{"paper_id":"2e477407-2d64-4388-9fb0-5a8236bd51ca","body_text":"Chatbots' Performance in Premature Ejaculation Questions: A Comparative Analysis of Reliability, Readability, and Understandability | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Chatbots' Performance in Premature Ejaculation Questions: A Comparative Analysis of Reliability, Readability, and Understandability Serkan Gonultas, Sina Kardas, Mücahit Gelmiş, Abdullah Kinik, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6131594/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in International Journal of Impotence Research → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, readability, and understandability of chatbot responses to frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation, and to assess the contributions, potential risks, and limitations of artificial intelligence. Methods Fifteen questions were selected using data from Google Trends and posed to the chatbots Copilot, Gemini, ChatGPT 4o, ChatGPT 4o Plus, and DeepSeek-R1. Reliability was evaluated using the Global Quality Scala (GQS) scale by two experts, readability was assessed with the Flesch Reading Ease (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scales, and understandability was evaluated using the Patient Educational Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P) scale. Additionally, the consistency of source citations was examined. Results The GQS scores were as follows: Copilot: 3.96 ± 0.66, Gemini: 3.66 ± 0.78, ChatGPT 4o: 4.83 ± 0.23, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 4.83 ± 0.29, DeepSeek: 4.86 ± 0.22. The PEMAT-P scores were: Copilot: 0.70 ± 0.05, Gemini: 0.72 ± 0.04, ChatGPT 4o: 0.83 ± 0.03, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 0.77 ± 0.06, DeepSeek: 0.79 ± 0.06. While ChatGPT and DeepSeek scored higher for reliability and understandability, all chatbots performed at an acceptable level. However, readability scores were above the recommended level for the target audience. Instances of low reliability or unverified sources were noted, with no significant differences between the chatbots. Conclusion Chatbots provide highly reliable and informative responses regarding premature ejaculation; however, it is evident that there are significant limitations that require improvement, particularly concerning readability and the reliability of sources. Health sciences/Health care/Diagnosis Health sciences/Medical research/Translational research INTRODUCTION Premature ejaculation is among the most common sexual health disorders in men ( 1 , 2 ). It can result from a variety of etiological factors and may have a profound impact on an individual's overall quality of life and their relationships ( 3 , 4 ). Both traditional treatment approaches and modern technological advancements play a crucial role in managing premature ejaculation ( 5 , 6 ). However, patients with sexual dysfunctions, such as premature ejaculation, often hesitate to discuss these issues with their doctors and may first seek treatment through phone or internet channels ( 7 ). Recent studies have shown that patients increasingly use artificial intelligence applications to obtain information about urological disorders ( 8 ). Consequently, accurately and reliably answering frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation is critical for enhancing patients' access to correct information and raising awareness regarding treatment options. To date, no study has conducted a comparative evaluation of responses provided by widely used artificial intelligence chatbots regarding premature ejaculation. This article aims to examine the accuracy, readability, and understandability of responses provided by different artificial intelligence chatbot to frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation and to evaluate the contributions, potential risks, and limitations of artificial intelligence. METHODS Selection of Frequently Asked Questions: Frequently asked questions related to premature ejaculation from 2004 to the present were identified using Google Trends (https://trends.google.com) by searching for the keyword \"premature ejaculation.\" Additionally, five different chatbots, including Copilot (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, USA), Gemini (Google AI, CA, USA), ChatGPT 4o, ChatGPT 4o Plus (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA), and DeepSeek-R1 (Hangzhou DeepSeek AI Basic Technology, Hangzhou, China), were queried with the question, \"What are the frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation?\" and their responses were recorded. The data obtained from Google Trends and chatbot queries were systematically analyzed. Common questions were categorized according to their frequency. Less frequently asked questions, along with repeated ones, were listed separately. To minimize bias, all personal browser data were cleared prior to data collection. The questions identified from Google Trends results that overlapped with those generated by the chatbots were sequentially presented to them. Evaluation of Response Reliability The reliability of the responses generated by five different artificial intelligence chatbots was assessed by two expert urologists using the Global Quality Scala (GQS) scoring system (9). The GQS scale is a Likert-type instrument, with scores ranging from 1 to 5, designed to evaluate the reliability and utility of the responses. It is based on the assumption that the responses originate from credible medical sources and are considered beneficial for patients (Table 1). Evaluation of Response Readability The readability of the responses provided by five different artificial intelligence applications was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test (FKRT). The FKRT is designed to evaluate the level of difficulty in reading an English passage (10). It consists of two main components: the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). Although both tests rely on similar criteria, such as word and sentence length, they apply different weighting factors. The results of these tests are typically inversely related: a higher FRES score generally corresponds to a lower FKGL score. In the FRES test, higher scores indicate easier readability, while lower scores suggest more difficult text. Additionally, to assess the appropriateness of the responses for the target audience's level of comprehensibility, the Gunning Fog Index (GFI) and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scales were employed. The GFI scale is used to predict the level of formal education required for a person to understand a text on first reading and to verify whether the material can be easily understood by the target audience (11). For example, texts intended for a broad audience typically require a fog index of less than 12, while texts requiring near-universal comprehension generally have an index below 8. The SMOG scale, similarly, is used to estimate the level of education needed to understand a text (12) and is commonly applied to evaluate health-related messages. The GFI scale provides a simpler calculation of text comprehensibility (Table 1). Evaluation of Response understandability The understandability of the responses generated by five different artificial intelligence chatbots was assessed using the Patient Educational Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) scale. PEMAT is a reliable and valid instrument used to evaluate and compare the understandability and actionability of patient educational materials. Understandability refers to the likelihood that the reader or viewer can understand and explain the key messages of the material. Actionability refers to the likelihood that the reader or viewer knows how to act upon the information presented in the material (13). PEMAT calculates the understandability and actionability scores as percentages. There are two types of PEMAT: PEMAT-P for print materials and PEMAT-A/V for audiovisual materials. For the evaluation of the included resources, only print or website-viewable materials were assessed using PEMAT-P. PEMAT consists of a total of 26 questions, including 19 questions on understandability and seven questions on actionability. The response options include agree (1 point), disagree (0 points), or not applicable (which is excluded from the total score, thereby reducing the total possible points).A score of ≥70% on the PEMAT assessment was considered comprehensible (Table 1). Ethical Approval As the artificial intelligence chatbots utilized in this study are publicly accessible, and the study did not involve human or animal participants, ethical approval was not required. Statistical analysis SPSS Windows 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for the statistical analysis. Quantitative data were presented as median and interquartile range. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normal distribution of the data. