%) are responsible for food provision at home. Lastly, respondents 627(84.3%) did not report any common food taboos. Table 2 Sociocultural factors related to food security status among youths 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda (n = 744) Sociocultural variables Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Food markets accessible No 154 20.7 Yes 590 79.3 Extension services in place No 376 50.5 Yes 368 49.5 Access to irrigation system No 666 89.5 Yes 78 10.5 Market food prices favorable No 297 39.9 Yes 447 60.1 Engage in domestic food production No 128 17.2 Yes 616 82.8 Have backyard garden No 173 23.3 Yes 571 76.8 There are cultural beliefs about common foods No 592 79.6 Yes 152 20.4 Men engaged in household food production No 210 28.2 Yes 534 71.8 Responsible for food provision at home Man 548 73.7 Woman 69 9.3 Both 127 17.1 Any food taboos for common foods No 627 84.3 Yes 117 15.7 Coping strategies for food insecurity Table 3 shows the different coping strategies that youths in Moroto employed while faced with food insecurity. The coping strategies for food insecurity in Table 3 shows that 647 (87.0%) relied on less preferred and less expensive foods 558 (75.0%), borrowed food from a neighbor or friend and 517 (69.5%), purchased food on credit. Interestingly, more than half of participants 505 (67.9%) gathered wild food, hunted or harvested immature crops and, 465(62.5%) consumed food stock meant for planting in the next season as a coping mechanism. A big proportion of respondents 467(62.8%) reportedly sent children to neighbors during time for eating, 604(81.2%) limited portion sizes of the food consumed, and 615 (82.7%) and restricted the consumption of adults to ensure that there is enough food for children to eat. Lastly, 523 (70.3%) of the respondents skipped an entire day without eating, and 627(84.3%) reduced the number of meals in a day. Table 3 Coping strategies for youths aged 18 to 30 years faced with food scarcity in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda (n = 744) Coping strategies Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Rely on less preferred and less expensive foods No 97 13.0 Yes 647 87.0 Borrow food from a friend or relative No 186 25.0 Yes 558 75.0 Purchase food on credit No 227 30.5 Yes 517 69.5 Gather wild food, hunt, or harvest immature crops No 239 32.1 Yes 505 67.9 Consume seed stock held for next season No 279 37.5 Yes 465 62.5 Send children to eat with neighbors No 277 37.2 Yes 467 62.8 Send household members to beg No 552 74.2 Yes 192 25.8 Limit portion size at mealtime No 140 18.8 Yes 604 81.2 Restrict consumption by adults in order for small children to eat No 129 17.3 Yes 615 82.7 Feed household working members instead of non-working ones No 510 68.6 Yes 234 31.4 Reduce number of meals eaten in a day No 117 15.7 Yes 627 84.3 Skip entire days without eating No 221 29.7 Yes 523 70.3 Sociocultural factors and Coping strategies associated with Food Security status The sociocultural factors included presence of agricultural extension services (p < 0.001), market food prices favorable (p = 0.160), males engaging in domestic food production (p = 0.099), having a backyard garden (p = 0.005), cultural beliefs about common foods (p = 0.002), responsibility for food provision at home (p = 0.041), and any food taboos for common foods (p < 0.001) as presented in Table 4 . The coping strategies associated were borrowing food from a friend or relative (p < 0.001), purchase of food on credit (p = 0.150), sending children to eat with neighbors (p = 0.025), limiting portion size at meal time (p = 0.044), restricting consumption for adults in order for small children to eat (p = 0.026), and skipping entire day without eating (p = 0.010) as shown in Table 4 . Table 4 Sociocultural factors and Coping strategies associated with food security situation among youths 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda Sociodemographic factors Food Insecurity status Chi-Square (DF) P-value Moderate n(%) Severe n(%) Food markets accessible No 21(20.19) 133(20.78) 0.019( 1 ) 0.891 Yes 83(79.81) 507(79.22) Extension services in place No 33(31.73) 343(53.59) 17.108( 1 ) < 0.001* Yes 71(68.27) 297(46.41) Access to irrigation system No 95(91.35) 571(89.22) 0.431( 1 ) 0.511 Yes 9(8.65) 69(10.78) Market food prices favorable No 35(33.65) 262(40.94) 1.979( 1 ) 0.160* Yes 69(66.35) 378(59.06) Engage in domestic food production No 12(11.54) 116(18.13) 2.725( 1 ) 0.099* Yes 92(88.46) 534(81.88) Have backyard garden No 13(12.50) 160(25.00) 7.833( 1 ) 0.005* Yes 91(87.50) 480(75.00) There are cultural beliefs about common foods No 71(68.27) 521(81.41) 9.498( 1 ) 0.002* Yes 33(31.73) 119(18.59) Men engaged in household food production No 30(28.85) 180(28.13) 0.023( 1 ) 0.880 Yes 74(71.15) 460(71.88) Responsible for food provision at home Man 75(72.12) 473(73.91) 6.385( 2 ) 0.041* Woman 16(15.38) 53(8.28) Both 13(12.50) 114(17.81) Any food taboos for common foods No 74(71.15) 553(86.41) 15.704( 1 ) < 0.001* Yes 30(28.85) 87(13.59) Coping strategies Rely on less preferred foods No 13(12.50) 84(13.13) 0.031( 1 ) 0.861 Yes 91(87.50) 556(86.88) Borrow food from a friend/relative No 42(40.38) 144(22.50) 15.262( 1 ) < 0.001* Yes 62(59.62) 496(77.50) Purchase food on credit No 38(36.54) 189(29.53) 2.072( 1 ) 0.150* Yes 66(63.46) 451(70.47) Send children to eat with neighbors No 49(47.12) 228(35.63) 5.054( 1 ) 0.025* Yes 55(52.88) 412(64.38) Limit portion size at mealtime No 27(25.96) 113(17.66) 4.040( 1 ) 0.044* Yes 77(74.04) 527(82.34) Restrict consumption by adults No 26(25.00) 103(16.09) 4.951( 1 ) 0.026* Yes 78(75.00) 537(83.91) Reduce number of meals per day No 23(22.12) 94(14.69) 3.725( 1 ) 0.054 Yes 81(77.88) 546(85.31) Skip entire days without eating No 42(40.38) 179(27.97) 6.605( 1 ) 0.010* Yes 62(59.62) 461(72.03) Multivariate analysis The binary logistic regression analysis in Table 5 indicates the youths with tertiary education level had decreased odds of being severely food insecure by 81.3% as compared to none formal education (AOR: 0.187, 95% CI: 0.049–0.722). Having agricultural extension services in place decreased the odds of suffering from severe food insecurity by 65.9% compared to having no extension services (AOR: 0.341, 95% CI: 0.201–0.576), and a backyard garden at the household decreased the odds of suffering from severe food insecurity by 52% as compared to having no backyard garden (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.247–0.934). Presence of common food taboos for common foods decreased the odds of severe food insecurity by 52% compared to absence of common food taboos (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.279–0.825). Lastly, borrowing food from relatives or friends increased the odds of severe food insecurity by more than 3-folds (AOR: 3.858, 95% CI: 2.250–6.615). Table 5 Multivariate analysis for factors associated with food security among youths of 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda Food Security Crude Odds ratio (95% CI) P-value Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) P-value Highest level of education No formal education Ref Ref Primary 0.714(0.441–1.157) 0.171 0.788(0.467–1.331) 0.374 Secondary 0.389(0.199–0.759) 0.006* 0.571(0.273–1.195) 0.137 Tertiary 0.181(0.066–0.496) 0.001* 0.187(0.049–0.722) 0.015* Household size 1–3 Ref Ref 4–6 2.080(1.256–3.446) 0.004* 1.527(0.860–2.711) 0.148 > 6 2.179(1.217–3.902) 0.009* 1.374(0.715–2.638) 0.340 Main source of income Farmer Ref Ref Business 0.988(0.592–1.648) 0.962 0.837(0.462–1.514) 0.557 Formal employment 1.00 - 1.00 - No employment 2.444(1.441–4.145) 0.001* 1.711(0.965–3.034) 0.066 Extension services in place No Ref Ref Yes 0.402(0.259–0.626) < 0.001* 0.341(0.201–0.576) < 0.001* Have backyard garden No Ref Ref Yes 0.429(0.233–0.787) 0.006* 0.480(0.247–0.934) 0.031* Any food taboos for common foods No Ref Ref Yes 0.388(0.240–0.628) < 0.001* 0.480(0.279–0.825) 0.008* Borrow food from a friend or relative No Ref Ref Yes 2.333(1.513–3.599) < 0.001* 3.858(2.250–6.615) < 0.001* CI = confidence interval, Ref = reference category Discussion The findings of this study highlight a critical situation in Moroto district, where no households were classified as food secure. All households experienced some level of food insecurity, with the majority being severely food insecure (86.02%), while 13.98% were moderately insecure. This clearly shows the severe and widespread nature of food insecurity in the region. These results are particularly alarming when compared with food insecurity rates in other regions, emphasizing the extreme vulnerability of households in Moroto. Several factors may explain this high level of insecurity, including recurrent droughts and limited access to food markets, which together exacerbate food shortages and reduce food availability. Different studies have highlighted varying levels of food insecurity in developing countries. The level reported is higher than 2 to 5.9% in Australia ( 21 ), and 56.3% in Bangladesh ( 22 ). Additionally, it is higher than the reported 41.9% among student respondents in Uganda ( 23 ). This further reinforces the notion that food insecurity is still a pervasive global challenge but with variations in geographies and demographic factors ( 24 ).In Moroto, the situation is poor especially for younger populations, who are particularly vulnerable to the effects of food insecurity. The stark difference in food insecurity rates across various regions and age groups emphasizes the need for targeted interventions that address the unique challenges faced by adolescents and young adults in highly food-insecure regions like Moroto. From this study it is clearly that the level of education, household size, main source of income, presence of extension services, having a backyard garden, common food taboos and borrowing food from a relative or friend were associated with the food security status. Youth with tertiary education were 81.3% less likely to be severely food insecure compared to those without formal education (AOR: 0.187, 95% CI: 0.049–0.722, p = 0.015). This suggests that higher educational attainment plays a key role in improving financial stability, increasing access to food, and enhancing knowledge of nutrition and food management. This finding aligns with research from South Wales, which also noted that women, often with lower educational levels, are more likely to experience food insecurity due to traditional gender roles and sacrifices made to feed their families ( 21 ). In addition, cultural beliefs and socio-economic factors such as low income and single parenthood further exacerbate food insecurity ( 25 , 26 ). The study underscores the importance of educational policies and interventions aimed at improving educational attainment among youth to enhance food security and overall well-being in Moroto district. The study also found out that access to agricultural extension services decreased the odds of severe food insecurity by 65.9% (AOR: 0.341, 95% CI: 0.201–0.576, p < 0.001). Extension services play a vital role in equipping farmers with modern agricultural practices, improving crop yields, and increasing food production. This result is consistent with findings from ( 27 ), who reported that young farmers with access to extension services were more likely to be food secure. Similar observations were made by ( 28 ), who noted that access to extension services significantly contributes to the resilience of households to food insecurity. Moreover, this aligns with the ( 29 ) study, which highlighted the importance of agricultural support services in improving food security outcomes. The implication of this study highlights the need for policies that expand and strengthen agricultural extension services to reduce food insecurity, particularly in rural areas where such services are often lacking. This study confirmed that, households with backyard gardens had a 52% reduced likelihood of being severely food insecure (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.247–0.934, p = 0.031). Backyard gardening provides a direct and reliable source of nutritious food, reducing dependence on market-bought food and improving household food diversity. This result aligns with findings from studies indicating that household-level food production significantly enhances food security. For example, a study by ( 30 ) found that urban households with kitchen gardens were more likely to be food secure due to the consistent supply of vegetables and fruits. Similarly, research by ( 31 ) highlighted the role of small-scale food production in increasing household resilience to food insecurity. