{"paper_id":"2f78b8bb-5acb-4f3e-8ab7-7bf738e9840e","body_text":"Determinants of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Uptake Among Adolescent Girls at Selected Secondary Schools in Kibaha Town Council | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Determinants of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Uptake Among Adolescent Girls at Selected Secondary Schools in Kibaha Town Council NEHEMIA NGAILO, Lawrencia Mushi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3847753/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Human papilloma virus infection rates among girls aged 13 to 19 years are as high as 83%. Cervical cancer kills one woman every two minutes and affects approximately 570,000 women worldwide.This study investigated determinants of human papilloma virus vaccine uptake among adolescent girls at selected secondary schools in the Kibaha Town Council. Methods: The research employed a mixed-method research approach. The study's sample size was 385 respondents, including 344 adolescent girl students, 40 parents/guardians, and 1 district immunization and vaccine officer. For quantitative data, the researcher collected the data and inserted them into Microsoft Excel for data sorting and cleaning. The cleaned data were then exported to SPSS version 26 to calculate descriptive data wich were represented in frequency and percentage. For qualitative data, the researcher used thematic content analysis. Results: The results showed that only 47.92% of the total adolescent girls completed both doses of the HPV vaccine, while 52.08% of respondents did not receive the second dose. 66% of the respondents felt comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine. Most respondents (89.6%) believed that no negative health side effects were associated with HPV vaccine uptake. Conclusion: There is a notable gap between awareness and action regarding HPV vaccination. The majority of respondents are aware of the importance of HPV vaccination in preventing cervical cancer, which indicates strong support for using the HPV vaccine. However, this positive attitude does not seem to translate into a high rate of girls actually completing both doses of the vaccine. Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Adolescent Girls Kibaha Town Council INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that causes many cancers in women, including cervical cancers that are transmitted through sexual intercourse (CDC, 2020). The level of human papilloma virus is as high as 83% of HPV infections among girls whose age ranked between 13–19 years after up to eight years of follow-up postvaccination (Doorbar, 2015). Cervical cancer kills one woman every two minutes and affects approximately 570,000 women worldwide, with an estimated 311,000 fatalities, with more than 85% of deaths occurring in less developed countries (Runge et al., 2019 ). As a result, cervical cancer has become a global challenge, with an annual incidence rate of 85% and a crude mortality rate of more than 87%, and is the fourth leading cause of death among women of childbearing age, with the only recommended solution being the administration of the full dose of HPV vaccines to adolescent girls (Runge et al., 2019 ). However, vaccine uptake against HPV remains low in many African countries. As a result, the level of HPV vaccine uptake in Uganda in 2019 was 17.61%, resulting in high rates of cervical cancer (Ndiko & Oboh, 2019). In Ethiopia, vaccine uptake is also low, with only 7,445 new cases of cervical cancer diagnosed each year and over 6,000 women dying from it (Begoihn et al., 2019 ). Similar to Tanzania, HPV vaccines were introduced in 2014, and strategies to increase HPV uptake of the first and second doses coverage to at least 80% of adolescent girls in schools started being implemented in 2018 (WHO, 2020 ), but implementation has been challenging due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Because cervical cancer is the main cause of death in Uganda, Uganda also introduced the HPV vaccine in East African nations as a coping mechanism and primary preventative measure against the disease (Nakisige et al., 2020 ). Although these new initiatives have a significant impact on public health, there are still problems with the vaccination of adolescents between the ages of 9 and 15. As a result, the government began offering the HPV vaccine for free to approximately 140,000 preadolescents. However, adoption has remained low in many areas of the nation, with the average adoption rate estimated at 17% of the population (Kisaakyeet al., 2018 ) Tanzania's national initiative was to incorporate the vaccine into the national immunization program in 2018 as a strategy as a primary prevention to address the high cervical cancer burden among adolescent girls aged 9 to 14 years old to protect the greatest number of girls. When adequate HPV vaccine supplies became available, these females were inoculated (Alex et al, 2021 ). This program was introduced in health policy as strategic planning for the protection of adolescent girls from HPV infections (Bruni, et al., 2019 ). Various interventions have been introduced to curb the low uptake problem. Such initiatives include the free provision of the vaccine by efforts of the Tanzanian government. Additionally, the introduction of radio and television awareness programs to increase awareness about cervical cancer and the importance of the HPV vaccine as the recommended prevention act to the public. Additionally, the MoH ensures that the vaccine is available to all health facilities and conducts outreach vaccination services to the general community and primary and secondary schools (Li et al., 2022). Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the determinants of HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent girls using the Kibaha Town Council as a case study. METHODS Study Design and Setting A cross-sectional research design was used in the study involving 385 respondents, of whom 344 were girls aged between 13 and 18 years from 5 preselected secondary schools found in Kibaha district councils, 40 parents and 1 immunization and vaccine officer. The study was conducted in Kibaha town district as the district was selected because the estimation of the vaccination rate of HPV2 is 14%, which is low compared to other districts in Pwani region such as in Bgamoyo HPV2 is 18%, Kibiti 19%, Chalinze 19% and Mafia 46% (media seminar report, 2020). Sampling Techniques Purposive sampling and simple random sampling were used as sampling techniques for the study. Purposive sampling was used to select the district immunization and vaccination officer and 40 parents for qualitative data collection. Simple random sampling was first used to choose five secondary schools from a list of 40 schools in the Kibaha town council. Furthermore, a simple random sampling selection procedure was utilized to choose 17 individuals from each class in the five designated schools with the participants chosen randomly. Data Collection Tools and Methods Primary data were collected using the structured questionnaire from adolescent girls in secondary schools and focus group discussion from parents, while secondary data were collected by reviewing various documents related to the study topic, including annual reports of HPV vaccine distribution (regionwise) and other scholarly documents related to HPV vaccine uptake. Data Management and Analysis Data were recorded from the questionnaires and entered in Microsoft Excel for data cleaning. After the data cleaning was completed, the clean data were exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 26 and are presented as frequencies, percentages and tables. Chi-square tests were used to test for an association between perceptions of the uptake of HPV among adolescent girls and the level of uptake of the HPV vaccine. Ethical Considerations Ethical clearance was provided by the Directorate of Research, Publication and Postgraduate Studies with reference number MU/DPGS/INT/38/Vol.IV/223. A data collection permit was given at the district level through a letter with reference number KTC/E.40/3V0L.VIII/279. The researcher ensured that he sought the consent of participants to participate in the study, provided information and ensured that confidentiality was adhered to for the respondents who participated in the study. RESULTS Demographic Information of Respondents The data from the study reveal demographic information and vaccination rates among 344 respondents. In terms of age, the majority fell within the 16–18 age group (51.7%), followed by those aged 13–15 (32.5%) and those above 18 (16.8%). Regarding academic qualifications, the largest group consisted of students in Form 3–4 (38.6%), followed by Form 1–2 (35.1%) and Form 5–6 (26.3%). Regarding vaccination rates, a significant portion of respondents (74.1%) had received vaccinations, while 25.9% had not. These data provide insights into the age distribution, academic qualifications, and vaccination status of the participants in the study. Table 1 Demographic Information (Secondary School Girls) Description Frequency(N) Percentage (%) Age 13–15 112 32.5 16–18 178 51.7 Above 18 54 16.8 Total 344 100 Academic qualifications Form 1–2 121 35.1 Form 3–4 133 38.6 Form 5–6 90 26.3 Total 344 100 Vaccination Rate Yes 255 74.1 No 89 25.9 Total 344 100 Level of HPV Vaccine Uptake among Adolescent Girls The first question needed to address the level of consumption of Dose 1 and Dose 2 of the HPV vaccine among girls of the secondary schools in the Kibaha Town Council. The findings showed that the first dosage had a success rate of more than 90%, while the second dosage had a success rate of 65%, which is lower than