{"paper_id":"33d517ae-1b80-4c0f-a61a-29c2db78f041","body_text":"NEEHA: Neuromorphic Event Enhanced Histopathology Apparatus | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Physical Sciences - Article NEEHA: Neuromorphic Event Enhanced Histopathology Apparatus Ziyuan Qu, Louis Vaickus, Christopher Metzler, Adithya Pediredla This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9094725/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Histopathological diagnosis is the gold standard for disease and cancer management, yet whole-slide digitization remains prohibitively expensive and data-intensive, limiting equitable access to care. Conventional Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) systems are constrained by a fundamental trade-off between throughput and cost due to motion blur, relying on expensive time-delay integration sensors or slow stop-and-stare acquisition. These constraints are compounded by a bandwidth crisis, in which the digitization of empty background and near-constant regions generates massive data that hinder efficient storage, transmission, and downstream inference. Therefore, we introduce the Neuromorphic Event Enhanced Histopathology Apparatus (NEEHA), a continuous-flow WSI system based on asynchronous event sensing. By abandoning frame-based acquisition, NEEHA exploits continuous stage motion to capture spatial intensity gradients, enabling motion-blur-free imaging at speeds beyond the limits of conventional cameras. We demonstrate that clinically relevant nuclear segmentation can be performed directly on sparse event streams, achieving accuracy comparable to inter-observer agreement of human pathologists. To ensure clinical interpretability for human review, we incorporate a physics-constrained optimization framework that recovers high-fidelity intensity images. Furthermore, a tilted optical design enables single-pass volumetric acquisition without mechanical z-stacking. By aligning sensing physics with the intrinsic sparsity of tissue morphology, NEEHA reduces system costs by 50% relative to portable WSI scanners and delivers theoretical sub-minute 40x scans, matching the speed of high-throughput industrial systems. In doing so, NEEHA offers a scalable and data-efficient pathway toward global pathology equity. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical techniques/Microscopy Health sciences/Medical research/Translational research Scientific community and society/Developing world Whole slide imaging Event camera Histopathology Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-9094725\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Physical Sciences - Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":611891000,\"identity\":\"19c7da43-8e5c-4189-8db9-eaa250f2c151\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Ziyuan Qu\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABBUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgYkTgUzjHUAiBNwazkA55wBamEDMRLwaYGaCNHeRoQWvhvJbY8/VNwBMhKYX1fOs5Y3n9+d+Jj3xx0GfvYcA2xaJG8kthscOPMMyEhgszy7Ld1wzjHezcY8CUCRnjdYtRjcSGyTONh2GMhIYDNs3HaYcQYb7zZpngSQCHZb0LTMOWwP12JPhBbmh40NhxMRtkjg8MuZh20SZ84c5gExGBuOpSfPYMvdbDgn7TCPxJlnBVhD7Hj6M4mKisNyfMeTD39sqLG2ncF8duODNzaH5fjbkzdgDeUDEIqH4QBjmwSyBA9W5UhaQAzmDzhVjYJRMApGwYgGAOTgav6h4euqAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8331-9422\",\"institution\":\"Dartmouth College\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Ziyuan\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Qu\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":611891001,\"identity\":\"c0041d04-7960-4fee-895a-cdd8fe45355a\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Louis Vaickus\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Dartmouth College\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Louis\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Vaickus\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":611891002,\"identity\":\"4bf0121c-0fc8-49eb-9e1a-393d394f5fb8\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Christopher Metzler\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-7207\",\"institution\":\"University of Maryland, College Park\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Christopher\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Metzler\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":611891003,\"identity\":\"3dd8aae7-886a-4e61-b2ac-e6d6b4704e43\",\"order_by\":3,\"name\":\"Adithya Pediredla\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Dartmouth College\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Adithya\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Pediredla\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2026-03-11 13:06:30\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9094725/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9094725/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":106724565,\"identity\":\"f2c63f35-0efb-48d7-b28f-692ba2685096\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2026-04-12 18:28:37\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":38022695,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"Article File\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"NEEHANeuromorphicEventEnhancedHistopathologyApparatus.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9094725/v1_covered_9d465501-c021-4e38-883c-9af69dedbc06.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"There is \\u003cb\\u003eNO\\u003c/b\\u003e Competing Interest.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"NEEHA: Neuromorphic Event Enhanced Histopathology Apparatus\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":true,\"hideJournal\":false,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"nature-portfolio\",\"isNatureJournal\":true,\"hasQc\":false,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"\",\"title\":\"Nature Portfolio\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":false,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"ejp\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":false},\"keywords\":\"Whole slide imaging, Event camera, Histopathology\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9094725/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9094725/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"Histopathological diagnosis is the gold standard for disease and cancer management, yet whole-slide digitization remains prohibitively expensive and data-intensive, limiting equitable access to care. 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