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting backyard gardening initiatives as a sustainable approach to improving food security, particularly in resource-limited settings. Interestingly, the presence of food taboos reduced the odds of severe food insecurity by 52% (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.279–0.825, p = 0.008). This counterintuitive result could be attributed to the role of cultural practices in promoting dietary diversity and resource conservation. Similar findings were reported by ( 25 )who highlighted the influence of cultural beliefs on food choices and security. Similarly, ( 32 ) noted that cultural norms, including food taboos, shape dietary patterns and food security status. These results imply that while food taboos might seem restrictive, they can positively influence food security by promoting dietary diversity and resource conservation. Thus, understanding and incorporating these cultural nuances into food security strategies could enhance their effectiveness. Lastly, borrowing food from relatives or friends was associated with a more than three-fold increase in the odds of severe food insecurity (AOR: 3.858, 95% CI: 2.250–6.615, p < 0.001). This reflects the high level of food insecurity faced by households reliant on such coping strategies, as borrowing is not sustainable and often signals deeper economic distress. Similar results were found by ( 30 ), who noted that while social networks provide temporary relief, they are not long-term solutions to food insecurity. Sustainable interventions focusing on income generation and food production would be more effective in addressing the root causes of severe food insecurity in Moroto. Conclusion This study revealed that all households in the region are food insecure, with nine in 10 facing severe food insecurity. This highlights an alarming crisis in the region, which is in contrast with food insecurity rates in other regions and demographics. A range of factors including education level, presence of extension services, household backyard gardens, food taboos and borrowing food from friends and relatives were associated with the food security status of youths. Addressing these factors requires a multi-faceted approach, including improving agricultural practices, enhancing educational opportunities, supporting home gardening, and providing targeted food assistance. Understanding the dynamics of food insecurity in this context is essential for developing effective strategies such as developing policies that expand agricultural extension services to reach all rural areas in Moroto district which would improve the nutritional status and overall well-being of the population. Declarations Ethical approval and accordance This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki’ and to this effect, formal clearance and approval to conduct the study was obtained from Lira University Research Ethics Committee (LUREC), with the approval number LUREC -2023-044. Consent to participate Before conducting interviews, informed consent was administered to all eligible participants carefully explaining the objectives, study procedures, risk and benefits involved with the study in the local language (N’gakarimojong). Clinical trial number Not applicable Availability of data The data and other materials used are available with a reasonable request from the corresponding authors at [email protected] Competing interests None Funding None Authors’ contributions Both authors, JA and BA contributed tremendously to this study. However, JA conceptualized the study, and both authors contributed to the design of the study, data collection, data management and analysis. JA, BA and FO contributed in manuscript writing and revision to its current format. Acknowledgements We wish to acknowledge our study participants for allowing to participate in this study. Also, we wish to thank the Faculty of Public Health, Lira University for the guidance and support they provided during this study. We would finally like to acknowledge Mr. Rubangakene Damasco who helped with the production of the map of Moroto district and the study sub-counties within the district. References Santos MP, Brewer JD, Lopez MA, Paz-Soldan VA, Chaparro MP. Determinants of food insecurity among households with children in Villa el Salvador, Lima, Peru: the role of gender and employment, a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):717. Drobotya Y, Baldzhy M, Pecheniuk A, Savelchuk I, Hryhorenko D, Kulinich T. Overcoming poverty and social inequality in Third World countries (Latin America, Africa). IJCSNS Int J Comput Sci Netw Secur. 2021;21(3):295–303. WFP. Threats to Uganda’s food security in 2023 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 25]. Available from: https://eprcug.org/eprc-highlights/threats-to-ugandas-food-security-in-2023/#:~:text=As of January 9%2C 2023,last three months of 2022. Integrated Food Security Phase Classification. Uganda [Karamoja Region]: IPC Food Security & Nutrition Snapshot [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Oct 25]. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/uganda-karamoja-region-ipc-food-security-nutrition-snapshot-march-july-2022-published-may-31-2022 Giller KE. The food security conundrum of sub-Saharan Africa. Glob Food Secur. 2020;26:100431. Larson N, Laska MN, Neumark-Sztainer D. Food insecurity, diet quality, home food availability, and health risk behaviors among emerging adults: findings from the EAT 2010–2018 study. Am J Public Health. 2020;110(9):1422–8. Placzek O. Socio-economic and demographic aspects of food security and nutrition. 2021. Feighery J, Ingram P, Redding S. Intersections of Youth & Food Security. 2011. Montas D. Welthungerhilfe.de - Für eine Welt ohne Hunger und Armut. 2024 [cited 2024 Oct 7]. How Youths can Act as Catalysts in Food Systems Transformation. Available from: https://www.welthungerhilfe.org/global-food-journal/rubrics/agricultural-food-policy/youths-as-catalysts-in-food-systems-transformation Ambad S. Food Insecurity: Exploring the Challenges Faces by Youth Agropreneur. Sylvia Nabila Azwa; 2024. Ghimire D. Food security and nutrition: a youth perspective [Internet]. CliM’Blog. 2017 [cited 2024 Oct 7]. Available from: https://studentclimates.wordpress.com/2017/11/24/food-security-nutrition-youth-perspective/ Setia MS. Methodology Series Module 3: Cross-sectional Studies. Indian J Dermatol. 2016;61(3):261–4. Moroto District. In: Wikipedia [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Oct 25]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moroto_District&oldid=1070970558 Kish L. Survey sampling. new york: John wesley & sons. Am Polit Sci Rev. 1965;59(4):1025. Demilew YM, Alem AT. Food security is not the only solution to prevent under-nutrition among 6–59 months old children in Western Amhara region, Ethiopia. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1):7. Nantale G, Tumwesigye N, Kiwanuka N, Kajjura R. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Food Insecurity among Women Aged 18–49 Years in Kampala Slums Uganda; A Mixed Methods Study. J Food Secur. 2017;5:120–8. Maxwell D, Caldwell R. The Coping Strategies Index : Field Methods Manual - Second Edition. 2008. Coates J, Swindale A, Bilinsky P. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access: Indicator Guide: Version 3: (576842013-001) [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2023 Nov 10]. Available from: http://doi.apa.org/get-pe-doi.cfm?doi=10.1037/e576842013-001 Mohammadi F, Omidvar N, Houshiar-Rad A, Khoshfetrat MR, Abdollahi M, Mehrabi Y. Validity of an adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale in urban households in Iran. Public Health Nutr. 2012;15(1):149–57. World Medical Association. WMA - The World Medical Association-WMA Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 10]. Available from: https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/ Drakoulidou P, Drayton B, Shepherd L, Mihrshahi S. Sociodemographic factors associated with food insecurity: data from the 2003–2014 New South Wales Population Health Survey. Public Health Nutr. 2020;23(11):1857–67. Yasmin SMT, Yasmin SMT, Sultan S, Hong SA. Prevalence of adolescent-reported food insecurity and the determinants including coping strategies living in urban slum communities of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. 2023. Kent K, Visentin D, Peterson C, Ayre I, Elliott C, Primo C, et al. Severity of food insecurity among Australian University Students, professional and academic staff. Nutrients. 2022;14(19):3956. Wahbeh S, Anastasiadis F, Sundarakani B, Manikas I. Exploration of Food Security Challenges towards More Sustainable Food Production: A Systematic Literature Review of the Major Drivers and Policies. Foods. 2022;11(23):3804. Osei-Kwasi H, Mohindra A, Booth A, Laar A, Wanjohi M, Graham F, et al. Factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa: a systematic mapping review. Public Health Nutr. 2020;23(14):2584–601. Placzek O. Socio-economic and demographic aspects of food security and nutrition [Internet]. Paris: OECD; 2021 Feb [cited 2023 Nov 10]. Available from: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/agriculture-and-food/socio-economic-and-demographic-aspects-of-food-security-and-nutrition_49d7059f-en Adeyanju D, Mburu J, Gituro W, Chumo C, Mignouna D, Ogunniyi A, et al. Assessing food security among young farmers in Africa: evidence from Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda. Agric Food Econ. 2023;11(1):4. Gebre GG, Amekawa Y, Rahut DB. Improved maize technology adoption and its intensity among male- and female-headed households in Dawuro zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Gend Technol Dev. 2023;27(1):42–59. Pawlak K, Kołodziejczak M. The Role of Agriculture in Ensuring Food Security in Developing Countries: Considerations in the Context of the Problem of Sustainable Food Production. Sustainability. 2020;12(13):5488. Huho J, Muriuki M. Enhancing food security through home gardening in urbanizing environment in Machakos County, Kenya. Int J Res Bus Soc Sci. 2021;10:2147–4478. Gebre GG, Rahut DB. Prevalence of household food insecurity in East Africa: Linking food access with climate vulnerability. Clim Risk Manag. 2021;33:100333. Monterrosa EC, Frongillo EA, Drewnowski A, de Pee S, Vandevijvere S. Sociocultural Influences on Food Choices and Implications for Sustainable Healthy Diets. Food Nutr Bull. 2020;41(2suppl):S59–73. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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(n=744)\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8123017/v1/8737aec7e7b9cee10d332d06.png\"},{\"id\":98432509,\"identity\":\"d208049b-f764-437b-b831-f03485b931c3\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:49:38\",\"extension\":\"jpg\",\"order_by\":2,\"title\":\"Figure 2\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":112542,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eMap of Moroto district showing the sub-counties where data was collected from\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"2.jpg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8123017/v1/db0acd6e34bc2211660d54cf.jpg\"},{\"id\":107595555,\"identity\":\"1b786723-eeab-492c-b4f6-0b436825033a\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2026-04-23 04:55:27\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":1696708,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8123017/v1/3e311f75-7f5e-477d-bd01-eb4df5a29dbe.