that of the 1st dosage. District Immunization and Vaccine Officer said that: “ In our effort to combat cervical cancer, we have been working hard to increase the uptake of HPV vaccines in our community specifically toward adolescent girls. To date, we have achieved more than a 90% success rate of providing the first dose and only 65% for the second dosage compared to the previous years ” (District Immunization and Vaccine Officer). The study also wanted to understand if there are any visible adverse effects for an individual upon taking the HPV vaccine. Generally, the study found that there were no life-threatening side effects that were recorded by the recipients of the HPV vaccine that were caused by the HPV vaccine. “ During this vaccination cycle, we have not received any life-harming or life-threatening case as a follow-up of an individual who has taken an HPV vaccine for both the 1st and 2nd dosage. However, there are some cases of headaches, dizziness, tiredness and nausea that some patients experience as side effects of the vaccine which also do not last more than 48 hours and the person will get back to her normal self. ” (District Immunization and Vaccine Officer). Regarding parents’/guardians’ support of their children to take the HPV vaccine, we found that knowledge and information have been vital to bring awareness to parents regarding the usefulness of the HPV vaccine. However, the findings also showed that despite having appropriate knowledge and information dissemination, some parents are still hesitant to allow their children to use the HPV vaccine. The response provided was as follows: “ Through proper knowledge and information dissemination, parents have well received the HPV vaccine program and have accepted the uptake of the HPV vaccine to their children. Although there are still parents who are hesitant to allow their children to take up vaccines due to personal beliefs, we believe that in time and with proper knowledge facilitation, more parents become aware and accept the use of HPV vaccines. ” (District Immunization and Vaccine Officer). We also determined if the students accepted the vaccine without being forced. The results show that knowledge and education awareness sessions were instrumental in providing the students with the necessary knowledge to be aware of the importance of the HPV vaccine, which made the students make conscious decisions regarding whether to use the HPV vaccine. “Yes, students are not forced to uptake the HPV vaccine against their will or choice. We tend to provide knowledge sessions and educative awareness talks to the prospective recipients of the vaccine prior to giving to them to provide them with enough information about the vaccination process and hence help the student to undertake the HPV vaccine voluntarily ” (District Immunization and Vaccine Officer). Table 2 Level of HPV vaccine uptake data for 2022 in the Kibaha Town Council Category Number of Adolescent Girls Percentage (%) Total Girls with HPV Uptake 4,800 100% Girls with Successful First Dose 4,500 93.75% Girls with All Doses Completed 2,300 47.92% Girls without Second Dose 2,500 52.08% Source Kibaha District Profile (2022). Perceptions of the Uptake of HPV Vaccine among Adolescent Girls The study's data show that a substantial majority of the 344 respondents recognize the importance of HPV vaccination in preventing cervical cancer, with 95.9% in agreement. Additionally, a significant portion of the respondents (66%) reported being comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with their parents, friends, or healthcare providers, highlighting the potential influence of this comfort on increased vaccine uptake among adolescent girls. Furthermore, the majority of respondents (89.6%) believed that the HPV vaccine does not have negative health side effects, which could positively impact vaccine uptake. Moreover, the data indicate that 58.4% of respondents found HPV vaccines easily accessible, potentially influential in encouraging more adolescent girls to get vaccinated. Finally, the study's findings showed that 87.5% of respondents agreed that the HPV vaccine is necessary to promote good public health for young girls, emphasizing its significance in maintaining the health of young girls and preventing cervical cancer. Table 3 Perception toward the uptake of the HPV vaccine among adolescent girls S/N Statement Perception toward the uptake of the HPV Vaccine Yes % No % 1. HPV vaccine is important for preventing cervical cancer 330 95.9 14 4.1 2. You are comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with your parents, friends, or healthcare providers 227 66 117 34 3. HPV Vaccine has potential health side effects for recipients 36 10.4 308 89.6 4. HPV vaccine is easily accessible for recipients who want to take the vaccine 201 58.4 143 41.6 5. HPV Vaccine is necessary to promote good public health for young girls 301 87.5 43 12.5 Association between Perception toward the Uptake of HPV Vaccine and Level of Uptake of HPV The first variable, \"HPV vaccine is important for preventing cervical cancer,\" reveals a significant chi-square value of 4.118 with a p value of.042, suggesting that there is a relationship between respondents' completion of the HPV vaccine dosage and their belief in the vaccine's importance for preventing cervical cancer. The second variable, \"You are comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with your parents, friends, or healthcare providers,\" shows a chi-square value of 1.795 with a p value of.180. Although not statistically significant (p > .05). The third variable, \"HPV vaccine has potential health side effects to recipients,\" has a very low chi-square value of 0.200 with a high p value of.655. The fourth variable, \"HPV vaccine is easily accessible for recipients who want to take the vaccine,\" demonstrates a chi-square value of 5.378 with a p value of.020, indicating that accessibility does play a significant role in vaccine completion. The final variable, \"HPV vaccine is necessary to promote good public health for young girls,\" displays a chi-square value of.734 with a p value of.392, suggesting that the perception of the vaccine's necessity for public health does not significantly affect completion rates. Table 4.4 Association between Perception toward the Uptake of HPV Vaccine and Level of Uptake of HPV Variable Have You Completed the Dosage of the HPV Vaccine Chi-Square Value p value d.f Yes N (%) No N (%) HPV vaccine is important for preventing cervical cancer Yes 162 168 4.118 .042 1 No 3 11 You are comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with your parents, friends, or healthcare providers Yes 103 124 1.795 .180 1 No 62 55 HPV Vaccine has potential health side effects for recipients Yes 16 20 0.200 .655 1 No 149 159 HPV vaccine is easily accessible for recipients who want to take the vaccine Yes 107 94 5.378 .020 1 No 58 85 HPV Vaccine is necessary to promote good public health for young girls Yes 147 154 .734 .392 1 No 18 25 DISCUSSION The findings from the interview that was conducted with the DIVO suggested that the first dose of HPV achieved a success rate of more than 90%, while the second dose had a lower take rate of 65%. From the findings, it can be determined that although the HPV vaccine uptake first dosage has been successfully administered in a high percentage, the recipients have not shown the same response to the second dosage, which implies that people have not been well-sensitized to the importance of partaking both dosages as needed. Although there is an increase in the frequency of recipients of HPV vaccines year by year, there is still a degree of inconsistency in the number of dosages that the recipients receive. The findings are complemented by Jones et al. (2020), who stated that the uptake of HPV vaccines in Tanzania has been increasing over the years. Additionally, the health officer mentioned that with proper knowledge dissemination, parents have been supporting their children in taking the HPV vaccine, as it shows the crucial role that parental care and support play in HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent girls. However, not all parents understand the significance of the HPV vaccine, as some parents show hesitancy due to their own personal beliefs and experiences. In regards to the question directed to the health officer, if there are any visible side effects to the end user of HPV vaccine uptake, the response from the health officer indicated that there was no any life-threatening case that was reported as a response of an individual taking the HPV vaccine. However, there are mild symptoms that can be observed, such as nausea, headache, and fever, which align with the findings shown by Vu et al. ( 2019 ), who suggested that side effects such as headaches, nausea, fever, tiredness, and dizziness commonly occur within 48 hours after taking the HPV vaccine. Additional studies showed the overall profile of safety of the HPV vaccine, as it is generally tolerable with temporary and mild side effects to some users. From such findings, it can be determined that disclosing full information concerning the safety of the HPV vaccine to the public is vital to maintaining public trust and confidence in the immunization program, whereby highlighting the duration of the mild and temporary symptoms can help to address the misconception that the public has toward the safety of the HPV vaccine. Furthermore, among the issues that the objective aimed to determine is whether the recipients of the vaccines (adolescent girls) are forced to partake in the vaccine. The responses indicated that the recipients were not forced to receive the HPV vaccine, but instead, they were provided with knowledge and educational