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, followed by Mann-Whitney U test for binary comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p<0.005 following Bonferroni adjustment. The agreement between the experts was evaluated with Cohen's Kappa test. RESULTS A total of 55 frequently asked questions related to the keyword \"premature ejaculation\" were identified using Google Trends. It was observed that the top 15 most frequently asked questions closely aligned with those generated by the chatbots. The remaining questions consisted of less frequently asked and non-repetitive questions alongside duplicate ones. The 15 questions that showed correlation with Google Trends results were selected and posed to the Copilot, Gemini, ChatGPT 4o, ChatGPT 4o Plus, and DeepSeek chatbots for further analysis (Table 2). The GQS scores of all chatbots were found to be at an acceptable level of adequacy. The mean GQS scores were as follows: Copilot: 3.96±0.66, Gemini: 3.66±0.78, ChatGPT 4o: 4.83±0.23, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 4.83±0.29, and DeepSeek: 4.86±0.22. While no significant difference was observed between the GQS scores of Copilot and Gemini, their scores were significantly lower compared to the other chatbots. No significant differences were found among ChatGPT's free version, paid version, and DeepSeek (Table 2). Regarding source citations, the proportion of unverifiable and/or low-reliability sources cited was as follows: Copilot: 29%, Gemini: 27%, ChatGPT 4o: 32%, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 32%, and DeepSeek: 28%. No significant differences were observed in source reliability among the chatbots. The median FRES readability scores were as follows: Copilot: 29.27, Gemini: 34.40, ChatGPT 4o: 29.72, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 29.70, and DeepSeek: 25.54. The readability level of the Gemini chatbot was found to be significantly better than that of DeepSeek (p=0.003). No significant differences were observed among the other chatbots in terms of FRES scores. The median FKGL readability scores were as follows: Copilot: 13.70, Gemini: 12.54, ChatGPT 4o: 14.39, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 14.42, and DeepSeek: 14.09. The FKGL readability scores of the Gemini chatbot were significantly better than those of ChatGPT 4o and DeepSeek (p=0.004, p=0.002). No significant differences were found among the other chatbots in terms of FKGL scores. The median GFI scores were as follows: Copilot: 14.76, Gemini: 14.16, ChatGPT 4o: 14.53, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 13.97, and DeepSeek: 13.98. No significant differences were observed among the chatbots in terms of GFI scores. The median SMOG readability scores were as follows: Copilot: 15.90, Gemini: 15.02, ChatGPT 4o: 16.41, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 16.02, and DeepSeek: 16.28. The readability level of the Gemini chatbot was found to be significantly better than that of DeepSeek (p=0.004). No significant differences were observed among the other chatbots in terms of SMOG scores. Overall, the readability levels of the chatbot responses were found to be relatively high, making them unsuitable for individuals with an average level of education (Table 3). The mean PEMAT-P understandability scores were as follows: Copilot: 0.70±0.05, Gemini: 0.72±0.04, ChatGPT 4o: 0.83±0.03, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 0.77±0.06, and DeepSeek: 0.79±0.06. No significant difference was observed between Copilot and Gemini chatbots (p=0.814). However, their understandability scores were significantly lower than those of ChatGPT 4o and DeepSeek (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.001). Although a significant difference was found between ChatGPT 4o and ChatGPT 4o Plus, no significant difference was observed between ChatGPT 4o Plus and DeepSeek in terms of understandability scores (p=0.002, p=0.286). When evaluating the PEMAT-P understandability levels of the chatbots, the overall mean scores were found to be at an acceptable level (>0.70) (Table 4). DISCUSSION The use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases is one of the most widely debated topics in the field of medicine. Although AI systems have the potential to provide users with rapid and accessible responses, concerns persist regarding the accuracy, reliability, and readability of these responses (14,15). As in many other medical specialties, studies evaluating these concerns have gained prominence in the field of urology (16-19). In this study, responses provided by different chatbots to frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation were evaluated. A previous study in the literature assessed the responses generated by ChatGPT for popular keywords related to premature ejaculation and found that the readability scores required an education level beyond the generally accepted thresholds (20). These findings are consistent with our study. However, unlike that study, our research not only evaluates the reliability and readability scores of chatbot responses to specific question patterns but also comparatively assesses their understandability scores across different chatbots. In our study, the reliability scores of ChatGPT and DeepSeek were found to be higher than those of Gemini and Copilot. This suggests that ChatGPT and DeepSeek possess more robust datasets and advanced natural language processing capabilities in the medical domain. The ability of these chatbots to leverage extensive data sources enables them to provide more accurate and reliable medical information. However, despite the overall high reliability scores of all chatbots, the accuracy and validity of the information they provide remain critical issues that require careful evaluation. When assessing the reliability of the sources cited in chatbot responses, it was observed that, consistent with findings in the literature, source credibility remained low, and hallucinated references were present (19). These findings underscore the importance of integrating more robust and verified sources into chatbot systems to enhance their accuracy and reliability. In terms of readability scores, the language used by the Gemini chatbot was found to be simpler and more comprehensible compared to other chatbots. However, it was observed that the readability scores of all chatbots were generally misaligned with the target audience, often requiring a high level of education. This finding highlights how the complexity of medical topics and the use of technical terminology can limit readability for the general public. To ensure that information on commonly encountered conditions such as premature ejaculation is accessible to a broader audience, it is crucial to simplify the language used by medical chatbots. Users with lower educational backgrounds may struggle to fully comprehend the content provided by these chatbots, potentially negatively impacting health literacy and treatment adherence. In terms of understandability, although all chatbots achieved acceptable scores, ChatGPT and DeepSeek scored higher than Gemini and Copilot. This suggests that ChatGPT and DeepSeek may present medical terms and explanations in a more comprehensible manner. The accurate communication of medical terminology and concepts can help patients better understand the information provided and adopt a more appropriate approach to their treatment processes (14). However, the lower understandability scores of Gemini and Copilot may indicate that these platforms use more abstract language or provide insufficient explanations. In sensitive and personal topics such as premature ejaculation, the clearer and more understandable the medical information is presented, the more likely patients are to engage with this information and adhere to treatment recommendations. This study is the first to conduct a comparative analysis of responses provided by popular chatbots, including DeepSeek and ChatGPT 4o Plus, on the topic of premature ejaculation. By incorporating multiple chatbot models, it offers a unique opportunity to examine how different chatbots may vary in their responses. However, this study has some general limitations. First, the evaluation of chatbot responses was conducted within a specific timeframe, and it should be acknowledged that these systems may evolve over time. The accuracy of chatbot responses can be influenced by the recency and quality of the training data used in AI models. Consequently, the reliability and validity of chatbot-generated responses may vary across different time periods or training datasets. Another limitation is that the study's metrics focus solely on assessing the reliability and readability of textual responses. However, for a comprehensive evaluation of chatbot-generated medical information, linguistic and content-based analyses alone may not be sufficient. Factors such as patient satisfaction, alignment with clinical outcomes, and user experience should also be considered when assessing the overall quality of AI-driven medical guidance. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study demonstrates that chatbots provide highly reliable and comprehensive information on premature ejaculation. However, their usability remains significantly constrained by suboptimal readability levels and inconsistent source reliability. These systems should be utilized solely for informational purposes, and it is crucial to emphasize that professional medical consultation remains indispensable for conditions requiring clinical evaluation and treatment. References Porst H, Montorsi F, Rosen RC, Gaynor L, Grupe S, Alexander J. The premature ejaculation prevalence and attitudes (PEPA) survey: prevalence, comorbidities, and professional help-seeking. Eur Urol. 2007;51:816–23. Saitz TR, Serefoglu EC. The epidemiology of premature ejaculation. 