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Prevalence and factors associated with food security status amongst youths of 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"Introduction\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eGlobally, nearly two billion people face moderate to severe food insecurity, and over 820\\u0026nbsp;million people experience hunger(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e). Food insecurity remains a significant obstacle to a stable livelihood in developing countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, about 30% of the population experienced severe food insecurity in 2020, and 37% reported moderate food insecurity in the same period, with a total of 724\\u0026nbsp;million affected (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR2\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e). According to the World Food Programme (WFP), Uganda, specifically, has been hit hard by food insecurity, with 16.4\\u0026nbsp;million people consuming insufficient food as of January 2023, representing an increase of 1.2\\u0026nbsp;million since late 2022 (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR3\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e). The Karamoja region is particularly affected, with 41% of the population experiencing severe acute food insecurity (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eWhile food insecurity has been widely studied, most research has focused on households as a whole, often overlooking the specific challenges faced by the youth(\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR6\\\" citationid=\\\"CR5\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR7\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e7\\u003c/span\\u003e). Despite youths being crucial to the future agricultural productivity, their adaptability and innovative potential are frequently marginalized in policies and frameworks addressing food insecurity (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR8\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e8\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR9\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e9\\u003c/span\\u003e). Factors such as limited access to agricultural land, lack of modern farming technologies, and insufficient youth-friendly policies present significant barriers to achieving food security among the youth (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR10\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e10\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR11\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e11\\u003c/span\\u003e). In Uganda\\u0026rsquo;s Karamoja region, specifically in Moroto district, there is a paucity of data documenting the drivers and extent of food insecurity among youths, hindering the development of targeted interventions.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eAddressing food insecurity among youth is crucial to achieving sustainable development goals, particularly SDG 2, which aims to eliminate hunger, promote sustainable agriculture, and ensure food security by 2023. Youth in the Karamoja region constitute about 35% of the population (moroto.go.ug), and their inclusion in food security discussions is essential for both the short- and long-term stability of the region. Understanding the specific barriers that youth face in achieving food security can lead to better-targeted policies and interventions, ensuring their meaningful contribution to sustainable agricultural practices and improved livelihoods.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eHowever, the lack of understanding in this area impedes the development and execution of efficacious policies and interventions aimed at resolving the food security issues that young people in the area face. To guarantee that youth are consistently included in discussions on food security, this study empirically investigated the extent and determinants of food insecurity among youth in Moroto district, Karamoja region. By identifying the specific factors contributing to food insecurity among youth, the study provided actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to develop and implement effective strategies that reduce food insecurity and enhance youth participation in sustainable agricultural practices.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Methods\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec3\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eStudy design and settings\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThis study utilized an analytical cross-sectional design. This design allowed measurement outcome of interest and associated factors at a single point in time (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR12\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e12\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe study was carried out in the Moroto district, situated in the Karamoja sub-region of Uganda's northern area. The district was selected because it is at phase three of severe food insecurity (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e). Moroto district is bordered by Kaabong District to the north, Kenya to the east, Amudat District to the south, Nakapiripirit District to the southwest, Napak District to the west, and Kotido District to the northwest. Moroto Town, where the district headquarters is, is at the foot of Mt. Moroto. The town is approximately 213 kilometres, by road, northeast of Mbale, the nearest large city (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR13\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e13\\u003c/span\\u003e). Moroto district has six sub counties including Katikele, Nadunget, Northern Division, Rupa, South Division, and Tapac (Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig3\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e). According to the 2014 census report, the district had a youth population (18 to 30 years) of 31,826. The predominant rural population of Moroto is engaged in agricultural and livestock-related livelihoods. However, there has been a notable expansion in the variety of varied economic pursuits in recent years, including mining, stone quarrying, and the sale of natural resource products. The region continues to have the highest levels of food insecurity and malnutrition in Uganda as a result of several reasons, including limited food access, lack of dietary diversification, and poverty. All the nine districts of Karamoja were in the acute food security (AFS) phase three among more than 41% of the population (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eStudy participants and eligibility\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe study was conducted among youths aged 18 to 30 years living in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda. These were selected within households and must had been residents for the past one year before the survey. Participation into the study was also based on provision of an informed consent. All youths that were mentally incapacitated to provide valid data, through behavioral observations and reference to the ability to perform daily tasks and make informed decisions were excluded from participation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eSampling and sample size estimation\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eCluster multistage sampling was used to recruit participants into the study. Using a simple random sampling method, two sub counties out of the six were selected by writing the names of sub counties on small pieces of paper then randomly selecting two without replacement. Again, simple random sampling of two parishes in each selected sub county was selected, generating a total of four parishes. From the parishes, only youths (18 to 30 years) and household heads were considered. Lists of these households from each village were requested from the Local council two chairpersons and these were the sampling frames. Number of households selected from each parish were proportionate to the population size of the parish. A skip interval computed as below was utilized to select homes from each parish in a systematic random sampling strategy\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Equa\\\" class=\\\"Equation\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv format=\\\"TEX\\\" class=\\\"mathdisplay\\\" id=\\\"FileID_Equa\\\" name=\\\"EquationSource\\\"\\u003e\\n$$\\\\:{K}^{th}=N/n$$\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eWhere K is the skip interval, N is the sampling frame for a specific village and n is the number of households required from the given village. The first position (K1) was selected through a simple random sampling technique.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe sample size for this study was estimated using the Kish Leslie formula for cross-sectional studies (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR14\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e14\\u003c/span\\u003e), which is as follows:\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Equb\\\" class=\\\"Equation\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv format=\\\"TEX\\\" class=\\\"mathdisplay\\\" id=\\\"FileID_Equb\\\" name=\\\"EquationSource\\\"\\u003e\\n$$\\\\:{n}_{o}={Z}^{2}*p(1-p)/{Z}^{2}$$\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eWhere Z is the standard score at 95% confidence interval (Z\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;1.96), n\\u003csub\\u003eo\\u003c/sub\\u003e being minimum sample size, p is the level of food security in Karamoja region of 41% (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e), while e the margin of error of 5% at 95% confidence interval.\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Equc\\\" class=\\\"Equation\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv format=\\\"TEX\\\" class=\\\"mathdisplay\\\" id=\\\"FileID_Equc\\\" name=\\\"EquationSource\\\"\\u003e\\n$$\\\\:n={1.96}^{2}*0.41(1-0.41)/{0.05}^{2}=372$$\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eTo cater for the systematic error that could have been introduced due to inter-cluster variations introduced when we clustered at sub county level, a design effect of 2.0 was applied based on a previous related study in Ethiopia (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR15\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e15\\u003c/span\\u003e). Hence, we obtained the overall minimum sample of 744 respondents as follows:\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Equd\\\" class=\\\"Equation\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv format=\\\"TEX\\\" class=\\\"mathdisplay\\\" id=\\\"FileID_Equd\\\" name=\\\"EquationSource\\\"\\u003e\\n$$\\\\:n={12*n}_{o}$$\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Eque\\\" class=\\\"Equation\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv format=\\\"TEX\\\" class=\\\"mathdisplay\\\" id=\\\"FileID_Eque\\\" name=\\\"EquationSource\\\"\\u003e\\n$$\\\\:n=2*372$$\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\"InlineEquation\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\"mathinline\\\"\\u003e\\\\(\\\\:n=744\\\\)\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003eRespondents\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eData collection and study variables\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis study used a structured questionnaire administered through face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants, using the Kobo collect applications installed on smartphones. The questionnaire consisted of demographic factors and socio-economic factors adopted from a similar study (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR16\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e16\\u003c/span\\u003e) and copying strategies of food insecurity measured using the coping strategies index (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR17\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e17\\u003c/span\\u003e).To assess the level of food insecurity, the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR18\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e18\\u003c/span\\u003e) was used. The full questionnaire is as seen in Supplementary File 1. The questionnaire, however, was pretested in a non-participant but similar population and iteratively modified based on the feedback obtained.