{"paper_id":"2c600b95-ab71-4344-9669-0e6a5cfa3f39","body_text":"Assessment of retinochoroidal microvasculature in young Chinese Han and Uyghur adults with mild-moderate myopia: An OCTA study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Assessment of retinochoroidal microvasculature in young Chinese Han and Uyghur adults with mild-moderate myopia: An OCTA study Jie Zhang, Lei Yang, Yihan Zhao, Zhumahan Tuokedaerhan, Xiaolong Li, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5713786/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective To compare the differences in retinochoroidal microvasculature between Han and Uyghur population with mild-moderate myopia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) . Method This prospective and cross-sectional study included 60 young Chinese Han and Uyghur subjects.They are divided into two groups according to their ethnics (Han group and Uyghur group). All subjects underwent ophthalmic screening examinations. Retinal and choroidal parameters were evaluated using swept-source OCTA (SS-OCTA), including retinal and choroidal thickness, vessel flow density (VFD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, choroidal vascularity volume and index (CVV and CVI) and vascular length density (VLD). Results Han and Uyghur subjects had mean ages of 24.93 ± 1.70 and 25.57 ± 1.36, respectively ( p = 0.116). No significant differences were found in retinal parameters, including thickness, VFD and FAZ area between the two groups. Compared with Han population, the Uyghurs were found to have thicker choroidal thickness ( P = 0.004), higher CVV ( P = 0.002) and CVI ( P = 0.003). Axial length (AL) was negatively associated with VFD-SCP, VFD-DCP, VFD-whole retina and VFD-choriocapillaris layer in Uyghur subjects based on univariate linear regression analysis. However, only VFD-choriocapillaris layer was negatively associated with AL after correction for age and gender using multifactor linear regression analysis. For the Han subjects, no retinal and choroidal parameters was found to be associated with age, gender and AL in both univariate and multifactor linear regression analysis. Conclusion Young Uyghurs with mild-moderate myopia have significantly thicker choroidal thickness, higher CVV and CVI compared to matched Han subjects, which may partially elucidate the etiological mechanisms underlying the reduced myopia prevalence observed within Uyghur cohort. Choroid Retinal myopia Han population Uyghur population SS-OCT Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 1. Introduction Myopia has emerged as a global public health challenge, imposing substantial burdens on visual health systems worldwide. Characterized by excessive axial elongation or disproportionate refractive power, myopia not only compromises uncorrected distance vision but also elevates lifelong risks of blinding complications. Epidemiological studies confirm its role as a major predisposing factor for pathological myopia-associated sequelae, such as macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and glaucoma[ 1 , 2 ]. It is predicted that myopia and high myopia will rise sharply globally by 2050, affecting 4.79 billion people (49.8% of the global population) and 938 million people (9.8%), respectively[ 1 ]. In addition, it is estimated that in the next 25 years, nearly 5.7 billion people, about 59.6% of the world's total population, will become myopic. High myopia is often associated with a series of severe ocular complications, such as retinal detachment, choroidal neovascularization, myopic macular disease, glaucoma, cataract etc. Therefore, early detection and timely intervention of the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents, so as to reduce the occurrence of high myopia in adulthood, which is of great significance for the prevention of visual impairment[ 3 – 5 ]. Emerging evidence from multi-ethnic population-based studies spanning diverse geographical regions has documented significant variations in myopia prevalence across ethnic groups, revealing a distinct epidemiological pattern characterized by disproportionately high rates among Asian populations[ 6 ]. Contemporary research indicates that East Asian countries such as China, Singapore and South Korea exhibit particularly alarming myopia prevalence rates exceeding 80% in young adult cohorts, contrasting sharply with prevalence estimates of 20–35% reported in European populations and even lower rates (10–15%) in African demographic groups, highlighting the need for population-specific preventive strategies[ 7 ]. The choroid is located between the sclera and Bruch membrane. Its main function is to provide nutrients for nearby tissues, remove waste, regulate the temperature of the eye, absorb stray light and regulate intraocular pressure. The relationship between choroid and myopia is one of the research hotspots in recent years. Studies have shown some association between the formation of myopia and decreased choroidal blood flow and scleral hypoxia. Moreover, the distribution of choroidal thickness and vesscels decreases with the increase of the severity of myopia, and decreased blood perfusion in the choroidal capillary layer is related to the aggravation of the severity of myopia and choroidal thinning [ 8 – 10 ]. Ethnic studies also have found choroidal thickness may be affected also by ethnicity [ 11 , 12 ]. China's ethnic landscape comprises 56 officially recognized groups, with the Han ethnic majority constituting 91.5% of the population and 55 distinct minority groups. Notably, the Uyghur population exhibits exceptional geographic concentration, with 99.7% residing within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The ancestral composition of the Uyghur population is primarily derived from East Asian components (approximately 45–55%), West Eurasian components (approximately 35–45%), and a minor proportion of South Asian elements; while the Han ethnic group's ancestry is predominantly rooted in East Asian components (approximately 90–95%)[ 13 ]. A number of studies have showed that there are significant ethnic differences in many kinds of diseases between Hans and Uyghurs[ 14 – 17 ]. The Han population also had a higher prevalence of myopia than the Uyghur population[ 18 – 20 ]. Given the pivotal role of choroidal morphology in myopia pathogenesis and the marked ethnic disparities in myopia prevalence between Hans and Uyghurs, we hypothesize that these two distinct ethnic groups may exhibit differential structural characteristics in choroidal thickness, vascular density, and stromal composition. Until now, no previous study has investigated retinal and choroidal vascular structure in a cohort of young Chinese Han and Uyghur populations with myopia. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has emerged as a breakthrough advancement, offering non-invasive, quantitative assessment of ocular vasculature. This innovative modality provides depth-resolved visualization of both vascular structure and hemodynamics within the retinal and choroidal circulations[ 21 – 23 ]. In this study, a newly developed OCTA that combines SS-OCT (TowardPi BMizar, TowardPi Medical Technology, Beijing, China) was used to obtain eye measurements, which has good reliability and reproducibility and has been used to detect a number of fundus diseases[ 23 , 24 ]. For the first time, we investigated the differences in retinal, choroidal thickness and blood flow parameters between Han and Uyghur myopia population with OCTA. 2. Method 2.1 Study subjects This cross-sectional study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University. All subjects were recruited from students from Xinjiang Medical University from September 2023 to November 2023. All participants were examined in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants. A total of 60 subjects were eligible for this study. All subjects underwent ophthalmic screening examinations, including computer optometry with non-cycloplegia, anterior segment and fundus examination under the slit lamp, intraocular pressure measurements, OA2000 ocular biological measurements, and SS-OCT examination. Table 1 shows the clinical characteristics of all the subjects in this study. Subjects with mild-moderate myopia, which was defined as : low grade myopic (Spherical Equivalent (SE) ≥ − 3.0 D); moderate grade myopic (SE range from − 3.25 up to − 6.0 D); All participants were without any ocular pathologic findings detected on the anterior and posterior segment and with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20. Inclusion criteria were as follows: subjects older than 18 years with intraocular pressure (IOP) lower than 21 mmHg and no pathological findings during eye examination. Participants were excluded for the following conditions: ‌Ocular comorbidities‌: opacified ocular media (e.g., cataract), prior intraocular surgery/trauma, severe dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, or tropicamide hypersensitivity; ‌Systemic confounders‌: diabetes mellitus (due to potential ocular circulatory effects), pregnancy, or chronic systemic diseases requiring regular medication; ‌Retinal pathologies‌: fundoscopic evidence of pathological myopia (including chorioretinal atrophy, lacquer cracks, lattice degeneration, or posterior staphyloma) or other retinal disorders (age-related macular degeneration, macular hole, epiretinal membrane, or extensive chorioretinal degeneration); (4)‌Recent interventions‌: use of systemic medications or ophthalmic agents (except lubricants) within 14 days prior to measurements. Medical history was collected and an ophthalmic screening examination was followed. Computer optometry for non-cycloplegia was measured using a Topcom-800 and best-corrected visual acuity was recorded. The IOP was measured using non-contact tonometry. 2.2 SS-OCT Imaging and Analysis High-resolution SS-OCTA acquisitions were performed using a 400 kHz SS-OCTA instrument (TowardPi Medical Technology Co., Ltd.,China)[ 23 , 25 , 26 ]. A standardized scanning protocol encompassing a 12×12mm² fovea-centered region were acquired and for further analysis. With artificial intelligence (AI) technology, each layer, including Bruch’s membrane (BM) and choroid-sclera interface (CSI), can be recognized. Retinal segmentation included the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and full retinal layer, while choroidal segmentation comprised the choriocapillaris layer and the large and medium choroidal vessel (LMCV) layer. All the segmentations were automatically calculated using built-in software and further were verified by two ophthalmologists, with discrepancies adjudicated by a third trained ophthalmologist. Quantitative retinal parameters included thickness, vessel flow density (VFD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in the SCP and DCP layers. Choroidal parameters encompassed thickness, VFD in the choriocapillaris layer and LMCV layer, choroidal vascularity volume (CVV), choroidal vascularity index (CVI) Automatic segmentation of the retinal and choroidal thickness was done by the OCT tool. In this study, four of the automatically generated slabs were selected for the analysis of retinal thickness: the whole retinal thickness slab from the internal limiting membrane (ILM) to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); The inner retinal thickness from the ILM to the proximal boundary of the outer nuclear layer (ONL); The outer retinal thickness from the proximal ONL boundary to the RPE, and the subfoveal retinal thickness at 1 mm nasal and temporal to the fovea. Choroidal thickness was set as the vertical distance from the BM to CSI (Fig. 1 ). CVV represents the volume of the LMCV layer, and the ratio of CVV to total choroidal volume is defined as CVI. A higher CVI value indicates greater vascularity. Notably, vessel length density (VLD) was measured exclusively on the retinal surface by delineating individual blood vessels and calculating the ratio of total vessel length to the analyzed area, making it more sensitive to vessel quantity and independent of vessel size. All acquired 12×12mm 2 OCTA images were automatically divided into 12×12 grids of 1×1 mm 2 . The quantitative retinal and choroidal parameters in each grid were automatically calculated using built-in software (Fig. 2 ). The measurement position was always centered at the fovea without any rotation and final results were averaged from duplicate measurements. All measurements were performed between 14:00 and 17:00 to minimize any effects of circadian changes. 