awareness sessions that helped them make conscious and informed decisions. Such findings show that the dissemination of proper knowledge concerning the HPV vaccine helps to raise awareness among recipients and helps them make decisions that reflect their knowledge and understanding of the HPV vaccine toward their health. The approach of using education and knowledge to help girls make an informed decision and empowering individuals to make voluntary choices regarding the HPV vaccine aligns with the findings of Vu et al. ( 2019 ), who stated that parents/guardians and healthcare providers should ensure that students have access to accurate information and understanding of the benefits and risks of the HPV vaccine, as it can positively influence their decision to accept the vaccine. The findings revealed that 330 respondents (95.9%) agreed that the HPV vaccine is important in preventing cervical cancer. The high number of respondents who agreed reflects the awareness and understanding among the majority of the respondents on the significance of the HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer and HPV-related diseases. The findings can be complemented by the findings made by Jones et al. (2021), who suggested that understanding the significance of the HPV vaccine and how it is useful in saving lives can be a great influential factor that causes a high frequency of users of the HPV vaccine around the world. Additionally, Smith et al. ( 2021 ) suggested that their awareness of the importance of the HPV vaccine is a catalyst for influencing many adolescent girls to use the HPV vaccine to help prevent HPV-related diseases. Regarding the assessment of the comfort level that the recipients of the vaccine have toward discussing the HPV vaccine among their parents, family, friends and healthcare providers. The findings showed that the majority of the respondents (227–66%) felt that they were comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with their family, friends, parents and healthcare providers, which signified a large portion of respondents who felt at ease discussing with their peers about the HPV vaccine. The findings show that currently, due to easy access to information and an increase in awareness among the communities, most adolescent girls are able to address the issue of the HPV vaccine and their usage in the communities without feeling shame and stereotyped, as it also shows that the community has gained understanding of the importance of listening and providing information to adolescent girls about HPV, which will help them make conscious and informed decisions regarding whether to use the HPV vaccine. Such comfortability can act as a determinant and influential factor that can lead to an increase in HPV vaccines according to Kahn et al. ( 2016 ), who suggested that most individuals who are comfortable addressing past the stereotype of seeking HPV vaccine and knowledge are likely to partake in the HPV vaccine compared to those people who do not talk or seek information about the HPV vaccine. The majority of the respondents (308–89.6%) believed that there is no health threat or potential health risk that is associated with the HPV vaccine. The findings suggest that the perception that the majority of the respondents have that there is no potential health-related risk associated with HPV vaccine uptake is among the determining factors that contribute to an increase in HPV vaccine use among adolescent girls in Kibaha Town Council secondary schools. The findings are complemented by the findings made by Marlow et al. ( 2013 ), who stated that perception plays a great role in increasing HPV vaccine uptake, as perceived susceptibility to HPV infection and perceived vaccine effectiveness act as key determinants influencing HPV vaccine uptake. Vu et al. ( 2020 ) added that perception-related factors, including the benefits of vaccination, HPV severity and barriers to HPV vaccine uptake, are important predictors of an individual’s readiness to take the HPV vaccine. Concerning the accessibility of the HPV vaccine, the fourth question for the second objective aimed to identify if the respondents think that the vaccines are easily accessible. The findings suggested that 201 respondents (58.4%) reported that the vaccines are easily and readily accessible. The findings suggested that the majority of the respondents believe that HPV vaccines are easily and readily available, which can be among the determining factors that influence and encourage more girls to take the vaccine. In determining the views of the respondents regarding whether the HPV vaccine is necessary to promote good public health among girls, a significant proportion (87.5%) of the respondents agreed that the HPV vaccine is necessary to promote good health among girls. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents agreed that the HPV vaccine is necessary to promote good health among girls, which implies that people have recognized the necessity of the HPV vaccine in promoting good health among young girls and preventing cervical cancer. The public came to such an understanding due to an increase in information regarding the significance of the HPV vaccine and hence helped the public to become more aware of the importance of the HPV vaccine and encourage their peers, specifically adolescent girls, to take the vaccine to promote good health of the targeted demographic. These findings are supported by the findings of Brewer et al. (2011), who stated that girls who received the HPV vaccine are likely to engage in preventive healthcare behaviors and indicate that the HPV vaccine can act as a gateway in promoting overall health in girls. CONCLUSION From the findings, it can be concluded that the majority of respondents recognize the significance of HPV vaccination in preventing cervical cancer, which suggests a strong endorsement for the use of the HPV vaccine. Second, the findings showed that the majority of respondents were comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with their parents, friends and healthcare providers, as such open conversations can help increase vaccine uptake. Furthermore, the perception of minimal negative health side effects associated with the HPV vaccine is reassuring for potential users. Last, the general consensus that the HPV vaccine is necessary for promoting good public health among young girls underscores its role in safeguarding against cervical cancer. Declarations Acknowledgment I want to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the entire staff and my fellow students at Mzumbe University's main campus in Morogoro, whose invaluable support and collaboration have been an essential part of my educational journey. While not all could be mentioned, their unwavering cooperation has been instrumental. Last, but certainly not least, my deep appreciation goes to the District Director of Kibaha Town Council, the dedicated District Immunization and Vaccine Officer, the esteemed District Education Officer, and the exceptional teachers, parents and students who graciously participated in the data collection phase. Your collective partnership has been a cornerstone of this endeavor. Conflict of Interest The authors declare no competing interests. Authors’ Contributions This manuscript is based on a study conducted in the partial fulfillment of a Master’s Degree in Health Systems Management (2023). Nehemia Ngailo designed the study. 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WHO (2018) International Agency for Research on Cancer : United Republic of Tanzania, fact sheet. Retrieved on 9 th 2022 from https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/ factsheets/populations/834-tanzania-united-republic-of-fact-sheets.pdf. WHO (2020). Costing the National Response to Cervical Cancer: United Republic of Tanzania, 2020—2024. Accessed from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/cervical-cancer/tanzania-cxca-costing-report-20201113.pdf?sfvrsn=52df04eb_4#:~:text=In%202018%20Tanzania%20had%20the.Retrieved on 6th May 2022. Graph Graph 2 is available in the Supplementary Files section. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Graph2.jpg Graph 2: Level of HPV vaccine uptake data for 2022 in the Kibaha Town Council Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-3847753\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":266301110,\"identity\":\"f0d2bc0a-6ca6-49fe-866c-a39c362a36c2\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"NEHEMIA NGAILO\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCAw+AhAEDY/ODD0AGGzsxWhLAWpjbDGeAtDATYw1EC3uDNA+IR0iLOf/ihwcSKu7ImbM3Nhjb/Nomz8fMwPjhYw5uLZYznhkcSDjzzNiy52DD49y+24ZtzAzMkjO34dZicOOAwYHEtsOJG24kNhjn9txmBGphY+bFq+X4B5CW+g33HzZIW/bcties5XwP2JYEgxuMDdIMP24nEmELTwHQL4cNN5xJbDPsbbid3MbM2IzfL+ePb/7woeKwvMHx448f/Phz23Z+e/PBDx/xaGGQSEDiMLaByQY86oGA/wAy7w9+xaNgFIyCUTAyAQD9aV6M6aVFAQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Mzumbe University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"NEHEMIA\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"NGAILO\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":266301111,\"identity\":\"9c35316d-d2f4-4492-b3c3-e39da0d35d7c\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Lawrencia Mushi\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Mzumbe University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Lawrencia\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Mushi\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2024-01-09 09:01:39\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3847753/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3847753/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":49628709,\"identity\":\"0b9281d2-bf96-4951-8f6d-2b3d3470a294\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-01-15 15:09:08\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":383491,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3847753/v1/7edfb9c5-697b-4043-9d49-b2d4244f5bde.pdf\"},{\"id\":49510235,\"identity\":\"57e214eb-fee4-45fe-8839-1da97bbd5f49\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-01-12 06:00:39\",\"extension\":\"jpg\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"supplement\",\"size\":60374,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eGraph 2: Level of HPV vaccine uptake data for 2022 in the Kibaha Town Council\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Graph2.jpg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3847753/v1/8dd194413f22918622a001d0.jpg\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eDeterminants of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Uptake Among Adolescent Girls at Selected Secondary Schools in Kibaha Town Council\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"INTRODUCTION\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a virus that causes many cancers in women, including cervical cancers that are transmitted through sexual intercourse (CDC, 2020). The level of human papilloma virus is as high as 83% of HPV infections among girls whose age ranked between 13\\u0026ndash;19 years after up to eight years of follow-up postvaccination (Doorbar, 2015).