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe dependent variable for the study is household food security. According to Coates, Swindale and Bilinsky (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR18\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e18\\u003c/span\\u003e), the prevalence of food insecurity is calculated based on responses to HFIAS nine questions measured on a three-point Likert scale: rarely (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e), sometime (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR2\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e), and frequently (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR3\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e). Four levels of house food insecurity (access) are distinguished by the HFIAP indicator: food secure, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure, and severely food insecure. The tool is scored with a range of 0 to 27, which can be used to derive the severity of food insecurity and the overall prevalence of food insecurity. The scores of 0\\u0026ndash;1, 2\\u0026ndash;7, 8\\u0026ndash;14, and 15\\u0026ndash;27 indicated food security, mild food insecurity, moderate food insecurity, and severe food insecurity respectively (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR19\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e19\\u003c/span\\u003e). Households are classified as food insecure to an increasing degree when they exhibit a greater frequency of experiencing severe situations or respond favorably to such conditions.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe independent variables are the socio-demographic characteristics, sociocultural factors, and coping strategies adapted for food insecurity. The demographic factors, and social cultural factors were measured as simple frequencies and proportions based on responses from the participants. The questions were adapted from previous studies (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR16\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e16\\u003c/span\\u003e) and modified to suit the local context of Moroto district.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe copying strategies for food insecurity were measured using the coping strategies index (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR17\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e17\\u003c/span\\u003e). This tool consists of 12 questions structured into four sections: dietary change (one question), increase short-term food availability (five questions), decrease numbers of people (two questions), and rationing strategies (five questions). These were measured as frequencies and proportions from responses obtained.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eData management and statistical analysis\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eRaw data from the kobo collect was reviewed daily by the research assistants and the principal investigator to ensure validity of the data. Data was then exported to the statistical product for social sciences (SPSS) software version 29 for statistical analyses.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eDescriptive analysis was performed through running means, standard deviations and/or median for numerical data, whereas categorical data was summarized and presented as simple frequencies and proportions presented in frequency distribution tables.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThen bivariate analysis was carried out to evaluate associations between food security and the independent variables using the Pearson Chi-square test. Independent variables associated with food security status were set at p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.2.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFinally, for the variables identified to have p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.05 with food security at bivariate level and any other plausible variables from literature were run into an adjusted multivariate model to cater for confounding and interaction effects. Here, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed after careful assessment of the underlying assumptions were assessed. The backward elimination of forward selection was employed. Results were reported as coefficients, corresponding 95% confidence interval and p values p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.05.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eEthical Approval\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eand Informed Consent\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe study strictly followed guidelines for responsible conduct of research as outlined in the declaration of Helsinki of 1964 (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR20\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e20\\u003c/span\\u003e). The study protocol was approved by the Lira University Research and Ethics Committee with a permission number. Before conducting interviews, informed consent was administered to all eligible participants carefully explaining the objectives, study procedures, risk and benefits involved with the study in the local language (N\\u0026rsquo;gakarimojong).\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Results\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec9\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eSocio-demographic factors\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eSocio-demographic results as seen in Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e shows that majority of the respondents 472(63.4%) were female, and 606(81.4%) in a marital relationship. The median age of the respondents was 26 years with an interquartile range of 7 years, but with no formal education 471(63.3%). Over half of the households 399(53.6%) had 4 to 6 members, and majorly earned an estimated 10,000 to 100,000 Ugandan shillings (approximately 2.6 to 26.3 USD) monthly 570(76.6%). Most of the respondents 357(47.9%) reported that they were not employed. Finally, in Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e it indicates the sex (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.126), marital status (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.150), level of education (p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001), household size (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.007), source of income (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.001) and estimated monthly income (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.004) were all associated with the status of food insecurity.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab1\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 1\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics of youths (18 to 30 years) in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;744)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/caption\\u003e\\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\" colnum=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cthead\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eCharacteristic\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c4\\\" namest=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFood insecurity status\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eX\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e(DF)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eP-value\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eModerate n(%)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eSevere n(%)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eAge (years)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003c/thead\\u003e\\u003ctbody\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e18\\u0026ndash;24\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e292(39.25)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e37(35.58)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e225(39.84)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.683(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.409\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e25\\u0026ndash;30\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e452(60.75)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e67(64.42)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e385(60.16)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eSex\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFemale\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e472(63.4)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e59(56.73)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e413(64.53)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e2.347(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.126*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eMale\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e272(36.6)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e45(43.27)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e227(35.47)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eMarital status\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNot in a marital relationship\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e138(18.6)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e14(13.46)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e124(19.38)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e2.071(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.150*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eIn a marital relationship\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e606(81.4)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e90(86.54)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e516(80.63)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eReligion\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" 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align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eTertiary\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e17(2.3)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e7(6.73)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e10(1.56)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eHousehold 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colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026gt;\\u0026thinsp;6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e212(28.5)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e25(24.