2.3 Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Data with normal distribution are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Count data are expressed by the frequency number, comparisons between groups were performed using the χ 2 test or Fisher's exact probability test. Normally distributed measurement data, compared between groups using two independent sample t-tests or non-parametric test. To explore the correlation factors between age, sex and ocular axis with retinal and choroidal parameters in the included population, univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the logistic regression model. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. 3. Results 3.1 Baseline Characteristics A total of 60 eyes of 30 Hans and 30 Uyghurs were included in this cohort. Demographic information and the ocular biometric parameters could be found in Table 1. There were no significant differences in age, sex, SE or AL between Han and Uyghur groups (all p > 0.05, Table 1). Table1: Demographics of the included subjects Patient characteristics Han young adults Uygur young adults p Number, n 30 30 - Age, years 24.93±1.70 25.57±1.36 0.116 Gender (male,%) 8, 26.7% 10, 33.3% 0.573 spherical equivalent degree(D) -3.36±0.27 -2.16±0.35 0.091 axial length(mm) 24.49±0.14 24.35±0.17 0.527 3.2 Retinal parameters In Hans, the mean value of thickness of subfoveal retina is 282.2±3.18µm, whereas in the Uyghur group, it is 293.3±5.19µm. Further comparison in the thickness of whole retinal layer, inner retinal layer and outer retinal layer recapitulated the same findings between these two groups. The other retinal parameters, including VFD, VLD and FAZ area in different layers, were not significantly different between Han and Uyghur youths ( all p > 0.05)(Table 2). Table2: Retinal parameters of the myopic eyes in both Han and Uyghur young adults Han young adults Uygur young adults p Retinal thickness(mm) subfoveal 282.2±3.18 293.3±5.19 0.074 whole layer 293.5±2.20 298.6±3.45 0.217 Inner 103.1±1.07 102.5±1.82 0.771 Outer 191.3±1.27 196.1±2.06 0.055 VFD（%） SCP 39.39±0.47 40.05±0.58 0.386 DCP 37.56±0.55 36.95±1.05 0.611 whole retina 38.38±0.52 38.46±0.84 0.937 VLD（%） SCP 7.73±0.10 7.84±0.13 0.520 FAZ(mm 2 ) SCP 0.85±0.20 1.17±0.40 0.457 DCP 0.63±0.13 0.57±0.15 0.816 whole retina 0.92±0.22 1.29±0.45 0.454 VFD, vessel flow density. SCP, superficial capillary plexus layer. DCP, deep capillary plexus layer. FAZ, foveal avascular zone. VLD, vascular length density 3.3 Choroidal parameters In subfoveal and central area, the choroidal thickness were significantly higher in Uyghur young adults compared with the Han young adults (364.4±24.82μm Vs 271.3±14.22μm, p =0.002; 334±26μm Vs 246.2±12.05μm, p =0.004; respectively). The CVV and CVI also showed a marked increase in Uyghur young adults when comparing with the Han young adults (Fig3). Besides, no significant difference was found in VLD in both choriocapillaris layer and large and medium choroidal vessel layer between the two groups (Table 3). Table3: Choroidal parameters of the myopic eyes in both Han and Uyghur young adults Han young adults Uyghur young adults p Choroidal thickness, μm subfoveal 271.3±14.22 364.4±24.82 0.002 central 246.2±12.05 334±26.31 0.004 vessel flow density, % choriocapillaris layer 47.14±0.16 47.16±0.22 0.954 Large and medium choroidal vessel layer 50.44±0.18 50.75±0.39 0.488 CVV，mm 3 92.75±4.13 136±12.58 0.002 CVI, % 32.47±0.45 35.34±0.81 0.003 CVV, choroidal vascularity volume. CVI, choroidal vascularity index. 3.4 Linear regression analyses The influencing factors associated with myopia were analyzed using univariate and multiple linear regression analyses, as shown in Table 4. Using univariate linear regression analysis, AL was negatively associated with VFD-SCP, VFD-DCP, VFD-whole retina and VFD-choriocapillaris layer in Uyghur subjects. However, only VFD-choriocapillaris layer was negatively associated with AL after correction for age and gender using multifactor linear regression analysis. For the Han subjects, no retinal and choroidal parameters was found to be associated with age, gender and AL in both univariate and multifactor linear regression analysis. Table4: Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses of age, gender and axial length associated with retinal and choroidal parameters in Han and Uyghur subjects Han subjects Uyghur subjects Uyghur subjects Univariate linear regression analyses Multiple linear regression Age Gender AL Age Gender AL Retinal thickness(mm) subfoveal 0.293 0.869 0.163 0.300 0.595 0.267 whole layer 0.513 0.336 0.107 0.363 0.226 0.208 Inner 0.968 0.288 0.119 0.156 0.873 0.264 Outer 0.288 0.634 0.184 0.778 0.054 0.265 VFD（%） SCP 0.181 0.987 0.401 0.416 0.122 0.011 0.731 DCP 0.104 0.278 0.858 0.891 0.129 0.001 0.579 whole retina 0.061 0.445 0.264 0.791 0.127 0.007 0.770 VLD（%） SCP 0.535 0.596 0.195 0.811 0.596 0.088 FAZ(mm 2 ) SCP 0.188 0.259 0.990 0.318 0.218 0.432 DCP 0.610 0.861 0.769 0.344 0.092 0.056 whole retina 0.186 0.600 0.289 0.363 0.158 0.272 Choroidal thickness, μm subfoveal 0.465 0.637 0.421 0.317 0.392 0.136 central 0.510 0.108 0.956 0.286 0.357 0.248 VLD（%） choriocapillaris layer 0.248 0.157 0.471 0.334 0.170 0.000 0.030 LMCV layer 0.799 0.762 0.751 0.628 0.876 0.704 CVV，mm3 0.585 0.204 0.929 0.182 0.459 0.282 CVI, % 0.793 0.938 0.383 0.048 0.599 0.085 VFD, vessel flow density. SCP, superficial capillary plexus layer. DCP, deep capillary plexus layer. FAZ, foveal avascular zone. CVV, choroidal vascularity volume. CVI, choroidal vascularity index.VLD, vascular length density. AL,axial length. LMCV layer, Large and medium choroidal vessel layer. 