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCervical cancer kills one woman every two minutes and affects approximately 570,000 women worldwide, with an estimated 311,000 fatalities, with more than 85% of deaths occurring in less developed countries (Runge et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR18\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2019\\u003c/span\\u003e). As a result, cervical cancer has become a global challenge, with an annual incidence rate of 85% and a crude mortality rate of more than 87%, and is the fourth leading cause of death among women of childbearing age, with the only recommended solution being the administration of the full dose of HPV vaccines to adolescent girls (Runge et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR18\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2019\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHowever, vaccine uptake against HPV remains low in many African countries. As a result, the level of HPV vaccine uptake in Uganda in 2019 was 17.61%, resulting in high rates of cervical cancer (Ndiko \\u0026amp; Oboh, 2019). In Ethiopia, vaccine uptake is also low, with only 7,445 new cases of cervical cancer diagnosed each year and over 6,000 women dying from it (Begoihn et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR2\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2019\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSimilar to Tanzania, HPV vaccines were introduced in 2014, and strategies to increase HPV uptake of the first and second doses coverage to at least 80% of adolescent girls in schools started being implemented in 2018 (WHO, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR24\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2020\\u003c/span\\u003e), but implementation has been challenging due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Because cervical cancer is the main cause of death in Uganda, Uganda also introduced the HPV vaccine in East African nations as a coping mechanism and primary preventative measure against the disease (Nakisige et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR16\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2020\\u003c/span\\u003e). Although these new initiatives have a significant impact on public health, there are still problems with the vaccination of adolescents between the ages of 9 and 15. As a result, the government began offering the HPV vaccine for free to approximately 140,000 preadolescents. However, adoption has remained low in many areas of the nation, with the average adoption rate estimated at 17% of the population (Kisaakyeet al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR14\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2018\\u003c/span\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTanzania's national initiative was to incorporate the vaccine into the national immunization program in 2018 as a strategy as a primary prevention to address the high cervical cancer burden among adolescent girls aged 9 to 14 years old to protect the greatest number of girls. When adequate HPV vaccine supplies became available, these females were inoculated (Alex et al, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2021\\u003c/span\\u003e). This program was introduced in health policy as strategic planning for the protection of adolescent girls from HPV infections (Bruni, et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2019\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVarious interventions have been introduced to curb the low uptake problem. Such initiatives include the free provision of the vaccine by efforts of the Tanzanian government. Additionally, the introduction of radio and television awareness programs to increase awareness about cervical cancer and the importance of the HPV vaccine as the recommended prevention act to the public. Additionally, the MoH ensures that the vaccine is available to all health facilities and conducts outreach vaccination services to the general community and primary and secondary schools (Li et al., 2022).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTherefore, this study was conducted to assess the determinants of HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent girls using the Kibaha Town Council as a case study.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"METHODS\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec3\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eStudy Design and Setting\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eA cross-sectional research design was used in the study involving 385 respondents, of whom 344 were girls aged between 13 and 18 years from 5 preselected secondary schools found in Kibaha district councils, 40 parents and 1 immunization and vaccine officer. The study was conducted in Kibaha town district as the district was selected because the estimation of the vaccination rate of HPV2 is 14%, which is low compared to other districts in Pwani region such as in Bgamoyo HPV2 is 18%, Kibiti 19%, Chalinze 19% and Mafia 46% (media seminar report, 2020).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec4\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eSampling Techniques\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePurposive sampling and simple random sampling were used as sampling techniques for the study. Purposive sampling was used to select the district immunization and vaccination officer and 40 parents for qualitative data collection. Simple random sampling was first used to choose five secondary schools from a list of 40 schools in the Kibaha town council. Furthermore, a simple random sampling selection procedure was utilized to choose 17 individuals from each class in the five designated schools with the participants chosen randomly.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec5\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eData Collection Tools and Methods\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary data were collected using the structured questionnaire from adolescent girls in secondary schools and focus group discussion from parents, while secondary data were collected by reviewing various documents related to the study topic, including annual reports of HPV vaccine distribution (regionwise) and other scholarly documents related to HPV vaccine uptake.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec6\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eData Management and Analysis\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eData were recorded from the questionnaires and entered in Microsoft Excel for data cleaning. After the data cleaning was completed, the clean data were exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 26 and are presented as frequencies, percentages and tables. Chi-square tests were used to test for an association between perceptions of the uptake of HPV among adolescent girls and the level of uptake of the HPV vaccine.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec7\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eEthical Considerations\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEthical clearance was provided by the Directorate of Research, Publication and Postgraduate Studies with reference number MU/DPGS/INT/38/Vol.IV/223. A data collection permit was given at the district level through a letter with reference number KTC/E.40/3V0L.VIII/279. The researcher ensured that he sought the consent of participants to participate in the study, provided information and ensured that confidentiality was adhered to for the respondents who participated in the study.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"RESULTS\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec9\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eDemographic Information of Respondents\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe data from the study reveal demographic information and vaccination rates among 344 respondents. In terms of age, the majority fell within the 16\\u0026ndash;18 age group (51.7%), followed by those aged 13\\u0026ndash;15 (32.5%) and those above 18 (16.8%). Regarding academic qualifications, the largest group consisted of students in Form 3\\u0026ndash;4 (38.6%), followed by Form 1\\u0026ndash;2 (35.1%) and Form 5\\u0026ndash;6 (26.3%). Regarding vaccination rates, a significant portion of respondents (74.1%) had received vaccinations, while 25.9% had not. These data provide insights into the age distribution, academic qualifications, and vaccination status of the participants in the study.