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e187(29.22)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eMain source of income\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFarmer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e176(23.6)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e33(31.73)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e142(22.19)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e16.601(\\u003cspan 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colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFormal employment\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e2(0.3)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0(0)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e2(0.31)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo employment\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e357(47.9)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e31(29.81)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e326(50.94)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eEstimated monthly income (Ugx)\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;10,000\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e93(12.5)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e7(6.73)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e86(13.44)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e11.055(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR2\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.004*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e10,000-100,000\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e570(76.6)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e77(74.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e493(77.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026gt;\\u0026thinsp;100,000\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e81(10.9)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e20(19.23)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e61(9.53)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\u003c/colgroup\\u003e\\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eX denotes Pearson Chi-square; DF denotes Degrees of Freedom; *denotes significant p-value\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec11\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003ePrevalence of food security\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe overall mean insecurity score was 18.39 with a standard deviation of 4.11. The prevalence of food security among youths of 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, shows that there were no food secure households, and all the households were either moderately food insecure 104(13.98%) or severely food insecure 640(86.02%) as seen in Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec12\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eSociocultural factors related to Food security\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe results in Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab2\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e indicate the different sociocultural factors related to food security status. It is clear that most of the participants 590 (79.3%) had access to food markets and 447 (60.1%) reported that food prices were favorable. However, approximately half of the respondents, 376 (50.5%) did not have access to agricultural extension services. This study shows that, the majority of the respondents 616 (82.8%) engaged in domestic food production and 571 (76.8%) had backyard gardens. However, most of the respondents 666 (89.5%) reported that they did not have access to the irrigation system to support crop production. In addition, 534(71.8%) of respondents reported that men are engaged into household production activities, and 548 (73.7%) are responsible for food provision at home. Lastly, respondents 627(84.3%) did not report any common food taboos.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab2\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 2\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eSociocultural factors related to food security status among youths 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;744)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/caption\\u003e\\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cthead\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eSociocultural variables\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (n)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFood markets accessible\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003c/thead\\u003e\\u003ctbody\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e154\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e20.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e590\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e79.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eExtension services in place\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e376\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e50.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e368\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e49.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eAccess to irrigation system\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e666\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e89.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e78\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e10.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eMarket food prices favorable\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e297\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e39.9\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e447\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e60.1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eEngage in domestic food production\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e128\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e17.2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e616\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e82.8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eHave backyard garden\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e173\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e23.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e571\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e76.8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eThere are cultural beliefs about common foods\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e592\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e79.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e152\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e20.4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eMen engaged in household food production\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e210\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e28.2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e534\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e71.8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eResponsible for food provision at home\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eMan\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e548\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e73.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eWoman\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e69\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e9.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eBoth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e127\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e17.1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eAny food taboos for common foods\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e627\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e84.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e117\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e15.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\u003c/colgroup\\u003e\\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec13\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eCoping strategies for food insecurity\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eTable\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab3\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e shows the different coping strategies that youths in Moroto employed while faced with food insecurity. The coping strategies for food insecurity in Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab3\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e shows that 647 (87.0%) relied on less preferred and less expensive foods 558 (75.0%), borrowed food from a neighbor or friend and 517 (69.5%), purchased food on credit. Interestingly, more than half of participants 505 (67.9%) gathered wild food, hunted or harvested immature crops and, 465(62.5%) consumed food stock meant for planting in the next season as a coping mechanism. A big proportion of respondents 467(62.8%) reportedly sent children to neighbors during time for eating, 604(81.2%) limited portion sizes of the food consumed, and 615 (82.7%) and restricted the consumption of adults to ensure that there is enough food for children to eat. Lastly, 523 (70.3%) of the respondents skipped an entire day without eating, and 627(84.3%) reduced the number of meals in a day.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab3\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 3\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eCoping strategies for youths aged 18 to 30 years faced with food scarcity in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;744)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/caption\\u003e\\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cthead\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eCoping strategies\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (n)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRely on less preferred and less expensive foods\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003c/thead\\u003e\\u003ctbody\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e97\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e13.0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e647\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e87.0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eBorrow food from a friend or relative\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e186\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e25.0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e558\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e75.0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003ePurchase food on credit\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e227\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e30.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e517\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e69.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eGather wild food, hunt, or harvest immature crops\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e239\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e32.1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e505\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e67.9\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eConsume seed stock held for next season\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e279\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e37.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e465\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e62.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eSend children to eat with neighbors\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e277\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e37.2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e467\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e62.8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eSend household members to beg\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e552\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e74.2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e192\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e25.8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eLimit portion size at mealtime\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e140\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e18.8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e604\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e81.2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eRestrict consumption by adults in order for small children to eat\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e129\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e17.