4. Discussion OCTA has emerged as a revolutionary imaging modality that enables detailed visualization of microvascular architecture while offering enhanced capability for quantitative analysis of vascular abnormalities in retinal and choroidal pathologies[ 27 – 30 ]. This advanced technique provides three-dimensional, high-resolution mapping of capillary networks, significantly improving diagnostic precision through objective assessment of both structural and functional vascular changes. In this study, we used OCTA to analyze and quantify the differences in retinochoroidal microvasculature between Han and Uyghur population with mild-moderate myopia. Epidemiological studies have revealed distinct racial variations and familial clustering patterns in myopia distribution, indicating a dual genetic mechanism in its pathogenesis[ 31 – 33 ]. Previous studies have demonstrate persistently higher myopia prevalence among Han adolescents compared to their Uyghur counterparts, even after adjusting for educational duration and outdoor activity levels. This residual disparity suggests potential involvement of epigenetic regulation or population-specific genetic susceptibility[ 34 ]. Guided by this biomechanical hypothesis, our investigation pioneers the systematic comparison of retinal/choroidal thickness and vascular parameters between Han and Uyghur adults with mild-moderate myopia using OCTA. Our cross-sectional study first revealed that the young Uyghurs were found to have thicker choroidal thickness, higher CVV and CVI compared with Han population. These findings highlight the necessity of incorporating ethnic stratification in future multicenter study designs and establishing population-specific blood flow density reference standards. After controlling for refractive error and axial length, no significant differences in retinal thickness were observed between young Han and Uighur populations. Notably, retinal thickness demonstrated no significant correlation with AL. These observations align with existing literature. Jost B. Jonas et al. demonstrated that axial elongation correlates with peripheral retinal thinning while preserving fovea centralis thickness, suggesting predominant ocular expansion occurs in equatorial and pre-equatorial regions[ 35 ]. Song et al. reported increased average foveal thickness accompanied by reduced inner/outer macular thickness with axial elongation[ 36 ]. Conversely, Si et al. identified selective thinning of peripapillary inner retinal layers without significant outer retinal alterations (except temporal regions) during axial elongation[ 21 ]. This finding provides novel insights into multi-ethnic ophthalmic anatomy research. We hypothesize that retinal development may follow similar biomechanical adaptation patterns among Chinese ethnic minorities sharing comparable environmental factors and genetic backgrounds. The choroid, as the posterior segment of the uvea, exhibits distinct histological stratification[ 37 ]. Recent studies have confirmed that the choroid not only serves traditional vascular-nutritional functions but also plays crucial physiological roles in AL regulation. There are growing evidence suggesting that the choroid plays an important role in the regulation of eye growth and the development of myopia[ 38 ]. Choroidal thickness decrease significantly with the increase of myopia[ 39 , 40 ]. Clinical cohort studies have demonstrate that choroidal thickness shows significant thinning trends in all four quadrants surrounding the macular fovea in children with myopia[ 41 ]. In our study, we found that the choroidal thickness were significantly higher in Uyghur young adults compared with the Han young adults, further supporting the widely accepted theoretical hypothesis that choroidal thickness serves as a protective factor against myopia progression. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI), a key metric for quantifying choroidal blood flow, has allowed us to better investigate the choroidal changes, especially in the ratio between stromal and luminal area and may serve as a novel biomarker for monitoring myopia progression. Several groups reported a reduced CVI in patients with reticular pseudodrusen[ 42 ], geographic atrophy[ 43 ], high myopia[ 39 ],.etc. Here, we compared, face to face, two cohorts of patients affected by mild-moderate myopia, in order to disclose the possible different status of vascular and stromal areas of the choroid characterizing in different races. Compared with the Han young adults, the ratio of CVV showed a marked increase in Uyghur young adults, indicating more vascular areas Uyghur young adults. Elevated choroidal vascular volume ratios potentially reflect improved hemodynamic efficiency in choroidal circulation, which could correlate with diminished hypoxia-related pathological changes in the choroid. This finding may partially elucidate the etiological mechanisms underlying the reduced myopia prevalence observed within Uyghur cohort. The study has several limitations. Firstly, the sample size of this study is limit, and the tested population was relatively concentrated, all from Urumqi city, potentially biasing findings against populations with distinct environmental exposures. In addition, the small sample size per group precluded meaningful stratification by myopia severity and the subjects with high myopia were not included in this study. Secondly, the enrolled population was relatively concentrated in age, primarily consisting of college students, and failed to include a sufficient number of primary and secondary school students. Thirdly, we only evaluated the thickness and vascular density changes in a central 12 × 12 mm 2 area. Our study was limited to a relatively small measurement area, and the findings may be influenced by this constrained scope, which could potentially alter our conclusions. In future studies, we will incorporate multiple measurement modalities to more comprehensively validate our findings. In conclusion, there are significant differences in choroidal thickness, CVV and CVI between Han and Uyghur subjects with mild-moderate myopia. This finding may partially elucidate the etiological mechanisms underlying the reduced myopia prevalence observed within Uyghur cohort. Further longitudinal studies will be needed to validate these microvascular differences whether and how to affect myopia development in larger populations and elucidate more potential clinical associations. Declarations Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to all patients who participated in this study, and the staff of Ophthalmology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, for their cooperation and contribution. Authors ’ contributions All authors conceived of and designed the experimental protocol. Jie Zhang: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Formal analysis. Lei Yang: Writing – review & editing, Formal analysis. Yihan Zhao: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing. Zhumahan Tuokedaerhan: Methodology, Formal analysis. Xiaolong li: Methodology. Yan Wang: Methodology. Yong Zhao: Writing – review & editing. Jiawei Wang: Writing – review & editing. Yunxian Gao:Writing – review & editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding This research was supported by Xinjiang UyghurAutonomous Region Innovation Environment (Talents, Bases) Construction Project (No. PT1905 and No. PT2408 ), Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (2022D01C551). Availability of data and materials The analysis results of all data are reflected in the text, and the original data can be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request Ethics approval and consent to participate This study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine（Ethics approval No 2019XE0151）. 