{"paper_id":"331473a0-eae0-4d73-9f83-ca4504bb743b","body_text":"Abstract\nWomen experiencing menstrual difficulties frequently call upon family physicians. The disorders range from a failure to menstruate to excessive menstrual bleeding. Menstrual disorders stem from multiple etiologies, spanning the breadth of many disciplines including genetics, metabolism, endocrinology, gynecology, and psychology. Menstrual disorders are best addressed through a comprehensive primary care approach.\nPreview\nUnable to display preview. Download preview PDF.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nSperoff L, Glass RH, Kase NG, eds. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999; 201–10.\nSchlechte J, Sherman B, Halmi N, et al. Prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors in amenorrheic women: a comprehensive study. Endocr Rev 1980; 1: 295–308.\nMcIver B, Romanski SA, Nippoldt TB. Concise review for primary-care physicians: evaluation and management of amenorrhea. Mayo Clin Proc 1997; 72: 1164.\nSperoff L, Glass RH, Kase NG. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999; 421–8.\nHull MG. Epidemiology of infertility and polycystic ovarian disease: endocrinological and demographic studies. Gynecol Endocrino11987; 1: 235–45.\nKiningham RB, Apgar BS, Schwenk TL. Evaluation of amenorrhea. Am Fam Physician 1996; 53: 1192.\nAlper MM, Garner PR. Premature ovarian failure: its relationship to autoimmune disease. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 66: 27–30.\nBarrett-Connor E, Bush TL. Estrogen and coronary heart disease in women. JAMA 1991; 265: 1861–7.\nDavajan V, Kletzky OA. Secondary amenorrhea without galactorrhea or androgen excess. In: Mishell DR Jr, Davajan V, Lobo RA, eds. Infertility, contraception and reproductive endocrinology, 3rd ed. Boston: Blackwell Scientific, 1991; 372–95.\nGordon CM. Menstrual disorders in adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am 1999; 46 (3): 520.\nSmith-Bindman R, et al. Endometrial ultrasound to exclude endometrial abnormalities. JAMA 1998; 280: 1510–17.\nVan Den Bosch T, Vandendael A, Van Schoubroeck D, Wrantz PAB, Lombard CJ. Combining vaginal ultrasonography and office endometrial sampling in the diagnosis of endometrial disease in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 85 (3): 349–52.\nChen BH, Giudice LC. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. West J Med 1998; 169 (5): 280–4.\nJamieson DJ, Steege JF. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in primary care practices. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87: 55–8.\nDawood MY. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and changing attitudes toward dysmenorrhea. Am J Med 1988; 84: 23–9.\nDawood MY. Dysmenorrhea. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1990; 33: 168–78.\nCoco AS. Primary dysmenorrhea. Am Fam Physician 1999; 60: 489–96.\nSmith RP. Gynecology in primary care. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1997; 389–404.\nEskenazi B, Warner M. Epidemiology of endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1997; 24: 235–58.\nEditor information\nEditors and Affiliations\nRights and permissions\nCopyright information\n© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York\nAbout this chapter\nCite this chapter\nCyr, P.R., Skelton, A.K. (2003). Menstrual Disorders. In: Taylor, R.B., David, A.K., Fields, S.A., Phillips, D.M., Scherger, J.E. (eds) Family Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21744-4_103\nDownload citation\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21744-4_103\nPublisher Name: Springer, New York, NY\nPrint ISBN: 978-1-4757-5209-0\nOnline ISBN: 978-0-387-21744-4\neBook Packages: Springer Book Archive\nKeywords\nThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}