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e615\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e82.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eFeed household working members instead of non-working ones\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e510\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e68.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e234\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e31.4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eReduce number of meals eaten in a day\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e117\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e15.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e627\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e84.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eSkip entire days without eating\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e221\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e29.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e523\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e70.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\u003c/colgroup\\u003e\\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec14\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eSociocultural factors and Coping strategies associated with Food Security status\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe sociocultural factors included presence of agricultural extension services (p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001), market food prices favorable (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.160), males engaging in domestic food production (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.099), having a backyard garden (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.005), cultural beliefs about common foods (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.002), responsibility for food provision at home (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.041), and any food taboos for common foods (p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001) as presented in Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab4\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e. The coping strategies associated were borrowing food from a friend or relative (p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001), purchase of food on credit (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.150), sending children to eat with neighbors (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.025), limiting portion size at meal time (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.044), restricting consumption for adults in order for small children to eat (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.026), and skipping entire day without eating (p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.010) as shown in Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab4\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab4\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 4\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eSociocultural factors and Coping strategies associated with food security situation among youths 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/caption\\u003e\\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cthead\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eSociodemographic factors\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c3\\\" namest=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFood Insecurity status\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eChi-Square (DF)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eP-value\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eModerate n(%)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eSevere n(%)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFood markets accessible\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003c/thead\\u003e\\u003ctbody\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e21(20.19)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e133(20.78)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.019(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" 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colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e33(31.73)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e343(53.59)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e17.108(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e71(68.27)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e297(46.41)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eAccess to irrigation system\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e95(91.35)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e571(89.22)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.431(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.511\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e9(8.65)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e69(10.78)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eMarket food prices favorable\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e35(33.65)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e262(40.94)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e1.979(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.160*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e69(66.35)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e378(59.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eEngage in domestic food production\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e12(11.54)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e116(18.13)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e2.725(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.099*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e92(88.46)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e534(81.88)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eHave backyard garden\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e13(12.50)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e160(25.00)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e7.833(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.005*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e91(87.50)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e480(75.00)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eThere are cultural beliefs about common foods\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e71(68.27)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e521(81.41)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e9.498(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.002*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e33(31.73)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e119(18.59)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eMen engaged in household food production\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e30(28.85)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e180(28.13)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.023(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.880\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e74(71.15)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e460(71.88)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eResponsible for food provision at home\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eMan\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e75(72.12)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e473(73.91)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e6.385(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR2\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.041*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eWoman\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e16(15.38)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e53(8.28)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eBoth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e13(12.50)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e114(17.81)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eAny food taboos for common foods\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e74(71.15)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e553(86.41)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e15.704(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e30(28.85)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e87(13.59)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eCoping strategies\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eRely on less preferred foods\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e13(12.50)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e84(13.13)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.031(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.861\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" 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colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e62(59.62)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e496(77.50)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003ePurchase food on credit\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e38(36.54)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e189(29.53)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e2.072(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.150*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e66(63.46)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" 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colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e49(47.12)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e228(35.63)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e5.054(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.025*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e55(52.88)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e412(64.38)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" 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colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eRestrict consumption by adults\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e26(25.00)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e103(16.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" 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char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.054\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e81(77.88)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e546(85.31)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eSkip entire days without eating\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e42(40.38)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e179(27.97)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e6.605(\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.010*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e62(59.62)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e461(72.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\u003c/colgroup\\u003e\\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec15\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eMultivariate analysis\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe binary logistic regression analysis in Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab5\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e indicates the youths with tertiary education level had decreased odds of being severely food insecure by 81.3% as compared to none formal education (AOR: 0.187, 95% CI: 0.049\\u0026ndash;0.722). Having agricultural extension services in place decreased the odds of suffering from severe food insecurity by 65.9% compared to having no extension services (AOR: 0.341, 95% CI: 0.201\\u0026ndash;0.576), and a backyard garden at the household decreased the odds of suffering from severe food insecurity by 52% as compared to having no backyard garden (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.247\\u0026ndash;0.934). Presence of common food taboos for common foods decreased the odds of severe food insecurity by 52% compared to absence of common food taboos (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.279\\u0026ndash;0.825). Lastly, borrowing food from relatives or friends increased the odds of severe food insecurity by more than 3-folds (AOR: 3.858, 95% CI: 2.250\\u0026ndash;6.615).