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Li S, Zhao W, Jian T, Xu F, Li Z, Yang X, et al. Quantitative assessment of retinochoroidal microvasculature in patients with carotid artery stenosis using OCT angiography. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2024;46:104082. 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104082 . Wan H, Wu Z, Liu Z, Qin B. Comparison of macular retinal thickness measurements using spectral-domain and swept-source optical coherence tomography in healthy eyes. Front Med (Lausanne). 2025;12:1529719. 10.3389/fmed.2025.1529719 . Zeng Q, Yao Y, Li S, Yang Z, Qu J, Zhao M. Comparison of swept-source OCTA and indocyanine green angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy. BMC Ophthalmol. 2022;22(1):380. 10.1186/s12886-022-02607-4 . Zeng Q, Luo L, Yao Y, Tu S, Yang Z, Zhao M. Three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index in central serous chorioretinopathy using ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:967369. 10.3389/fmed.2022.967369 . Koutsiaris AG, Batis V, Liakopoulou G, Tachmitzi SV, Detorakis ET, Tsironi EE. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) of the eye: A review on basic principles, advantages, disadvantages and device specifications. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2023;83(3):247–71. 10.3233/CH-221634 . Crincoli E, Sacconi R, Querques L, Querques G. OCT angiography 2023 update: focus on diabetic retinopathy. Acta Diabetol. 2024;61(5):533–41. 10.1007/s00592-024-02238-9 . Chua J, Tan B, Wong D, Garhöfer G, Liew XW, Popa-Cherecheanu A, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of the retina and choroid in systemic diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2024;103:101292. 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101292 . Monteiro-Henriques I, Rocha-Sousa A, Barbosa-Breda J. Optical coherence tomography angiography changes in cardiovascular systemic diseases and risk factors: A Review. Acta Ophthalmol. 2022;100(1):e1–115. 10.1111/aos.14851 . Yu M, Hu Y, Han M, Song J, Wu Z, Xu Z, et al. Global risk factor analysis of myopia onset in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(9):e0291470. 10.1371/journal.pone.0291470 . Theophanous C, Modjtahedi BS, Batech M, Marlin DS, Luong TQ, Fong DS. Myopia prevalence and risk factors in children. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:1581–7. 10.2147/OPTH.S164641 . Surico PL, Parmar U, Singh RB, Farsi Y, Musa M, Maniaci A, et al. Myopia in Children: Epidemiology, Genetics, and Emerging Therapies for Treatment and Prevention. Child (Basel). 2024;11(12):1446. 10.3390/children11121446 . Chin MP, Siong KH, Chan KH, Do CW, Chan HH, Cheong AM. Prevalence of visual impairment and refractive errors among different ethnic groups in schoolchildren in Turpan, China. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2015;35(3):263–70. 10.1111/opo.12193 . Jonas JB, Xu L, Wei WB, Pan Z, Yang H, Holbach L, et al. Retinal Thickness and Axial Length. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(4):1791–7. 10.1167/iovs.15-18529 . Song AP, Wu XY, Wang JR, Liu W, Sun Y, Yu T. Measurement of retinal thickness in macular region of high myopic eyes using spectral domain OCT. Int J Ophthalmol. 2014;7(1):122–7. 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.01.23 . Summers JA. The choroid as a sclera growth regulator. Exp Eye Res. 2013;114:120–7. 10.1016/j.exer.2013.03.008 . Baksh J, Lee D, Mori K, Zhang Y, Torii H, Jeong H, et al. Myopia Is an Ischemic Eye Condition: A Review from the Perspective of Choroidal Blood Flow. J Clin Med. 2024;13(10):2777. 10.3390/jcm13102777 . Xuan M, Wang D, Xiao O, Guo X, Zhang J, Yin Q, et al. Choroidal Vascularity and Axial Length Elongation in Highly Myopic Children: A 2-Year Longitudinal Investigation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2024;65(10):7. 10.1167/iovs.65.10.7 . Kaphle D, Schmid KL, Suheimat M, Read SA, Atchison DA. Central and peripheral choroidal thickness and eye length changes during accommodation. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2023;43(3):311–8. 10.1111/opo.13084 . Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ. Light Exposure and Eye Growth in Childhood. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(11):6779–87. 10.1167/iovs.14-15978 . Velaga SB, Nittala MG, Vupparaboina KK, Jana S, Chhablani J, Haines J, et al. CHOROIDAL VASCULARITY INDEX AND CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN EYES WITH RETICULAR PSEUDODRUSEN. Retina. 2020;40(4):612–7. 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002667 . Giannaccare G, Pellegrini M, Sebastiani S, Bernabei F, Moscardelli F, Iovino C, CHOROIDAL VASCULARITY INDEX QUANTIFICATION IN GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY USING BINARIZATION OF ENHANCED-DEPTH IMAGING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHIC SCANS, et al. Retina. 2020;40(5):960–5. 