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Int Urol Nephrol 56, 17–21 (2024) Warren CJ, Edmonds VS, Payne NG, Voletti S, Wu SY, Colquitt J, Sadeghi-Nejad H, Punjani N. Prompt matters: evaluation of large language model chatbot responses related to Peyronie's disease. Sex Med. 2024 Sep 9;12(4):qfae055. Şahin MF, Keleş A, Özcan R, Doğan Ç, Topkaç EC, Akgül M, Yazıci CM. Evaluation of information accuracy and clarity: ChatGPT responses to the most frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation. Sex Med. 2024 Jun 2;12(3):qfae036. Tables Table 1 Contents of Global Quality Scale scores and Readability Understandability Indexes. Global Quality Scale Score Poor quality, poor flow of the site, most information missing, not at all useful for patients 1 Generally poor quality and poor flow, some information listed but many important topics missing, of very limited use to patients 2 Moderate quality, suboptimal flow, some important information is adequately discussed but others poorly discussed, somewhat useful for patients 3 Good quality and generally good flow, most of the relevant information is listed, but some topics not covered, useful for patients 4 Excellent quality and excellent flow, very useful for patients 5 ReadabilityIndexes Flesch reading ease score Very easy to read, easily understood by an average 11-year 90–100 Easy to read 80–90 Fairly easy to read 70–80 Easily understood by 13- to 15-year 60–70 Fairly difficult to read 50–60 Difficult to read, best understood by college graduates 30–50 Very difficult to read, best understood by university graduates 0–30 Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level Reading level: Basic / School Level: Kindergarten / Age: 5–8 0–3 Reading level: Basic / School Level: Elementary / Age: 8–11 3–6 Reading level: Average / School Level: Middle School / Age: 11–14 6–9 Reading level: Average / School Level: High School / Age: 14–17 9–12 Reading level: Advanced / School Level: College / Age: 17–20 12–15 Reading level: Advanced / School Level: Post-grad / Age: 20+ 15–18 Gunning FOG Index College graduate 17 College senior 16 College junior 15 College sophomore 14 College freshman (danger line) 13 High school senior 12 High school junior 11 High school sophomore 10 High school freshman 9 Eight grade 8 Seventh grade 7 Sixth grade 6 Simple measure of Gobbledygook Index score approximates the age needed to understand the text. Understandability Index The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool- for Printable Materials Score ≥ 70 Table 2 Comparison of the Global Quality Scala of four different AI chatbots on frequently asked questıons about premature ejaculation. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, followed by Mann-Whitney U test for binary comparisons. Comparative differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.005 after Bonferroni adjustment method. *:The mean scores of the two expert evaluations are listed. The agreement between the experts was evaluated with Cohen's Kappa test and moderately significant agreement was found (kappa: 0.488, p < 0.001). FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Copilot* Gemini* ChatGPT 4o* ChatGPT4o plus* DeepSeek-R1* What is premature ejaculation? 4.5 4 5 5 5 What causes premature ejaculation? 3.5 3 4.5 5 4,5 Is premature ejaculation a psychological issue or a physical problem? 4 4 5 5 5 Is premature ejaculation a common problem? 3 3 4.5 4.5 5 Is premature ejaculation hereditary? 3 2 5 4 5 How is premature ejaculation diagnosed? 3 3 5 5 5 Can premature ejaculation go away on its own? 3.5 4 5 4.5 5 What are the treatment options for premature ejaculation? 4 3.5 5 5 5 Is surgery necessary for premature ejaculation? 3.5 3.5 5 4.5 5 How effective are topical treatments for premature ejaculation? 4.5 4 4.5 5 5 Can premature ejaculation affect erectile function? 4.5 4.5 5 5 4.5 Does premature ejaculation affect fertility? 4 3 5 5 5 How does premature ejaculation progress over time, is it permanent? 4.5 3.5 4.5 5 4.5 Can lifestyle changes help with premature ejaculation? 5 5 4.5 5 5 Can premature ejaculation be prevented? 5 5 5 5 4.5 Mean ± SD:3.96 ± 0.66 Mean ± SD:3.66 ± 0.78 Mean ± SD:4.83 ± 0.23 Mean ± SD:4.83 ± 0.29 Mean ± SD:4.86 ± 0.22 p value Copilot / Gemini 0.310 Copilot / ChatGPT 4o < 0.001 Copilot / ChatGPT 4o plus < 0.001 Copilot / DeepSeek < 0.001 Gemini / ChatGPT 4o < 0.001 Gemini / ChatGPT 4o plus < 0.001 Gemini / DeepSeek < 0.001 ChatGPT 4o / ChatGPT 4o plus 0.795 ChatGPT 4o / DeepSeek 0.695 ChatGPT 4o plus / DeepSeek 0.914 Table 3 Readability of four AI chatbots. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, followed by Mann-Whitney U test for binary comparisons. Comparative differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.005 after using the Bonferroni adjustment method. a: Gemini-DeepSeek b: Gemini-ChatGPT4o, Gemini-DeepSeek c: Gemini-DeepSeek. Copilot Gemini ChatGPT 4o ChatGPT4o plus DeepSeek-R1 p Flesch Kincaid Reading Ease Median 29.27 34.40 29.72 29.70 25.54 0.04 a Minimum-Maximum 7.08–45.70 23.95–62.23 4.81–41.53 21.12–50.64 6.40-40.49 Flesch Kincaid Grade Level Median 13.70 12.54 14.39 14.42 14.09 0.01 b Minimum-Maximum 10.31–17.29 8.47–15.32 11.67–18.38 10.53–16.48 12.32–16.52 Gunning Fog Index Median 14.76 14.16 14.53 13.97 13.98 0.99 Minimum-Maximum 9.84–18.30 9.22–23.02 11.34–17.91 11.28–19.43 10.77–17.60 Simple measure of Gobbledygook Median 15.90 15.02 16.41 16.02 16.28 0.03 c Minimum-Maximum 12.69–18.88 11.21–17.69 13.82–19.93 13.02–18.67 14.10-20.76 Table 4 Comparison of the PEMAT-P Understandability scores of four different AI chatbots on frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, followed by Mann-Whitney U test for binary comparisons. Comparative differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.005 after using the Bonferroni adjustment method. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Copilot Gemini ChatGPT 4o ChatGPT4o plus DeepSeek-R1 What is premature ejaculation? 0.67 0.67 0.75 0,77 0,62 What causes premature ejaculation? 0.75 0.75 0.85 0,75 0,75 Is premature ejaculation a psychological issue or a physical problem? 0.67 0.83 0.85 0,77 0,77 Is premature ejaculation a common problem? 0.67 0.75 0,85 0,77 0,77 Is premature ejaculation hereditary? 0.60 0.73 0,85 0,75 0,85 How is premature ejaculation diagnosed? 0.60 0.70 0,77 0,64 0,77 Can premature ejaculation go away on its own? 0.75 0.73 0,85 0,67 0,77 What are the treatment options for premature ejaculation? 0.75 0.70 0,85 0,77 0,85 Is surgery necessary for premature ejaculation? 0.77 0.70 0,85 0,77 0,85 How effective are topical treatments for premature ejaculation? 0,67 0.67 0,85 0,75 0,77 Can premature ejaculation affect erectile function? 0.75 0.67 0,85 0,83 0,77 Does premature ejaculation affect fertility? 0.67 0.67 0,85 0,83 0,85 How does premature ejaculation progress over time, is it permanent? 0.75 0.70 0,85 0,85 0,77 Can lifestyle changes help with premature ejaculation? 0.75 0.80 0,77 0,85 0,85 Can premature ejaculation be prevented? 0.75 0.73 0,85 0,85 0,85 Mean ± SD: 0.70 ± 0.05 Mean ± SD: 0.72 ± 0.04 Mean ± SD: 0.83 ± 0.03 Mean ± SD: 0.77 ± 0.06 Mean ± SD: 0.79 ± 0.06 p value Copilot / Gemini 0.814 Copilot / ChatGPT 4o < 0.001 Copilot / ChatGPT 4o plus 0.002 Copilot / DeepSeek < 0.001 Gemini / ChatGPT 4o < 0.001 Gemini / ChatGPT 4o plus 0.007 Gemini / DeepSeek 0.001 ChatGPT 4o / ChatGPT 4o plus 0.002 ChatGPT 4o / DeepSeek 0.036 ChatGPT 4o plus / DeepSeek 0.286 Additional Declarations There is NO conflict of interest to disclose. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in International Journal of Impotence Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: revise 02 Jun, 2025 Review # 3 received at journal 30 May, 2025 Reviewer # 3 agreed at journal 21 May, 2025 Review # 2 received at journal 29 Apr, 2025 Reviewer # 2 agreed at journal 22 Apr, 2025 Reviewer # 1 agreed at journal 19 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 18 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Mar, 2025 Unknown event 04 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 28 Feb, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Gonultas\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-7751\",\"institution\":\"Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Training \\u0026 Research Hospital\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Serkan\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Gonultas\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":430296619,\"identity\":\"9cf458a3-9b28-4003-8922-152f9674c9d6\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Sina 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Yentur\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Serhat\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Yentur\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":430296626,\"identity\":\"515f9cec-ea99-48e5-94c2-2718151a4374\",\"order_by\":8,\"name\":\"Burak Arslan\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6629-5153\",\"institution\":\"University of Health Sciences Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Burak\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Arslan\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2025-02-28 22:25:16\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6131594/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6131594/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[{\"content\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-025-01179-3\",\"type\":\"published\",\"date\":\"2025-09-24T04:00:00+00:00\"}],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":92146812,\"identity\":\"37716aea-fa3e-41d1-a244-166bc032466b\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-09-25 07:17:11\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":867044,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6131594/v1/20e22e6f-c2bf-4dc9-b98e-03acd988e46b.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"There is \\u003cb\\u003eNO\\u003c/b\\u003e conflict of interest to disclose.