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab1\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 1\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDemographic Information (Secondary School Girls)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDescription\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency(N)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAge\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13\\u0026ndash;15\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e112\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e32.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16\\u0026ndash;18\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e178\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e51.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAbove 18\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e54\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eTotal\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e344\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e100\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\" nameend=\\\"c3\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eAcademic qualifications\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eForm 1\\u0026ndash;2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e121\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e35.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eForm 3\\u0026ndash;4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e133\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e38.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eForm 5\\u0026ndash;6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e90\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e26.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eTotal\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e344\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e100\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eVaccination Rate\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e255\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e74.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e89\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e25.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eTotal\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e344\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e100\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec10\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eLevel of HPV Vaccine Uptake among Adolescent Girls\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe first question needed to address the level of consumption of Dose 1 and Dose 2 of the HPV vaccine among girls of the secondary schools in the Kibaha Town Council. The findings showed that the first dosage had a success rate of more than 90%, while the second dosage had a success rate of 65%, which is lower than that of the 1st dosage. District Immunization and Vaccine Officer said that:\\u003cdiv class=\\\"BlockQuote\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026ldquo;\\u003cem\\u003eIn our effort to combat cervical cancer, we have been working hard to increase the uptake of HPV vaccines in our community specifically toward adolescent girls. To date, we have achieved more than a 90% success rate of providing the first dose and only 65% for the second dosage compared to the previous years\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026rdquo; (District Immunization and Vaccine Officer).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe study also wanted to understand if there are any visible adverse effects for an individual upon taking the HPV vaccine. Generally, the study found that there were no life-threatening side effects that were recorded by the recipients of the HPV vaccine that were caused by the HPV vaccine.\\u003cdiv class=\\\"BlockQuote\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026ldquo;\\u003cem\\u003eDuring this vaccination cycle, we have not received any life-harming or life-threatening case as a follow-up of an individual who has taken an HPV vaccine for both the 1st and 2nd dosage. However, there are some cases of headaches, dizziness, tiredness and nausea that some patients experience as side effects of the vaccine which also do not last more than 48 hours and the person will get back to her normal self.\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026rdquo; (District Immunization and Vaccine Officer).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRegarding parents\\u0026rsquo;/guardians\\u0026rsquo; support of their children to take the HPV vaccine, we found that knowledge and information have been vital to bring awareness to parents regarding the usefulness of the HPV vaccine. However, the findings also showed that despite having appropriate knowledge and information dissemination, some parents are still hesitant to allow their children to use the HPV vaccine. The response provided was as follows:\\u003cdiv class=\\\"BlockQuote\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026ldquo;\\u003cem\\u003eThrough proper knowledge and information dissemination, parents have well received the HPV vaccine program and have accepted the uptake of the HPV vaccine to their children. Although there are still parents who are hesitant to allow their children to take up vaccines due to personal beliefs, we believe that in time and with proper knowledge facilitation, more parents become aware and accept the use of HPV vaccines.\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026rdquo; (District Immunization and Vaccine Officer).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eWe also determined if the students accepted the vaccine without being forced. The results show that knowledge and education awareness sessions were instrumental in providing the students with the necessary knowledge to be aware of the importance of the HPV vaccine, which made the students make conscious decisions regarding whether to use the HPV vaccine.\\u003cdiv class=\\\"BlockQuote\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\u0026ldquo;Yes, students are not forced to uptake the HPV vaccine against their will or choice. We tend to provide knowledge sessions and educative awareness talks to the prospective recipients of the vaccine prior to giving to them to provide them with enough information about the vaccination process and hence help the student to undertake the HPV vaccine voluntarily\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026rdquo; (District Immunization and Vaccine Officer).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab2\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 2\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLevel of HPV vaccine uptake data for 2022 in the Kibaha Town Council\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCategory\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of Adolescent Girls\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTotal Girls with HPV Uptake\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4,800\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e100%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGirls with Successful First Dose\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4,500\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e93.75%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGirls with All Doses Completed\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2,300\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e47.92%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGirls without Second Dose\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2,500\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e52.08%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003eSource\\u003c/strong\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eKibaha District Profile (2022).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec12\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003ePerceptions of the Uptake of HPV Vaccine among Adolescent Girls\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe study's data show that a substantial majority of the 344 respondents recognize the importance of HPV vaccination in preventing cervical cancer, with 95.9% in agreement. Additionally, a significant portion of the respondents (66%) reported being comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with their parents, friends, or healthcare providers, highlighting the potential influence of this comfort on increased vaccine uptake among adolescent girls. Furthermore, the majority of respondents (89.6%) believed that the HPV vaccine does not have negative health side effects, which could positively impact vaccine uptake. Moreover, the data indicate that 58.4% of respondents found HPV vaccines easily accessible, potentially influential in encouraging more adolescent girls to get vaccinated. Finally, the study's findings showed that 87.5% of respondents agreed that the HPV vaccine is necessary to promote good public health for young girls, emphasizing its significance in maintaining the health of young girls and preventing cervical cancer.