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002459 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-5713786\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":438618797,\"identity\":\"5cf69c0b-8df5-487b-b90e-08b9dc8bb68d\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Jie Zhang\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Xinjiang Medical University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Jie\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Zhang\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":438618799,\"identity\":\"e219b233-ee98-4827-acd5-7c07fa3f577b\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Lei Yang\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Xinjiang Medical University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Lei\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Yang\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":438618802,\"identity\":\"afde9caa-6fe1-4c76-b06f-96d6ef1a7314\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Yihan Zhao\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Qilu Hospital, Shandong University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Yihan\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Zhao\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":438618806,\"identity\":\"30a41744-8dc5-4f0c-be56-50a4c0552c1c\",\"order_by\":3,\"name\":\"Zhumahan Tuokedaerhan\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Xinjiang Medical University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Zhumahan\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Tuokedaerhan\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":438618808,\"identity\":\"c3043d54-55b7-4ba8-835c-8d8b6754551d\",\"order_by\":4,\"name\":\"Xiaolong Li\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Xinjiang Medical University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Xiaolong\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Li\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":438618810,\"identity\":\"478893fb-f134-447e-8a25-2af4108f4fb2\",\"order_by\":5,\"name\":\"Jiawei Wang\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Qilu Hospital, Shandong University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Jiawei\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Wang\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":438618814,\"identity\":\"e27aac7b-48ad-4b34-8295-2a9d98821334\",\"order_by\":6,\"name\":\"Yan Wang\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Xinjiang Medical University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Yan\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Wang\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":438618820,\"identity\":\"b4348d59-82dc-4de1-99a4-171b37957b02\",\"order_by\":7,\"name\":\"Yunxian Gao\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCiho5fvbGxocfiNdy5pixZM/hZmMJonUwtjAnGtxIbxPgIUa1vPvhY9K8DWwJDDcftjFIMNjJ6TYQ0GJ4Ji1NcuYOmTzG2YltDwoYko3NDhDS0pBjJvHxDFsxs3Riu4EEw4HEbQS19L8xk0hsY05skzzYJsFDjBZ5CZAtQC09EoxEajGQeJZsOQMYyBI8icBANiDCL/L9yQdv8wCj0v748YcPP1TYyRHUYnCAgQUpAg0IKAfb0sDATEIyGQWjYBSMghEJAJfbQ6FgfHQgAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Xinjiang Medical University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Yunxian\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Gao\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":438618823,\"identity\":\"e8249269-5186-4b5b-baae-8258c05ee38a\",\"order_by\":8,\"name\":\"Yong Zhao\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Xinjiang Medical University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Yong\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Zhao\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2024-12-26 05:38:12\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5713786/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5713786/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":80141226,\"identity\":\"324ab796-b0da-44d0-9dab-7bd1edc57f37\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-04-08 11:24:58\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"Figure 1\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":266763,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eAutomatical segmentation of the different retinal layers as well as the choroid with SS-OCTA instrument, as shown by blue zone. (A) The whole retina (B) The inner retinal layer (C) The outer retinal layer (D) Choroid.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage1.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5713786/v1/893c70d5570f4a7b85213fa9.jpeg\"},{\"id\":80140352,\"identity\":\"aa534fe3-f835-4856-bfd0-283c115a6119\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-04-08 11:16:58\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":2,\"title\":\"Figure 2\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":1656472,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eSS-OCTA images of retina in a Han subject. (A) FAZ area. (B-E) The 12 ×12 mm SS-OCTA scans of each retinal and choroidal layer were divided into 12 × 12 grids of 1 × 1 mm, which were defined as the central area. (B) Superficial capillary plexus-VFD. (C) Deep capillary plexus-VFD. (D) Choriocapillaris layer-VFD. (E) Large and medium choroidal vessel layer-VFD.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage2.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5713786/v1/0e2450a34e91cdd7f44b8a6a.jpeg\"},{\"id\":80140354,\"identity\":\"2d254125-3b8f-46bf-99fd-4ef817787aa7\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-04-08 11:16:58\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":3,\"title\":\"Figure 3\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":576076,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eSS-OCTA images of a Uyghur subject. The 12 ×12 mm SS-OCTA scans of retina and choroid. \\u0026nbsp;(A)The software automatically extracts retinal thickness in each grid. (B) Yellow areas show the vascular vessels in the choroid. (C)The software automatically extracts choroidal thickness in each grid. (D-G) Histograms showing the numbers of subfoveal choroidal thickness (D), central choroidal thickness(E), CVV (F) and CVI (G).\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage6.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5713786/v1/172d5224304b815420f1ff89.jpeg\"},{\"id\":80512073,\"identity\":\"a7da9284-05a7-4dfb-a098-1ab00c3b19eb\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-04-14 07:17:10\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":3418172,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5713786/v1/a4a2fb39-a4db-42ae-a8b6-e6fa14d59c45.