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Chatbots' Performance in Premature Ejaculation Questions: A Comparative Analysis of Reliability, Readability, and Understandability\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"INTRODUCTION\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003ePremature ejaculation is among the most common sexual health disorders in men (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR2\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e). It can result from a variety of etiological factors and may have a profound impact on an individual's overall quality of life and their relationships (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR3\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e). Both traditional treatment approaches and modern technological advancements play a crucial role in managing premature ejaculation (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR5\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR6\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e6\\u003c/span\\u003e). However, patients with sexual dysfunctions, such as premature ejaculation, often hesitate to discuss these issues with their doctors and may first seek treatment through phone or internet channels (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR7\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e7\\u003c/span\\u003e). Recent studies have shown that patients increasingly use artificial intelligence applications to obtain information about urological disorders (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR8\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e8\\u003c/span\\u003e). Consequently, accurately and reliably answering frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation is critical for enhancing patients' access to correct information and raising awareness regarding treatment options. To date, no study has conducted a comparative evaluation of responses provided by widely used artificial intelligence chatbots regarding premature ejaculation. This article aims to examine the accuracy, readability, and understandability of responses provided by different artificial intelligence chatbot to frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation and to evaluate the contributions, potential risks, and limitations of artificial intelligence.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"METHODS\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eSelection of Frequently Asked Questions:\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eFrequently asked questions related to premature ejaculation from 2004 to the present were identified using Google Trends (https://trends.google.com) by searching for the keyword \\u0026quot;premature ejaculation.\\u0026quot; Additionally, five different chatbots, including Copilot (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, USA), Gemini (Google AI, CA, USA), ChatGPT 4o, ChatGPT 4o Plus (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA), and DeepSeek-R1 (Hangzhou DeepSeek AI Basic Technology, Hangzhou, China), were queried with the question, \\u0026quot;What are the frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation?\\u0026quot; and their responses were recorded. The data obtained from Google Trends and chatbot queries were systematically analyzed. Common questions were categorized according to their frequency. Less frequently asked questions, along with repeated ones, were listed separately. To minimize bias, all personal browser data were cleared prior to data collection. The questions identified from Google Trends results that overlapped with those generated by the chatbots were sequentially presented to them.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eEvaluation of Response Reliability\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe reliability of the responses generated by five different artificial intelligence chatbots was assessed by two expert urologists using the Global Quality Scala (GQS) scoring system (9). The GQS scale is a Likert-type instrument, with scores ranging from 1 to 5, designed to evaluate the reliability and utility of the responses. It is based on the assumption that the responses originate from credible medical sources and are considered beneficial for patients (Table 1).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eEvaluation of Response Readability\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe readability of the responses provided by five different artificial intelligence applications was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test (FKRT). The FKRT is designed to evaluate the level of difficulty in reading an English passage (10). It consists of two main components: the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). Although both tests rely on similar criteria, such as word and sentence length, they apply different weighting factors. The results of these tests are typically inversely related: a higher FRES score generally corresponds to a lower FKGL score. In the FRES test, higher scores indicate easier readability, while lower scores suggest more difficult text. Additionally, to assess the appropriateness of the responses for the target audience\\u0026apos;s level of comprehensibility, the Gunning Fog Index (GFI) and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scales were employed. The GFI scale is used to predict the level of formal education required for a person to understand a text on first reading and to verify whether the material can be easily understood by the target audience (11). For example, texts intended for a broad audience typically require a fog index of less than 12, while texts requiring near-universal comprehension generally have an index below 8. The SMOG scale, similarly, is used to estimate the level of education needed to understand a text (12) and is commonly applied to evaluate health-related messages. The GFI scale provides a simpler calculation of text comprehensibility (Table 1).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eEvaluation of Response understandability\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe understandability of the responses generated by five different artificial intelligence chatbots was assessed using the Patient Educational Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) scale. PEMAT is a reliable and valid instrument used to evaluate and compare the understandability and actionability of patient educational materials. Understandability refers to the likelihood that the reader or viewer can understand and explain the key messages of the material. Actionability refers to the likelihood that the reader or viewer knows how to act upon the information presented in the material (13). PEMAT calculates the understandability and actionability scores as percentages. There are two types of PEMAT: PEMAT-P for print materials and PEMAT-A/V for audiovisual materials. For the evaluation of the included resources, only print or website-viewable materials were assessed using PEMAT-P. PEMAT consists of a total of 26 questions, including 19 questions on understandability and seven questions on actionability. The response options include agree (1 point), disagree (0 points), or not applicable (which is excluded from the total score, thereby reducing the total possible points).A score of \\u0026ge;70% on the PEMAT assessment was considered comprehensible (Table 1).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eEthical Approval\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAs the artificial intelligence chatbots utilized in this study are publicly accessible, and the study did not involve human or animal participants, ethical approval was not required.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eStatistical analysis\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eSPSS Windows 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for the statistical analysis. Quantitative data were presented as median and interquartile range. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normal distribution of the data. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, followed by Mann-Whitney U test for binary comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p\\u0026lt;0.005 following Bonferroni adjustment. The agreement between the experts was evaluated with Cohen\\u0026apos;s Kappa test.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"RESULTS\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eA total of 55 frequently asked questions related to the keyword \\u0026quot;premature ejaculation\\u0026quot; were identified using Google Trends. It was observed that the top 15 most frequently asked questions closely aligned with those generated by the chatbots. The remaining questions consisted of less frequently asked and non-repetitive questions alongside duplicate ones. The 15 questions that showed correlation with Google Trends results were selected and posed to the Copilot, Gemini, ChatGPT 4o, ChatGPT 4o Plus, and DeepSeek chatbots for further analysis (Table 2).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe GQS scores of all chatbots were found to be at an acceptable level of adequacy. The mean GQS scores were as follows: Copilot: 3.96\\u0026plusmn;0.66, Gemini: 3.66\\u0026plusmn;0.78, ChatGPT 4o: 4.83\\u0026plusmn;0.23, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 4.83\\u0026plusmn;0.29, and DeepSeek: 4.86\\u0026plusmn;0.22. While no significant difference was observed between the GQS scores of Copilot and Gemini, their scores were significantly lower compared to the other chatbots. No significant differences were found among ChatGPT\\u0026apos;s free version, paid version, and DeepSeek (Table 2). Regarding source citations, the proportion of unverifiable and/or low-reliability sources cited was as follows: Copilot: 29%, Gemini: 27%, ChatGPT 4o: 32%, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 32%, and DeepSeek: 28%. No significant differences were observed in source reliability among the chatbots.