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab3\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 3\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePerception toward the uptake of the HPV vaccine among adolescent girls\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\" colnum=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eS/N\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eStatement\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePerception toward the uptake of the HPV Vaccine\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e1.\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHPV vaccine is important for preventing cervical cancer\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e330\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e95.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e2.\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYou are comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with your parents, friends, or healthcare providers\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e227\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e66\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e117\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e34\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e3.\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHPV Vaccine has potential health side effects for recipients\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e36\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e308\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e89.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e4.\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHPV vaccine is easily accessible for recipients who want to take the vaccine\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e201\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e58.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e143\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e41.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e5.\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHPV Vaccine is necessary to promote good public health for young girls\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e301\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e87.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e43\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e12.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec13\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eAssociation between Perception toward the Uptake of HPV Vaccine and Level of Uptake of HPV\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe first variable, \\\"HPV vaccine is important for preventing cervical cancer,\\\" reveals a significant chi-square value of 4.118 with a p value of.042, suggesting that there is a relationship between respondents' completion of the HPV vaccine dosage and their belief in the vaccine's importance for preventing cervical cancer. The second variable, \\\"You are comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with your parents, friends, or healthcare providers,\\\" shows a chi-square value of 1.795 with a p value of.180. Although not statistically significant (p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026gt;\\u0026thinsp;.05). The third variable, \\\"HPV vaccine has potential health side effects to recipients,\\\" has a very low chi-square value of 0.200 with a high p value of.655. The fourth variable, \\\"HPV vaccine is easily accessible for recipients who want to take the vaccine,\\\" demonstrates a chi-square value of 5.378 with a p value of.020, indicating that accessibility does play a significant role in vaccine completion. The final variable, \\\"HPV vaccine is necessary to promote good public health for young girls,\\\" displays a chi-square value of.734 with a p value of.392, suggesting that the perception of the vaccine's necessity for public health does not significantly affect completion rates.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab4\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 4.4\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAssociation between Perception toward the Uptake of HPV Vaccine and Level of Uptake of HPV\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\" colnum=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c3\\\" namest=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHave You Completed the Dosage of the HPV Vaccine\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChi-Square Value\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ep value\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ed.f\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eN (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eN (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHPV vaccine is important for preventing cervical cancer\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e162\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e168\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.118\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e.042\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYou are comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with your parents, friends, or healthcare providers\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e103\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e124\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.795\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e.180\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e62\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e55\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHPV Vaccine has potential health side effects for recipients\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.200\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e.655\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e149\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e159\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHPV vaccine is easily accessible for recipients who want to take the vaccine\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e107\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e94\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5.378\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e.020\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e58\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHPV Vaccine is necessary to promote good public health for young girls\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e147\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e154\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e.734\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e.392\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e25\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"DISCUSSION\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThe findings from the interview that was conducted with the DIVO suggested that the first dose of HPV achieved a success rate of more than 90%, while the second dose had a lower take rate of 65%. From the findings, it can be determined that although the HPV vaccine uptake first dosage has been successfully administered in a high percentage, the recipients have not shown the same response to the second dosage, which implies that people have not been well-sensitized to the importance of partaking both dosages as needed. Although there is an increase in the frequency of recipients of HPV vaccines year by year, there is still a degree of inconsistency in the number of dosages that the recipients receive. The findings are complemented by Jones et al. (2020), who stated that the uptake of HPV vaccines in Tanzania has been increasing over the years.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAdditionally, the health officer mentioned that with proper knowledge dissemination, parents have been supporting their children in taking the HPV vaccine, as it shows the crucial role that parental care and support play in HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent girls. However, not all parents understand the significance of the HPV vaccine, as some parents show hesitancy due to their own personal beliefs and experiences.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIn regards to the question directed to the health officer, if there are any visible side effects to the end user of HPV vaccine uptake, the response from the health officer indicated that there was no any life-threatening case that was reported as a response of an individual taking the HPV vaccine. However, there are mild symptoms that can be observed, such as nausea, headache, and fever, which align with the findings shown by Vu et al. (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR22\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2019\\u003c/span\\u003e), who suggested that side effects such as headaches, nausea, fever, tiredness, and dizziness commonly occur within 48 hours after taking the HPV vaccine. Additional studies showed the overall profile of safety of the HPV vaccine, as it is generally tolerable with temporary and mild side effects to some users. From such findings, it can be determined that disclosing full information concerning the safety of the HPV vaccine to the public is vital to maintaining public trust and confidence in the immunization program, whereby highlighting the duration of the mild and temporary symptoms can help to address the misconception that the public has toward the safety of the HPV vaccine.