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Assessment of retinochoroidal microvasculature in young Chinese Han and Uyghur adults with mild-moderate myopia: An OCTA study\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"1. Introduction\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eMyopia has emerged as a global public health challenge, imposing substantial burdens on visual health systems worldwide. Characterized by excessive axial elongation or disproportionate refractive power, myopia not only compromises uncorrected distance vision but also elevates lifelong risks of blinding complications. Epidemiological studies confirm its role as a major predisposing factor for pathological myopia-associated sequelae, such as macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and glaucoma[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR2\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e]. It is predicted that myopia and high myopia will rise sharply globally by 2050, affecting 4.79\\u0026nbsp;billion people (49.8% of the global population) and 938\\u0026nbsp;million people (9.8%), respectively[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e]. In addition, it is estimated that in the next 25 years, nearly 5.7\\u0026nbsp;billion people, about 59.6% of the world's total population, will become myopic. High myopia is often associated with a series of severe ocular complications, such as retinal detachment, choroidal neovascularization, myopic macular disease, glaucoma, cataract etc. Therefore, early detection and timely intervention of the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents, so as to reduce the occurrence of high myopia in adulthood, which is of great significance for the prevention of visual impairment[\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR4\\\" citationid=\\\"CR3\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR5\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e].\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEmerging evidence from multi-ethnic population-based studies spanning diverse geographical regions has documented significant variations in myopia prevalence across ethnic groups, revealing a distinct epidemiological pattern characterized by disproportionately high rates among Asian populations[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR6\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e6\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Contemporary research indicates that East Asian countries such as China, Singapore and South Korea exhibit particularly alarming myopia prevalence rates exceeding 80% in young adult cohorts, contrasting sharply with prevalence estimates of 20\\u0026ndash;35% reported in European populations and even lower rates (10\\u0026ndash;15%) in African demographic groups, highlighting the need for population-specific preventive strategies[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR7\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e7\\u003c/span\\u003e].\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe choroid is located between the sclera and Bruch membrane. Its main function is to provide nutrients for nearby tissues, remove waste, regulate the temperature of the eye, absorb stray light and regulate intraocular pressure. The relationship between choroid and myopia is one of the research hotspots in recent years. Studies have shown some association between the formation of myopia and decreased choroidal blood flow and scleral hypoxia. Moreover, the distribution of choroidal thickness and vesscels decreases with the increase of the severity of myopia, and decreased blood perfusion in the choroidal capillary layer is related to the aggravation of the severity of myopia and choroidal thinning [\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR9\\\" citationid=\\\"CR8\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e8\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR10\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e10\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Ethnic studies also have found choroidal thickness may be affected also by ethnicity [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR11\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e11\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR12\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e12\\u003c/span\\u003e]. China's ethnic landscape comprises 56 officially recognized groups, with the Han ethnic majority constituting 91.5% of the population and 55 distinct minority groups. Notably, the Uyghur population exhibits exceptional geographic concentration, with 99.7% residing within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The ancestral composition of the Uyghur population is primarily derived from East Asian components (approximately 45\\u0026ndash;55%), West Eurasian components (approximately 35\\u0026ndash;45%), and a minor proportion of South Asian elements; while the Han ethnic group's ancestry is predominantly rooted in East Asian components (approximately 90\\u0026ndash;95%)[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR13\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e13\\u003c/span\\u003e]. A number of studies have showed that there are significant ethnic differences in many kinds of diseases between Hans and Uyghurs[\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR15 CR16\\\" citationid=\\\"CR14\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e14\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR17\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e17\\u003c/span\\u003e]. The Han population also had a higher prevalence of myopia than the Uyghur population[\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR19\\\" citationid=\\\"CR18\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e18\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR20\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e20\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Given the pivotal role of choroidal morphology in myopia pathogenesis and the marked ethnic disparities in myopia prevalence between Hans and Uyghurs, we hypothesize that these two distinct ethnic groups may exhibit differential structural characteristics in choroidal thickness, vascular density, and stromal composition. Until now, no previous study has investigated retinal and choroidal vascular structure in a cohort of young Chinese Han and Uyghur populations with myopia.