{"paper_id":"33021f2d-dda0-4c30-9b32-c7e8bf46d092","body_text":"Genotoxic Potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. Extracts in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Genotoxic Potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. Extracts in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Ghanya Al-Naqeb, Rachele Giuseppe, Aliki Kalmpourtzidou, Linda Avesani, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7736330/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Dianthus superbus var. superbus ( D. superbus ) and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. ( P. paradoxus ) are traditionally used medicinal plants from the Italian flora. This study presents the first investigation into the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of methanolic leaf extracts from both species. Genotoxicity was assessed using the automated cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Both extracts exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects, with IC₅₀ values of 27 µg/mL for D. superbus and 56 µg/mL for P. paradoxus . At the lowest tested concentration (6.3 µg/mL), D. superbus extract did not significantly affect micronucleus frequency in the presence or absence of mitomycin C (MMC). However, at the highest concentration (25 µg/mL), D. superbus extract significantly increased micronucleus frequency under both conditions compared to control cells. For P. paradoxus , the lowest concentration tested (12.5 µg/mL) did not alter micronucleus frequency in the absence of MMC, but notably reduced micronucleus formation when co-administered with MMC, suggesting potential antigenotoxic activity. Conversely, the highest concentration of P. paradoxus extract (50 µg/mL) induced a significant increase in micronucleus frequency compared to MMC treatment alone. These results indicate that both extracts possess cytotoxic and genotoxic properties. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying these genotoxic effects and identifying the specific phytochemicals responsible. Biological sciences/Drug discovery Biological sciences/Plant sciences Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 17 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 16 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 11 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 11 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 02 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 04 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Nov, 2025 Editor invited by journal 14 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 28 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Extracts in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":false,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":true,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"scientific-reports\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"scirep\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"\",\"title\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7736330/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7736330/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eDianthus superbus\\u003c/em\\u003e var. \\u003cem\\u003esuperbus\\u003c/em\\u003e (\\u003cem\\u003eD. superbus\\u003c/em\\u003e) and \\u003cem\\u003ePetasites paradoxus\\u003c/em\\u003e (Retz.) Baumg. (\\u003cem\\u003eP. paradoxus\\u003c/em\\u003e) are traditionally used medicinal plants from the Italian flora. This study presents the first investigation into the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of methanolic leaf extracts from both species. Genotoxicity was assessed using the automated cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Both extracts exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects, with IC₅₀ values of 27 \\u0026micro;g/mL for \\u003cem\\u003eD. superbus\\u003c/em\\u003e and 56 \\u0026micro;g/mL for \\u003cem\\u003eP. paradoxus\\u003c/em\\u003e. At the lowest tested concentration (6.3 \\u0026micro;g/mL), \\u003cem\\u003eD. superbus\\u003c/em\\u003e extract did not significantly affect micronucleus frequency in the presence or absence of mitomycin C (MMC). However, at the highest concentration (25 \\u0026micro;g/mL), \\u003cem\\u003eD. superbus\\u003c/em\\u003e extract significantly increased micronucleus frequency under both conditions compared to control cells. For \\u003cem\\u003eP. paradoxus\\u003c/em\\u003e, the lowest concentration tested (12.5 \\u0026micro;g/mL) did not alter micronucleus frequency in the absence of MMC, but notably reduced micronucleus formation when co-administered with MMC, suggesting potential antigenotoxic activity. Conversely, the highest concentration of \\u003cem\\u003eP. paradoxus extract\\u003c/em\\u003e (50 \\u0026micro;g/mL) induced a significant increase in micronucleus frequency compared to MMC treatment alone. These results indicate that both extracts possess cytotoxic and genotoxic properties. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying these genotoxic effects and identifying the specific phytochemicals responsible.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Genotoxic Potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. 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