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe median FRES readability scores were as follows: Copilot: 29.27, Gemini: 34.40, ChatGPT 4o: 29.72, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 29.70, and DeepSeek: 25.54. The readability level of the Gemini chatbot was found to be significantly better than that of DeepSeek (p=0.003). No significant differences were observed among the other chatbots in terms of FRES scores. The median FKGL readability scores were as follows: Copilot: 13.70, Gemini: 12.54, ChatGPT 4o: 14.39, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 14.42, and DeepSeek: 14.09. The FKGL readability scores of the Gemini chatbot were significantly better than those of ChatGPT 4o and DeepSeek (p=0.004, p=0.002). No significant differences were found among the other chatbots in terms of FKGL scores. The median GFI scores were as follows: Copilot: 14.76, Gemini: 14.16, ChatGPT 4o: 14.53, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 13.97, and DeepSeek: 13.98. No significant differences were observed among the chatbots in terms of GFI scores. The median SMOG readability scores were as follows: Copilot: 15.90, Gemini: 15.02, ChatGPT 4o: 16.41, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 16.02, and DeepSeek: 16.28. The readability level of the Gemini chatbot was found to be significantly better than that of DeepSeek (p=0.004). No significant differences were observed among the other chatbots in terms of SMOG scores. Overall, the readability levels of the chatbot responses were found to be relatively high, making them unsuitable for individuals with an average level of education (Table 3).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe mean PEMAT-P understandability scores were as follows: Copilot: 0.70\\u0026plusmn;0.05, Gemini: 0.72\\u0026plusmn;0.04, ChatGPT 4o: 0.83\\u0026plusmn;0.03, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 0.77\\u0026plusmn;0.06, and DeepSeek: 0.79\\u0026plusmn;0.06. No significant difference was observed between Copilot and Gemini chatbots (p=0.814). However, their understandability scores were significantly lower than those of ChatGPT 4o and DeepSeek (p\\u0026lt;0.001, p\\u0026lt;0.001, p\\u0026lt;0.001, p=0.001). Although a significant difference was found between ChatGPT 4o and ChatGPT 4o Plus, no significant difference was observed between ChatGPT 4o Plus and DeepSeek in terms of understandability scores (p=0.002, p=0.286). When evaluating the PEMAT-P understandability levels of the chatbots, the overall mean scores were found to be at an acceptable level (\\u0026gt;0.70) (Table 4).\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"DISCUSSION\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThe use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases is one of the most widely debated topics in the field of medicine. Although AI systems have the potential to provide users with rapid and accessible responses, concerns persist regarding the accuracy, reliability, and readability of these responses (14,15). As in many other medical specialties, studies evaluating these concerns have gained prominence in the field of urology (16-19). In this study, responses provided by different chatbots to frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation were evaluated. A previous study in the literature assessed the responses generated by ChatGPT for popular keywords related to premature ejaculation and found that the readability scores required an education level beyond the generally accepted thresholds (20). These findings are consistent with our study. However, unlike that study, our research not only evaluates the reliability and readability scores of chatbot responses to specific question patterns but also comparatively assesses their understandability scores across different chatbots.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIn our study, the reliability scores of ChatGPT and DeepSeek were found to be higher than those of Gemini and Copilot. This suggests that ChatGPT and DeepSeek possess more robust datasets and advanced natural language processing capabilities in the medical domain. The ability of these chatbots to leverage extensive data sources enables them to provide more accurate and reliable medical information. However, despite the overall high reliability scores of all chatbots, the accuracy and validity of the information they provide remain critical issues that require careful evaluation. When assessing the reliability of the sources cited in chatbot responses, it was observed that, consistent with findings in the literature, source credibility remained low, and hallucinated references were present (19). These findings underscore the importance of integrating more robust and verified sources into chatbot systems to enhance their accuracy and reliability.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIn terms of readability scores, the language used by the Gemini chatbot was found to be simpler and more comprehensible compared to other chatbots. However, it was observed that the readability scores of all chatbots were generally misaligned with the target audience, often requiring a high level of education. This finding highlights how the complexity of medical topics and the use of technical terminology can limit readability for the general public. To ensure that information on commonly encountered conditions such as premature ejaculation is accessible to a broader audience, it is crucial to simplify the language used by medical chatbots. Users with lower educational backgrounds may struggle to fully comprehend the content provided by these chatbots, potentially negatively impacting health literacy and treatment adherence.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIn terms of understandability, although all chatbots achieved acceptable scores, ChatGPT and DeepSeek scored higher than Gemini and Copilot. This suggests that ChatGPT and DeepSeek may present medical terms and explanations in a more comprehensible manner. The accurate communication of medical terminology and concepts can help patients better understand the information provided and adopt a more appropriate approach to their treatment processes (14). However, the lower understandability scores of Gemini and Copilot may indicate that these platforms use more abstract language or provide insufficient explanations. In sensitive and personal topics such as premature ejaculation, the clearer and more understandable the medical information is presented, the more likely patients are to engage with this information and adhere to treatment recommendations.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis study is the first to conduct a comparative analysis of responses provided by popular chatbots, including DeepSeek and ChatGPT 4o Plus, on the topic of premature ejaculation. By incorporating multiple chatbot models, it offers a unique opportunity to examine how different chatbots may vary in their responses. However, this study has some general limitations. First, the evaluation of chatbot responses was conducted within a specific timeframe, and it should be acknowledged that these systems may evolve over time. The accuracy of chatbot responses can be influenced by the recency and quality of the training data used in AI models. Consequently, the reliability and validity of chatbot-generated responses may vary across different time periods or training datasets. Another limitation is that the study\\u0026apos;s metrics focus solely on assessing the reliability and readability of textual responses. However, for a comprehensive evaluation of chatbot-generated medical information, linguistic and content-based analyses alone may not be sufficient. Factors such as patient satisfaction, alignment with clinical outcomes, and user experience should also be considered when assessing the overall quality of AI-driven medical guidance.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"CONCLUSION\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eIn conclusion, this study demonstrates that chatbots provide highly reliable and comprehensive information on premature ejaculation. However, their usability remains significantly constrained by suboptimal readability levels and inconsistent source reliability. These systems should be utilized solely for informational purposes, and it is crucial to emphasize that professional medical consultation remains indispensable for conditions requiring clinical evaluation and treatment.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003col start=\\\"1\\\" type=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003ePorst H, Montorsi F, Rosen RC, Gaynor L, Grupe S, Alexander J. The premature ejaculation prevalence and attitudes (PEPA) survey: prevalence, comorbidities, and professional help-seeking. Eur Urol. 2007;51:816\\u0026ndash;23.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eSaitz TR, Serefoglu EC. The epidemiology of premature ejaculation. Transl Androl Urol. 2016;5:409\\u0026ndash;15.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eAthanasiadis L. Premature ejaculation: is it a biogenic or a psychogenic disorder? Sex Marital Ther. 1998;13(3):241\\u0026ndash;255. 10.1080/02674659808406567\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eAlthof S. Prevalence, characteristics and implications of premature ejaculation/rapid ejaculation. J Urol. 2006;175:842\\u0026ndash;8.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMartin C, Nolen H, Podolnick J, Wang R. Current and emerging therapies in premature ejaculation: where we are coming from, where we are going. Int J Urol. 2017;24(1):40\\u0026ndash;50. 10.1111/iju.13202\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eShechter A, Gruenwald I. 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The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2007; 102: 2070\\u0026ndash;2077.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eKincaid JP, Fishburne RP, Jr, Rogers RL, Chissom BS. Derivation of new readability formulas (automated readability index, fog count and flesch reading ease formula) for navy enlisted personnel. University of Central Florida; 1975. Jan, Report No.: Institute for Simulation and Training. 56. \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eGunning R. The Technique of Clear Writing. McGraw-Hill; 1952\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMc Laughlin GH. SMOG grading-a new readability formula. J Read. 1969;12:639\\u0026ndash;646.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eShoemaker SJ, Wolf MS, Brach C. Development of the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT): a new measure of understandability and actionability for print and audiovisual patient information. Patient Educ Couns. 