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFurthermore, among the issues that the objective aimed to determine is whether the recipients of the vaccines (adolescent girls) are forced to partake in the vaccine. The responses indicated that the recipients were not forced to receive the HPV vaccine, but instead, they were provided with knowledge and educational awareness sessions that helped them make conscious and informed decisions. Such findings show that the dissemination of proper knowledge concerning the HPV vaccine helps to raise awareness among recipients and helps them make decisions that reflect their knowledge and understanding of the HPV vaccine toward their health. The approach of using education and knowledge to help girls make an informed decision and empowering individuals to make voluntary choices regarding the HPV vaccine aligns with the findings of Vu et al. (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR22\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2019\\u003c/span\\u003e), who stated that parents/guardians and healthcare providers should ensure that students have access to accurate information and understanding of the benefits and risks of the HPV vaccine, as it can positively influence their decision to accept the vaccine.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe findings revealed that 330 respondents (95.9%) agreed that the HPV vaccine is important in preventing cervical cancer. The high number of respondents who agreed reflects the awareness and understanding among the majority of the respondents on the significance of the HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer and HPV-related diseases. The findings can be complemented by the findings made by Jones et al. (2021), who suggested that understanding the significance of the HPV vaccine and how it is useful in saving lives can be a great influential factor that causes a high frequency of users of the HPV vaccine around the world. Additionally, Smith et al. (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR19\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2021\\u003c/span\\u003e) suggested that their awareness of the importance of the HPV vaccine is a catalyst for influencing many adolescent girls to use the HPV vaccine to help prevent HPV-related diseases.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRegarding the assessment of the comfort level that the recipients of the vaccine have toward discussing the HPV vaccine among their parents, family, friends and healthcare providers. The findings showed that the majority of the respondents (227\\u0026ndash;66%) felt that they were comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with their family, friends, parents and healthcare providers, which signified a large portion of respondents who felt at ease discussing with their peers about the HPV vaccine. The findings show that currently, due to easy access to information and an increase in awareness among the communities, most adolescent girls are able to address the issue of the HPV vaccine and their usage in the communities without feeling shame and stereotyped, as it also shows that the community has gained understanding of the importance of listening and providing information to adolescent girls about HPV, which will help them make conscious and informed decisions regarding whether to use the HPV vaccine. Such comfortability can act as a determinant and influential factor that can lead to an increase in HPV vaccines according to Kahn et al. (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR12\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2016\\u003c/span\\u003e), who suggested that most individuals who are comfortable addressing past the stereotype of seeking HPV vaccine and knowledge are likely to partake in the HPV vaccine compared to those people who do not talk or seek information about the HPV vaccine.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe majority of the respondents (308\\u0026ndash;89.6%) believed that there is no health threat or potential health risk that is associated with the HPV vaccine. The findings suggest that the perception that the majority of the respondents have that there is no potential health-related risk associated with HPV vaccine uptake is among the determining factors that contribute to an increase in HPV vaccine use among adolescent girls in Kibaha Town Council secondary schools. The findings are complemented by the findings made by Marlow et al. (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR15\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2013\\u003c/span\\u003e), who stated that perception plays a great role in increasing HPV vaccine uptake, as perceived susceptibility to HPV infection and perceived vaccine effectiveness act as key determinants influencing HPV vaccine uptake. Vu et al. (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR21\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2020\\u003c/span\\u003e) added that perception-related factors, including the benefits of vaccination, HPV severity and barriers to HPV vaccine uptake, are important predictors of an individual\\u0026rsquo;s readiness to take the HPV vaccine.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eConcerning the accessibility of the HPV vaccine, the fourth question for the second objective aimed to identify if the respondents think that the vaccines are easily accessible. The findings suggested that 201 respondents (58.4%) reported that the vaccines are easily and readily accessible. The findings suggested that the majority of the respondents believe that HPV vaccines are easily and readily available, which can be among the determining factors that influence and encourage more girls to take the vaccine.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIn determining the views of the respondents regarding whether the HPV vaccine is necessary to promote good public health among girls, a significant proportion (87.5%) of the respondents agreed that the HPV vaccine is necessary to promote good health among girls. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents agreed that the HPV vaccine is necessary to promote good health among girls, which implies that people have recognized the necessity of the HPV vaccine in promoting good health among young girls and preventing cervical cancer. The public came to such an understanding due to an increase in information regarding the significance of the HPV vaccine and hence helped the public to become more aware of the importance of the HPV vaccine and encourage their peers, specifically adolescent girls, to take the vaccine to promote good health of the targeted demographic. These findings are supported by the findings of Brewer et al. (2011), who stated that girls who received the HPV vaccine are likely to engage in preventive healthcare behaviors and indicate that the HPV vaccine can act as a gateway in promoting overall health in girls.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"CONCLUSION\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eFrom the findings, it can be concluded that the majority of respondents recognize the significance of HPV vaccination in preventing cervical cancer, which suggests a strong endorsement for the use of the HPV vaccine. Second, the findings showed that the majority of respondents were comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine with their parents, friends and healthcare providers, as such open conversations can help increase vaccine uptake. Furthermore, the perception of minimal negative health side effects associated with the HPV vaccine is reassuring for potential users. Last, the general consensus that the HPV vaccine is necessary for promoting good public health among young girls underscores its role in safeguarding against cervical cancer.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Declarations\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAcknowledgment\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eI want to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the entire staff and my fellow students at Mzumbe University\\u0026apos;s main campus in Morogoro, whose invaluable support and collaboration have been an essential part of my educational journey. While not all could be mentioned, their unwavering cooperation has been instrumental. Last, but certainly not least, my deep appreciation goes to the District Director of Kibaha Town Council, the dedicated District Immunization and Vaccine Officer, the esteemed District Education Officer, and the exceptional teachers, parents and students who graciously participated in the data collection phase. Your collective partnership has been a cornerstone of this endeavor.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eConflict of Interest\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAuthors\\u0026rsquo; Contributions\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis manuscript is based on a study conducted in the partial fulfillment of a Master\\u0026rsquo;s Degree in Health Systems Management (2023). Nehemia Ngailo designed the study. Dr. Lawrencia Mushi critically reviewed the study and contributed significantly to the development of the study. Nehemiah Ngailo collected cleaned and analyzed data. Nehemia Ngailo \\u0026amp; Lawrencia Mushi drafted the manuscript. All the authors have read, revised and approved the final manuscript.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003col\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eAlex et al, (2021) National Introduction of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccine in Tanzania: Programmatic Decision-Making and Implementation. Vaccine 40 (2022) A2-A9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.025.