{"paper_id":"3171d2ab-0b6f-4e8a-a12e-9ac867ad7fc0","body_text":"Abstract\nObjective\nThe objective was to study the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in endometrium of women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) as compared to women with normal menstrual cycles.\nMethods\nIn this study, 30 patients and 20 controls were selected. Transvaginal ultrasound and endometrial sampling for histology and ER and PR estimation immunohistochemically was carried out for all the subjects. Student’s t-test and linear correlation was used for statistical analysis. Their response to treatment was assessed by clinical follow-up.\nResults\nEndometrial thickness and ER and PR levels in DUB patients were significantly higher. In cases showing hyperplastic endometria, ER and PR levels were higher than patients with normal histology. In contrast to hyperplastic tissue, steroid receptor levels decrease in hyperplastic tissue containing atypia.\nConclusion\nAltered endometrial morphology and increased receptor levels in DUB patients suggest that unopposed estrogen effect could have an important role in the pathogenesis of DUB. Cases of DUB, which showed atypical hyperplasia, may have a down-regulation of these receptors and could be a precursor lesion to carcinoma and thus do not respond to medical therapy by hormones.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nBancroft JD, Stevens A (1996) Theory and practice of histological techniques, 4th edn. Churchill Livingstone\nBergeron C, Ferenczy A, Shyamala G (1988) Distribution of estrogen receptors in various cell types of normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic human endometrial tissues. 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Arch Gynecol Obstet 272, 17–22 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-004-0639-5\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-004-0639-5","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}