2014;96(3):395-403\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eWang H, Fu T, Du Y, Gao W, Huang K, Liu Z et al. Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence. Nature 620, 47\\u0026ndash;60 (2023).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eHaug CJ, Drazen JM. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Clinical Medicine, 2023. N Engl J Med. 2023 Mar 30;388(13):1201-1208.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003ePan A, Musheyev D, Bockelman D, Loeb S, Kabarriti AE. Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Responses to Top Searched Queries About Cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2023 Oct 1;9(10):1437-1440.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eBaturu, M., Solakhan, M., Kazaz, T.G. et al. Frequently asked questions on erectile dysfunction: evaluating artificial intelligence answers with expert mentorship. Int J Impot Res (2024).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eCakir, H., Caglar, U., Yildiz, O. et al. Evaluating the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions related to urolithiasis. Int Urol Nephrol 56, 17\\u0026ndash;21 (2024)\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eWarren CJ, Edmonds VS, Payne NG, Voletti S, Wu SY, Colquitt J, Sadeghi-Nejad H, Punjani N. Prompt matters: evaluation of large language model chatbot responses related to Peyronie\\u0026apos;s disease. Sex Med. 2024 Sep 9;12(4):qfae055.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eŞahin MF, Keleş A, \\u0026Ouml;zcan R, Doğan \\u0026Ccedil;, Topka\\u0026ccedil; EC, Akg\\u0026uuml;l M, Yazıci CM. Evaluation of information accuracy and clarity: ChatGPT responses to the most frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation. Sex Med. 2024 Jun 2;12(3):qfae036.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Tables\",\"content\":\" \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab1\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 1\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eContents of Global Quality Scale scores and Readability Understandability Indexes.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c2\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGlobal Quality Scale\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eScore\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c2\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePoor quality, poor flow of the site, most information missing, not at all useful for patients\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c2\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGenerally poor quality and poor flow, some information listed but many important topics missing, of very limited use to patients\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c2\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eModerate quality, suboptimal flow, some important information is adequately discussed but others poorly discussed, somewhat useful for patients\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c2\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood quality and generally good flow, most of the relevant information is listed, but some topics not covered, useful for patients\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c2\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eExcellent quality and excellent flow, very useful for patients\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\" nameend=\\\"c3\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eReadabilityIndexes\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"6\\\" rowspan=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFlesch reading ease score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVery easy to read, easily understood by an average 11-year\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e90\\u0026ndash;100\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEasy to read\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e80\\u0026ndash;90\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFairly easy to read\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e70\\u0026ndash;80\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEasily understood by 13- to 15-year\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e60\\u0026ndash;70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFairly difficult to read\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e50\\u0026ndash;60\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDifficult to read, best understood by college graduates\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e30\\u0026ndash;50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVery difficult to read, best understood by university graduates\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u0026ndash;30\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"5\\\" rowspan=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFlesch\\u0026ndash;Kincaid Grade Level\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eReading level: Basic / School Level: Kindergarten / Age: 5\\u0026ndash;8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u0026ndash;3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eReading level: Basic / School Level: Elementary / Age: 8\\u0026ndash;11\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u0026ndash;6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eReading level: Average / School Level: Middle School / Age: 11\\u0026ndash;14\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6\\u0026ndash;9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eReading level: Average / School Level: High School / Age: 14\\u0026ndash;17\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9\\u0026ndash;12\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eReading level: Advanced / School Level: College / Age: 17\\u0026ndash;20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e12\\u0026ndash;15\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eReading level: Advanced / School Level: Post-grad / Age: 20+\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e15\\u0026ndash;18\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"11\\\" rowspan=\\\"12\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGunning FOG Index\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCollege graduate\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e17\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCollege senior\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCollege junior\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e15\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCollege sophomore\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCollege freshman (danger line)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh school senior\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e12\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh school junior\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh school sophomore\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh school freshman\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEight grade\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSeventh grade\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSixth grade\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSimple measure of Gobbledygook\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c3\\\" namest=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIndex score approximates the age needed to understand the text.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\" nameend=\\\"c3\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eUnderstandability Index\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c2\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool- for Printable Materials Score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026ge;\\u0026thinsp;70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab2\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 2\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eComparison of the Global Quality Scala of four different AI chatbots on frequently asked questıons about premature ejaculation. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, followed by Mann-Whitney U test for binary comparisons. Comparative differences were considered statistically significant when p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.005 after Bonferroni adjustment method. *:The mean scores of the two expert evaluations are listed. The agreement between the experts was evaluated with Cohen's Kappa test and moderately significant agreement was found (kappa: 0.488, p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001).\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\" colnum=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\" colnum=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCopilot*\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGemini*\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT 4o*\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT4o plus*\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDeepSeek-R1*\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eWhat is premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eWhat causes premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4,5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIs premature ejaculation a psychological issue or a physical problem?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIs premature ejaculation a common problem?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIs premature ejaculation hereditary?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHow is premature ejaculation diagnosed?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCan premature ejaculation go away on its own?