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab5\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 5\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eMultivariate analysis for factors associated with food security among youths of 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/caption\\u003e\\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cthead\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFood Security\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eCrude Odds ratio (95% CI)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eP-value\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eAdjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eP-value\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eHighest level of education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003c/thead\\u003e\\u003ctbody\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo formal education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.714(0.441\\u0026ndash;1.157)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.171\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.788(0.467\\u0026ndash;1.331)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.374\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.389(0.199\\u0026ndash;0.759)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.006*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.571(0.273\\u0026ndash;1.195)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.137\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eTertiary\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.181(0.066\\u0026ndash;0.496)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.001*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.187(0.049\\u0026ndash;0.722)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.015*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eHousehold size\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e1\\u0026ndash;3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e4\\u0026ndash;6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e2.080(1.256\\u0026ndash;3.446)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.004*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e1.527(0.860\\u0026ndash;2.711)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.148\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026gt;\\u0026thinsp;6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e2.179(1.217\\u0026ndash;3.902)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.009*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e1.374(0.715\\u0026ndash;2.638)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.340\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eMain source of income\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFarmer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eBusiness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.988(0.592\\u0026ndash;1.648)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.962\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.837(0.462\\u0026ndash;1.514)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.557\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFormal employment\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e1.00\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e1.00\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo employment\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e2.444(1.441\\u0026ndash;4.145)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.001*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e1.711(0.965\\u0026ndash;3.034)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.066\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eExtension services in place\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.402(0.259\\u0026ndash;0.626)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.341(0.201\\u0026ndash;0.576)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eHave backyard garden\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.429(0.233\\u0026ndash;0.787)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.006*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.480(0.247\\u0026ndash;0.934)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.031*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eAny food taboos for common foods\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.388(0.240\\u0026ndash;0.628)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.480(0.279\\u0026ndash;0.825)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e0.008*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eBorrow food from a friend or relative\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eRef\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e2.333(1.513\\u0026ndash;3.599)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e3.858(2.250\\u0026ndash;6.615)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\u003c/colgroup\\u003e\\u003ctfoot\\u003e\\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\"\\u003eCI\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;confidence interval, Ref\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;reference category\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e\\u003c/tfoot\\u003e\\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Discussion\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThe findings of this study highlight a critical situation in Moroto district, where no households were classified as food secure. All households experienced some level of food insecurity, with the majority being severely food insecure (86.02%), while 13.98% were moderately insecure. This clearly shows the severe and widespread nature of food insecurity in the region. These results are particularly alarming when compared with food insecurity rates in other regions, emphasizing the extreme vulnerability of households in Moroto. Several factors may explain this high level of insecurity, including recurrent droughts and limited access to food markets, which together exacerbate food shortages and reduce food availability. Different studies have highlighted varying levels of food insecurity in developing countries. The level reported is higher than 2 to 5.9% in Australia (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR21\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e21\\u003c/span\\u003e), and 56.3% in Bangladesh (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR22\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e22\\u003c/span\\u003e). Additionally, it is higher than the reported 41.9% among student respondents in Uganda (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR23\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e23\\u003c/span\\u003e). This further reinforces the notion that food insecurity is still a pervasive global challenge but with variations in geographies and demographic factors (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR24\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e24\\u003c/span\\u003e).In Moroto, the situation is poor especially for younger populations, who are particularly vulnerable to the effects of food insecurity. The stark difference in food insecurity rates across various regions and age groups emphasizes the need for targeted interventions that address the unique challenges faced by adolescents and young adults in highly food-insecure regions like Moroto.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eFrom this study it is clearly that the level of education, household size, main source of income, presence of extension services, having a backyard garden, common food taboos and borrowing food from a relative or friend were associated with the food security status. Youth with tertiary education were 81.3% less likely to be severely food insecure compared to those without formal education (AOR: 0.187, 95% CI: 0.049\\u0026ndash;0.722, p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.015). This suggests that higher educational attainment plays a key role in improving financial stability, increasing access to food, and enhancing knowledge of nutrition and food management. This finding aligns with research from South Wales, which also noted that women, often with lower educational levels, are more likely to experience food insecurity due to traditional gender roles and sacrifices made to feed their families (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR21\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e21\\u003c/span\\u003e). In addition, cultural beliefs and socio-economic factors such as low income and single parenthood further exacerbate food insecurity (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR25\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e25\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR26\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e26\\u003c/span\\u003e). The study underscores the importance of educational policies and interventions aimed at improving educational attainment among youth to enhance food security and overall well-being in Moroto district.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe study also found out that access to agricultural extension services decreased the odds of severe food insecurity by 65.9% (AOR: 0.341, 95% CI: 0.201\\u0026ndash;0.576, p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001). Extension services play a vital role in equipping farmers with modern agricultural practices, improving crop yields, and increasing food production. This result is consistent with findings from (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR27\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e27\\u003c/span\\u003e), who reported that young farmers with access to extension services were more likely to be food secure. Similar observations were made by (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR28\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e28\\u003c/span\\u003e), who noted that access to extension services significantly contributes to the resilience of households to food insecurity. Moreover, this aligns with the (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR29\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e29\\u003c/span\\u003e) study, which highlighted the importance of agricultural support services in improving food security outcomes. The implication of this study highlights the need for policies that expand and strengthen agricultural extension services to reduce food insecurity, particularly in rural areas where such services are often lacking.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThis study confirmed that, households with backyard gardens had a 52% reduced likelihood of being severely food insecure (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.247\\u0026ndash;0.934, p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.031). Backyard gardening provides a direct and reliable source of nutritious food, reducing dependence on market-bought food and improving household food diversity. This result aligns with findings from studies indicating that household-level food production significantly enhances food security. For example, a study by (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR30\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e30\\u003c/span\\u003e) found that urban households with kitchen gardens were more likely to be food secure due to the consistent supply of vegetables and fruits. Similarly, research by (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR31\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e31\\u003c/span\\u003e) highlighted the role of small-scale food production in increasing household resilience to food insecurity. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting backyard gardening initiatives as a sustainable approach to improving food security, particularly in resource-limited settings.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eInterestingly, the presence of food taboos reduced the odds of severe food insecurity by 52% (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.279\\u0026ndash;0.825, p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.008). This counterintuitive result could be attributed to the role of cultural practices in promoting dietary diversity and resource conservation. Similar findings were reported by (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR25\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e25\\u003c/span\\u003e)who highlighted the influence of cultural beliefs on food choices and security. Similarly, (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR32\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e32\\u003c/span\\u003e) noted that cultural norms, including food taboos, shape dietary patterns and food security status. These results imply that while food taboos might seem restrictive, they can positively influence food security by promoting dietary diversity and resource conservation. Thus, understanding and incorporating these cultural nuances into food security strategies could enhance their effectiveness.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eLastly, borrowing food from relatives or friends was associated with a more than three-fold increase in the odds of severe food insecurity (AOR: 3.858, 95% CI: 2.250\\u0026ndash;6.615, p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001). This reflects the high level of food insecurity faced by households reliant on such coping strategies, as borrowing is not sustainable and often signals deeper economic distress. Similar results were found by (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR30\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e30\\u003c/span\\u003e), who noted that while social networks provide temporary relief, they are not long-term solutions to food insecurity. Sustainable interventions focusing on income generation and food production would be more effective in addressing the root causes of severe food insecurity in Moroto.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Conclusion\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThis study revealed that all households in the region are food insecure, with nine in 10 facing severe food insecurity. This highlights an alarming crisis in the region, which is in contrast with food insecurity rates in other regions and demographics. A range of factors including education level, presence of extension services, household backyard gardens, food taboos and borrowing food from friends and relatives were associated with the food security status of youths. Addressing these factors requires a multi-faceted approach, including improving agricultural practices, enhancing educational opportunities, supporting home gardening, and providing targeted food assistance. Understanding the dynamics of food insecurity in this context is essential for developing effective strategies such as developing policies that expand agricultural extension services to reach all rural areas in Moroto district which would improve the nutritional status and overall well-being of the population.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Declarations\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eEthical approval and accordance\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki’ and to this effect, formal clearance and approval to conduct the study was obtained from Lira University Research Ethics Committee (LUREC), with the approval number LUREC -2023-044.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eConsent to participate\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eBefore conducting interviews, informed consent was administered to all eligible participants carefully explaining the objectives, study procedures, risk and benefits involved with the study in the local language (N’gakarimojong).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eClinical trial number\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eNot applicable\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAvailability of data\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe data and other materials used are available with a reasonable request from the corresponding authors at\\u0026nbsp;\\u003ca href=\\\"mailto:alokabonny@gmail.com\\\"\\u003ealokabonny@gmail.com\\u003c/a\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eCompeting interests\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eNone\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eFunding\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eNone\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAuthors’ contributions\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eBoth authors, JA and BA contributed tremendously to this study. However, JA conceptualized the study, and both authors contributed to the design of the study, data collection, data management and analysis. JA, BA and FO contributed in manuscript writing and revision to its current format.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAcknowledgements\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eWe wish to acknowledge our study participants for allowing to participate in this study. Also, we wish to thank the Faculty of Public Health, Lira University for the guidance and support they provided during this study. We would finally like to acknowledge Mr. Rubangakene Damasco who helped with the production of the map of Moroto district and the study sub-counties within the district.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003col\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eSantos MP, Brewer JD, Lopez MA, Paz-Soldan VA, Chaparro MP. Determinants of food insecurity among households with children in Villa el Salvador, Lima, Peru: the role of gender and employment, a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):717.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eDrobotya Y, Baldzhy M, Pecheniuk A, Savelchuk I, Hryhorenko D, Kulinich T. Overcoming poverty and social inequality in Third World countries (Latin America, Africa). IJCSNS Int J Comput Sci Netw Secur. 2021;21(3):295\\u0026ndash;303.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eWFP. Threats to Uganda\\u0026rsquo;s food security in 2023 [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Oct 25]. 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Prevalence of adolescent-reported food insecurity and the determinants including coping strategies living in urban slum communities of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. 2023.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eKent K, Visentin D, Peterson C, Ayre I, Elliott C, Primo C, et al. Severity of food insecurity among Australian University Students, professional and academic staff. Nutrients. 2022;14(19):3956.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eWahbeh S, Anastasiadis F, Sundarakani B, Manikas I. Exploration of Food Security Challenges towards More Sustainable Food Production: A Systematic Literature Review of the Major Drivers and Policies. Foods. 2022;11(23):3804.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eOsei-Kwasi H, Mohindra A, Booth A, Laar A, Wanjohi M, Graham F, et al. Factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa: a systematic mapping review. 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Int J Res Bus Soc Sci. 2021;10:2147\\u0026ndash;4478.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eGebre GG, Rahut DB. Prevalence of household food insecurity in East Africa: Linking food access with climate vulnerability. Clim Risk Manag. 2021;33:100333.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eMonterrosa EC, Frongillo EA, Drewnowski A, de Pee S, Vandevijvere S. Sociocultural Influences on Food Choices and Implications for Sustainable Healthy Diets. Food Nutr Bull. 2020;41(2suppl):S59\\u0026ndash;73.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"youths, food security, nutrition, malnutrition, Karamoja\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8123017/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8123017/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eBackground\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eNearly two billion people worldwide are affected with moderate to severe food insecurity, while over 820\\u0026nbsp;million people go hungry. Youth in Karamoja face challenges of food security, including limited access to land, credit, education, and employment, yet there is limited evidence on the prevalence and determinants of food security among youth in Moroto district hence this study.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eMethods\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eA cross-sectional study was conducted using systematic random sampling to recruit 744 youths aged 18 to 30 years. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 29 with both descriptive and inferential statistics at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eResults\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eAll the households were either moderately food insecure 104 (13.98%) or severely food insecure 640 (86.02%). The factors associated with food security were none formal education (AOR: 0.187, 95% CI: 0.049\\u0026ndash;0.722, p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.015), presence of agriculture extension services (AOR: 0.341, 95% CI: 0.201\\u0026ndash;0.576, p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001), having a backyard garden (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.247\\u0026ndash;0.934, p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.031), common food taboos (AOR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.279\\u0026ndash;0.825, p\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.008) and borrowing food (AOR: 3.858, 95% CI: 2.250\\u0026ndash;6.615, p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eConclusion\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eTherefore, there is a critical need for targeted interventions to address this issue and support the younger population's nutritional needs, through active involvement in the food production and food system value chain. The results from this study is expected to support local/ national policy development and intervention which will eventually contribute to a sustainable agricultural production practices and improved livelihood amongst the youth in Karamoja region.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Prevalence and factors associated with food security status amongst youths of 18 to 30 years in Moroto district, Karamoja region of Uganda\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-12-15 18:00:33\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8123017/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"14b9680c-09a9-4c76-82cd-1afe7a655e11\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"December 15th, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2026-04-23T04:55:06+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-12-15 18:00:33\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-8123017\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-8123017\",\"identity\":\"rs-8123017\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}