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eBegoihn M., Mathewos A., Aynalem A., Wondemagegnehu T., Moelle U., Gizaw M., Kantelhardt E. J. (2019). Cervical cancer in Ethiopia - predictors of advanced stage and prolonged time to diagnosis. Infect Agent Cancer, 14(1), 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-019-0255-4\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eBrewer N.T. Longitudinal predictors of human papillomavirus vaccine initiation among adolescent girls in a high-risk geographic area. Sex. Transm. Dis. 2011;38:197\\u0026ndash;204.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eBruni L, et al (2019) Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in Tanzania. SummaryReport.http://www.hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/TZA.pdf?t=1544735268334; accessed Nov 2022\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eCDC. A guide to taking a sexual history. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/sexualhistory.pdfpdf icon\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eDaley EM, Vamos CA, Thompson EL, V\\u0026aacute;zquez-Otero C, Griner SB, Merrell L, Kline N, Walker ., Driscoll A, Petrila J. The role of dental providers in preventing HPV-related diseases: A systems perspective. J Dent Educ. 2018.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eDoorbar J, et al. Human papillomavirus molecular biology and disease association.06 March 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.1822 Citations: 474\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eJit M et al. Potential lives saved in 73 countries by adopting multi-cohort vaccination of 9\\u0026ndash;14-year-old girls against human papillomavirus. Int J Cancer. 2018; 143: 317\\u0026ndash;23.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eJohnson Jones, M. L., Gargano, J. W., Powell, M., Park, I. U., Niccolai, L. M., Bennett, N. M., Griffin, M. R., Querec, T., Unger, E. R., Markowitz, L. E., \\u0026amp; HPV-IMPACT Working Group (2020). Effectiveness of 1, 2, and 3 Doses of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Against High-Grade Cervical Lesions Positive for Human Papillomavirus 16 or 18. \\u003cem\\u003eAmerican journal of epidemiology\\u003c/em\\u003e, \\u003cem\\u003e189\\u003c/em\\u003e(4), 265\\u0026ndash;276. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz253\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eJones, A.; Kawesa-Newell, N. Using branded behaviour change communication to create demand for the HPV vaccine among girls in Malawi: An evaluation of Girl Effect\\u0026rsquo;s Zathu mini magazine. Vaccine 2021, 40, A107\\u0026ndash;A115. \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eJuliethN , et al (2020) \\u003cem\\u003eHealth System Factors Influencing Uptake of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Vaccine among Adolescent Girls 9-15 Years in Uganda\\u003c/em\\u003e: Makerere University, Uganda.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eKahn JA, Widdice LE, Ding L, et al.. Substantial decline in vaccine-type human papillomavirus (HPV) among vaccinated young women during the first 8 years after HPV vaccine introduction in a community. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(10):1281\\u0026ndash;1287\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eKibaha District Profile (2021). \\u003cem\\u003eGovernment of \\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eTanzania\\u003c/em\\u003e. Retrieved 2023.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eKisaakye E., Namakula J., Kihembo C., Kisakye A., Nsubuga P., Babirye J. N. (2018). Level and factors associated with uptake of human papillomavirus infection vaccine among female adolescents in Lira district, Uganda. The Pan African Medical Journal, 31, 184. 10.11604/pamj.2018.31.184.14801.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMarlow L. A. V., Zimet G. D., McCaffery K. J., Ostini R., Waller J. (2013). Knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccination: An international comparison. Vaccine, 31, 763\\u0026ndash;769.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eNakisige C, Trawin J, Mitchell-Foster S, et al. Integrated cervical cancer screening in Mayuge District Uganda (ASPIRE Mayuge): a pragmatic sequential cluster randomized trial protocol. BMC Public Health. 2020; 20: 142.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eNdikom CM, Oboh P.(2019) Perception, Acceptance and Uptake of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine among Female Adolescents in Selected Secondary Schools in Nigeria: \\u003cem\\u003eAfrican Journal of Biomedical Research. 20 (3) p .237\\u0026ndash;44\\u003c/em\\u003e.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eRunge A, Bernsteina et al (2019). Tewari. Cervical cancer in Tanzania: A systematic review of current challenges in six domains. Gynecologic Oncology Reports 2019: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gore.2019.05.008\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eSmith MA, Winch K, Canfell K, Brotherton JM. Effective HPV vaccination coverage in Australia by number of doses and two-dose spacing: what if one or two doses are sufficient? Tumour Virus Res (2021) 11:200216. doi: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200216.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eTanzania Ministry of Health (2020). Media Seminar Report: Tanzania cervical cancer vaccine 33 months (2020)\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eVu M, King AR, Jang HM, Bednarczyk RA. Practice-, provider- and patient-level facilitators of and barriers to HPV vaccine promotion and uptake in Georgia: A qualitative study of healthcare providers\\u0026rsquo; perspectives. Health Education Research. 2020;35:512\\u0026ndash;523.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eVu M, Luu M, Haard\\u0026ouml;rfer R et al. A multilevel analysis of factors influencing the inaccuracy of parental reports of adolescent HPV vaccination status. Vaccine 2019; 37: 869\\u0026ndash;76.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eWHO (2018) \\u003cem\\u003eInternational Agency for Research on Cancer\\u003c/em\\u003e: United Republic of Tanzania, fact sheet. Retrieved on 9\\u003csup\\u003eth\\u003c/sup\\u003e 2022 \\u003cu\\u003efrom https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/ factsheets/populations/834-tanzania-united-republic-of-fact-sheets.pdf.\\u003c/u\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eWHO (2020). Costing the National Response to Cervical Cancer: United Republic of Tanzania, 2020\\u0026mdash;2024. Accessed from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/cervical-cancer/tanzania-cxca-costing-report-20201113.pdf?sfvrsn=52df04eb_4#:~:text=In%202018%20Tanzania%20had%20the.Retrieved on 6th May 2022.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Graph\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eGraph 2 is available in the Supplementary Files section.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Human Papilloma Virus, Vaccine, Adolescent Girls, Kibaha Town Council\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3847753/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3847753/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eBackground: \\u003c/strong\\u003eHuman papilloma virus infection rates among girls aged 13 to 19 years are as high as 83%. Cervical cancer kills one woman every two minutes and affects approximately 570,000 women worldwide.This study investigated determinants of human papilloma virus vaccine uptake among adolescent girls at selected secondary schools in the Kibaha Town Council.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eMethods: \\u003c/strong\\u003eThe research employed a mixed-method research approach. The study's sample size was 385 respondents, including 344 adolescent girl students, 40 parents/guardians, and 1 district immunization and vaccine officer. For quantitative data, the researcher collected the data and inserted them into Microsoft Excel for data sorting and cleaning. The cleaned data were then exported to SPSS version 26 to calculate descriptive data wich were represented in frequency and percentage. For qualitative data, the researcher used thematic content analysis.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eResults: \\u003c/strong\\u003eThe results showed that only 47.92% of the total adolescent girls completed both doses of the HPV vaccine, while 52.08% of respondents did not receive the second dose. 66% of the respondents felt comfortable discussing the HPV vaccine. Most respondents (89.6%) believed that no negative health side effects were associated with HPV vaccine uptake.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eConclusion: \\u003c/strong\\u003eThere is a notable gap between awareness and action regarding HPV vaccination. The majority of respondents are aware of the importance of HPV vaccination in preventing cervical cancer, which indicates strong support for using the HPV vaccine. However, this positive attitude does not seem to translate into a high rate of girls actually completing both doses of the vaccine.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Determinants of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Uptake Among Adolescent Girls at Selected Secondary Schools in Kibaha Town Council\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2024-01-12 06:00:34\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3847753/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"4dbcc88f-1462-41cd-9298-ceda0c5e8a7b\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"January 12th, 2024\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2024-01-15T15:01:00+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2024-01-12 06:00:34\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-3847753\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-3847753\",\"identity\":\"rs-3847753\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}