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eWhat are the treatment options for premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIs surgery necessary for premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHow effective are topical treatments for premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCan premature ejaculation affect erectile function?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDoes premature ejaculation affect fertility?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHow does premature ejaculation progress over time, is it permanent?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCan lifestyle changes help with premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCan premature ejaculation be prevented?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;SD:3.96\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.66\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;SD:3.66\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.78\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;SD:4.83\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;SD:4.83\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.29\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;SD:4.86\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.22\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003ep value\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCopilot / Gemini\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.310\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCopilot / ChatGPT 4o\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCopilot / ChatGPT 4o plus\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCopilot / DeepSeek\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGemini / ChatGPT 4o\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGemini / ChatGPT 4o plus\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGemini / DeepSeek\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT 4o / ChatGPT 4o plus\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.795\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT 4o / DeepSeek\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.695\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT 4o plus / DeepSeek\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.914\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab3\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 3\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eReadability of four AI chatbots. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, followed by Mann-Whitney U test for binary comparisons. Comparative differences were considered statistically significant when p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.005 after using the Bonferroni adjustment method. a: Gemini-DeepSeek b: Gemini-ChatGPT4o, Gemini-DeepSeek c: Gemini-DeepSeek.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\" colnum=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\" colnum=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCopilot\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGemini\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT 4o\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT4o plus\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDeepSeek-R1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ep\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFlesch Kincaid Reading Ease\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"5\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMedian\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e29.27\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e34.40\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e29.72\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e29.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e25.54\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.04\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMinimum-Maximum\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7.08\\u0026ndash;45.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e23.95\\u0026ndash;62.23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.81\\u0026ndash;41.53\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e21.12\\u0026ndash;50.64\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6.40-40.49\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFlesch Kincaid Grade Level\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"5\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMedian\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e12.54\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14.39\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14.42\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14.09\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.01\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMinimum-Maximum\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10.31\\u0026ndash;17.29\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8.47\\u0026ndash;15.32\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11.67\\u0026ndash;18.38\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10.53\\u0026ndash;16.48\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e12.32\\u0026ndash;16.52\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGunning Fog Index\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"5\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMedian\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14.76\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14.16\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14.53\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13.97\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13.98\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.99\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMinimum-Maximum\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9.84\\u0026ndash;18.30\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9.22\\u0026ndash;23.02\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11.34\\u0026ndash;17.91\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11.28\\u0026ndash;19.43\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10.77\\u0026ndash;17.60\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSimple measure of Gobbledygook\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"5\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMedian\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e15.90\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e15.02\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16.41\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16.02\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16.28\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.03\\u003csup\\u003ec\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMinimum-Maximum\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e12.69\\u0026ndash;18.88\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11.21\\u0026ndash;17.69\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13.82\\u0026ndash;19.93\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13.02\\u0026ndash;18.67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14.10-20.76\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab4\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 4\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eComparison of the PEMAT-P Understandability scores of four different AI chatbots on frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation. A Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, followed by Mann-Whitney U test for binary comparisons. Comparative differences were considered statistically significant when p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.005 after using the Bonferroni adjustment method.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\" colnum=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\" colnum=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCopilot\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGemini\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT 4o\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT4o plus\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDeepSeek-R1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eWhat is premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,62\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eWhat causes premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIs premature ejaculation a psychological issue or a physical problem?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.83\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIs premature ejaculation a common problem?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIs premature ejaculation hereditary?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.60\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.73\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHow is premature ejaculation diagnosed?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.60\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,64\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCan premature ejaculation go away on its own?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.73\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eWhat are the treatment options for premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIs surgery necessary for premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHow effective are topical treatments for premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCan premature ejaculation affect erectile function?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,83\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDoes premature ejaculation affect fertility?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,83\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHow does premature ejaculation progress over time, is it permanent?