{"paper_id":"34c81959-5417-4bf4-afbb-7b2bb0d4bb65","body_text":"Compact Broadband Left-Hand Circularly Polarized high-performance MIMO BDRA for indoor WLAN/ IoT and Smart Device Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Compact Broadband Left-Hand Circularly Polarized high-performance MIMO BDRA for indoor WLAN/ IoT and Smart Device Applications Srinivasa Naik Kethavathu, Aruna Singam, Lakshmi Narayana Dwarapu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5963343/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This article specifically designs a two-element, left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) MIMO bowtie dielectric resonator antenna (BDRA) for indoor WLAN/IoT and smart device applications. Two asymmetrical radiators are positioned orthogonally. A microstrip line feeds an asymmetrical cross-shaped slot at the center of the DRA. To minimize stray radiation from the feeder, the ground plane is positioned directly beneath the bowtie, while the microstrip line feeder is placed on the opposite side of the substrate. The single bowtie DRA demonstrates an impedance bandwidth of 28.15% across the frequency range of 4.15 GHz to 5.51 GHz. additionally; it exhibits a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 25.64% within the range of 4.25 GHz to 5.5 GHz, maintaining over 90% efficiency throughout the operating band. The suggested two-element MIMO bowtie DRA has an impedance bandwidth of 28.15%, an axial ratio bandwidth of 25.64%, and more than 25 dB of isolation between the elements. Additionally, it exhibits a diversity performance characterized by an envelope correlation coefficient of < 0.001 and a diversity gain > 9.99. The proposed antenna prototype has been fabricated and subjected to experimental testing. The simulated and measured results demonstrate good agreement with one another. BDRA LHCP MIMO Axial ratio indoor WLAN/IoT and smart device Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-5963343\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":416255760,\"identity\":\"707ae198-cf55-4717-8199-c03efa986cfa\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Srinivasa Naik Kethavathu\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZhBR8Z9Hnr/5wOEfFSAR5gYitJxhljOccSzxMcMZkAgjAS0gwNjGbMxwIMfYmLENzMWvxZydx/Djzza2xMaGA2bShfNqo/nbgVp+VGzDqcWymcdYmuccT2I7c0Oa9Mxtx3NnHGZsYOw5cxunFoPDbAnSDGUSIFuOSfBuO5bbANTCzNiGV0vyzx9sBokNBxLbJHjnHMudT1gL8zEJnrYEoPeTmY15G2pyNxCjxZrnzAFQIDM+nHHsQO5GoJaDeP1y/mDzzR8VB4BR2f/hwIeautx55w8ffPCjArcWdHAYTB4gWj0Q1JGieBSMglEwCkYIAAB/rmFyzvO99gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Srinivasa\",\"middleName\":\"Naik\",\"lastName\":\"Kethavathu\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":416255761,\"identity\":\"e6838506-c2e3-4489-a7f4-cac835cac507\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Aruna Singam\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Andhra University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Aruna\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Singam\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":416255762,\"identity\":\"166dc919-c199-4257-8175-0755fae6572b\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Lakshmi Narayana Dwarapu\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Vignan’s Institute of Engineering for Women\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Lakshmi\",\"middleName\":\"Narayana\",\"lastName\":\"Dwarapu\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2025-02-05 07:38:22\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":{\"humanSubjects\":false,\"vertebrateSubjects\":false,\"conflictsOfInterestStatement\":false,\"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines\":false,\"humanSubjectConsent\":false,\"humanSubjectClinicalTrial\":false,\"humanSubjectCaseReport\":false,\"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines\":false},\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5963343/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5963343/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":76674874,\"identity\":\"f7d3dd05-6d4f-4604-91da-3ef5af24fd10\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-02-19 14:18:01\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":1224281,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"CompactBroadbandLeftforjournalofJSTT.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5963343/v1_covered_e36f7ea3-7aa9-48c7-ad82-77e3a5498f04.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Compact Broadband Left-Hand Circularly Polarized high-performance MIMO BDRA for indoor WLAN/ IoT and Smart Device Applications\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":true,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"BDRA, LHCP, MIMO, Axial ratio, indoor WLAN/IoT and smart device\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5963343/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5963343/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThis article specifically designs a two-element, left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) MIMO bowtie dielectric resonator antenna (BDRA) for indoor WLAN/IoT and smart device applications. Two asymmetrical radiators are positioned orthogonally. A microstrip line feeds an asymmetrical cross-shaped slot at the center of the DRA. To minimize stray radiation from the feeder, the ground plane is positioned directly beneath the bowtie, while the microstrip line feeder is placed on the opposite side of the substrate. The single bowtie DRA demonstrates an impedance bandwidth of 28.15% across the frequency range of 4.15 GHz to 5.51 GHz. additionally; it exhibits a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 25.64% within the range of 4.25 GHz to 5.5 GHz, maintaining over 90% efficiency throughout the operating band. The suggested two-element MIMO bowtie DRA has an impedance bandwidth of 28.15%, an axial ratio bandwidth of 25.64%, and more than 25 dB of isolation between the elements. Additionally, it exhibits a diversity performance characterized by an envelope correlation coefficient of \\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001 and a diversity gain\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026gt;\\u0026thinsp;9.99. The proposed antenna prototype has been fabricated and subjected to experimental testing. The simulated and measured results demonstrate good agreement with one another.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Compact Broadband Left-Hand Circularly Polarized high-performance MIMO BDRA for indoor WLAN/ IoT and Smart Device Applications\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-02-19 05:10:45\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5963343/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"15f5a6f8-472a-4ab9-b85c-596a0f251f2b\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"February 19th, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2025-04-09T09:23:40+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-02-19 05:10:45\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-5963343\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-5963343\",\"identity\":\"rs-5963343\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}