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCan lifestyle changes help with premature ejaculation?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.80\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCan premature ejaculation be prevented?\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.73\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c7\\\" namest=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0,85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;SD: 0.70\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.05\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;SD: 0.72\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.04\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;SD: 0.83\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.03\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;SD: 0.77\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.06\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;SD: 0.79\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.06\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003ep value\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCopilot / Gemini\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.814\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCopilot / ChatGPT 4o\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCopilot / ChatGPT 4o plus\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e0.002\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCopilot / DeepSeek\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGemini / ChatGPT 4o\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGemini / ChatGPT 4o plus\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.007\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGemini / DeepSeek\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e0.001\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT 4o / ChatGPT 4o plus\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e0.002\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT 4o / DeepSeek\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.036\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"6\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatGPT 4o plus / DeepSeek\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.286\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":false,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":true,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"international-journal-of-impotence-research\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":false,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"ijir\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [International Journal of Impotence Research](http://www.nature.com/ijir/)\",\"snPcode\":\"41443\",\"submissionUrl\":\"https://mts-ijir.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex\",\"title\":\"International Journal of Impotence Research\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"ejp\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Nature AJ\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":false},\"keywords\":\"\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6131594/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6131594/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003ch2\\u003eObjective\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThis study aimed to evaluate the reliability, readability, and understandability of chatbot responses to frequently asked questions about premature ejaculation, and to assess the contributions, potential risks, and limitations of artificial intelligence.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eMethods\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFifteen questions were selected using data from Google Trends and posed to the chatbots Copilot, Gemini, ChatGPT 4o, ChatGPT 4o Plus, and DeepSeek-R1. Reliability was evaluated using the Global Quality Scala (GQS) scale by two experts, readability was assessed with the Flesch Reading Ease (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) scales, and understandability was evaluated using the Patient Educational Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P) scale. Additionally, the consistency of source citations was examined.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eResults\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe GQS scores were as follows: Copilot: 3.96\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.66, Gemini: 3.66\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.78, ChatGPT 4o: 4.83\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.23, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 4.83\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.29, DeepSeek: 4.86\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.22. The PEMAT-P scores were: Copilot: 0.70\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.05, Gemini: 0.72\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.04, ChatGPT 4o: 0.83\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.03, ChatGPT 4o Plus: 0.77\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.06, DeepSeek: 0.79\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.06. While ChatGPT and DeepSeek scored higher for reliability and understandability, all chatbots performed at an acceptable level. However, readability scores were above the recommended level for the target audience. Instances of low reliability or unverified sources were noted, with no significant differences between the chatbots.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eConclusion\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChatbots provide highly reliable and informative responses regarding premature ejaculation; however, it is evident that there are significant limitations that require improvement, particularly concerning readability and the reliability of sources.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Chatbots' Performance in Premature Ejaculation Questions: A Comparative Analysis of Reliability, Readability, and Understandability\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-03-20 06:39:12\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6131594/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0},{\"type\":\"decision\",\"content\":\"revise\",\"date\":\"2025-06-02T14:37:47+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"This content is not available.\",\"date\":\"2025-05-30T16:07:55+00:00\",\"index\":3,\"fulltext\":\"This content is not available.\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"This content is not available.\",\"date\":\"2025-05-21T15:14:00+00:00\",\"index\":3,\"fulltext\":\"This content is not available.\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"This content is not available.\",\"date\":\"2025-04-29T19:41:39+00:00\",\"index\":2,\"fulltext\":\"This content is not available.\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"This content is not available.\",\"date\":\"2025-04-22T09:42:43+00:00\",\"index\":2,\"fulltext\":\"This content is not available.\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"This content is not available.\",\"date\":\"2025-03-19T05:54:48+00:00\",\"index\":1,\"fulltext\":\"This content is not available.\"},{\"type\":\"reviewersInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-03-18T06:45:31+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"checksComplete\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-03-11T14:27:21+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"submitted\",\"content\":\"International Journal of Impotence Research\",\"date\":\"2025-03-10T19:49:34+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"checksFailed\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-03-04T15:49:34+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorAssigned\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-02-28T22:24:15+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"international-journal-of-impotence-research\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":false,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"ijir\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [International Journal of Impotence Research](http://www.nature.com/ijir/)\",\"snPcode\":\"41443\",\"submissionUrl\":\"https://mts-ijir.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex\",\"title\":\"International Journal of Impotence Research\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"ejp\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Nature AJ\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":false}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"55683bf8-20c2-4355-8b67-6ef7f201146e\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"March 20th, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"published-in-journal\",\"subjectAreas\":[{\"id\":45828815,\"name\":\"Health sciences/Health care/Diagnosis\"},{\"id\":45828816,\"name\":\"Health sciences/Medical research/Translational research\"}],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2025-09-25T07:17:06+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":{\"articleIdentity\":\"rs-6131594\",\"link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-025-01179-3\",\"journal\":{\"identity\":\"international-journal-of-impotence-research\",\"isVorOnly\":false,\"title\":\"International Journal of Impotence Research\"},\"publishedOn\":\"2025-09-24 04:00:00\",\"publishedOnDateReadable\":\"September 24th, 2025\"},\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-03-20 06:39:12\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"10.1038/s41443-025-01179-3\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-025-01179-3\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-6131594\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-6131594\",\"identity\":\"rs-6131594\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}