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has emerged as a breakthrough advancement, offering non-invasive, quantitative assessment of ocular vasculature. This innovative modality provides depth-resolved visualization of both vascular structure and hemodynamics within the retinal and choroidal circulations[\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR22\\\" citationid=\\\"CR21\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e21\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR23\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e23\\u003c/span\\u003e]. In this study, a newly developed OCTA that combines SS-OCT (TowardPi BMizar, TowardPi Medical Technology, Beijing, China) was used to obtain eye measurements, which has good reliability and reproducibility and has been used to detect a number of fundus diseases[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR23\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e23\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR24\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e24\\u003c/span\\u003e]. For the first time, we investigated the differences in retinal, choroidal thickness and blood flow parameters between Han and Uyghur myopia population with OCTA.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"2. Method\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec3\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e2.1 Study subjects\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e This cross-sectional study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University. All subjects were recruited from students from Xinjiang Medical University from September 2023 to November 2023. All participants were examined in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants. A total of 60 subjects were eligible for this study. All subjects underwent ophthalmic screening examinations, including computer optometry with non-cycloplegia, anterior segment and fundus examination under the slit lamp, intraocular pressure measurements, OA2000 ocular biological measurements, and SS-OCT examination. Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e shows the clinical characteristics of all the subjects in this study.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSubjects with mild-moderate myopia, which was defined as : low grade myopic (Spherical Equivalent (SE)\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026ge;\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;3.0 D); moderate grade myopic (SE range from \\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;3.25 up to \\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;6.0 D); All participants were without any ocular pathologic findings detected on the anterior and posterior segment and with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20. Inclusion criteria were as follows: subjects older than 18 years with intraocular pressure (IOP) lower than 21 mmHg and no pathological findings during eye examination. Participants were excluded for the following conditions:\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003col\\u003e \\u003cspan\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026zwnj;Ocular comorbidities\\u0026zwnj;: opacified ocular media (e.g., cataract), prior intraocular surgery/trauma, severe dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, or tropicamide hypersensitivity;\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026zwnj;Systemic confounders\\u0026zwnj;: diabetes mellitus (due to potential ocular circulatory effects), pregnancy, or chronic systemic diseases requiring regular medication;\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003cspan\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026zwnj;Retinal pathologies\\u0026zwnj;: fundoscopic evidence of pathological myopia (including chorioretinal atrophy, lacquer cracks, lattice degeneration, or posterior staphyloma) or other retinal disorders (age-related macular degeneration, macular hole, epiretinal membrane, or extensive chorioretinal degeneration); (4)\\u0026zwnj;Recent interventions\\u0026zwnj;: use of systemic medications or ophthalmic agents (except lubricants) within 14 days prior to measurements. Medical history was collected and an ophthalmic screening examination was followed. Computer optometry for non-cycloplegia was measured using a Topcom-800 and best-corrected visual acuity was recorded. The IOP was measured using non-contact tonometry.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003c/span\\u003e \\u003c/ol\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec4\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e2.2 SS-OCT Imaging and Analysis\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh-resolution SS-OCTA acquisitions were performed using a 400 kHz SS-OCTA instrument (TowardPi Medical Technology Co., Ltd.,China)[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR23\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e23\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR25\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e25\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR26\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e26\\u003c/span\\u003e]. A standardized scanning protocol encompassing a 12\\u0026times;12mm\\u0026sup2; fovea-centered region were acquired and for further analysis. With artificial intelligence (AI) technology, each layer, including Bruch\\u0026rsquo;s membrane (BM) and choroid-sclera interface (CSI), can be recognized. Retinal segmentation included the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and full retinal layer, while choroidal segmentation comprised the choriocapillaris layer and the large and medium choroidal vessel (LMCV) layer. All the segmentations were automatically calculated using built-in software and further were verified by two ophthalmologists, with discrepancies adjudicated by a third trained ophthalmologist. Quantitative retinal parameters included thickness, vessel flow density (VFD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in the SCP and DCP layers. Choroidal parameters encompassed thickness, VFD in the choriocapillaris layer and LMCV layer, choroidal vascularity volume (CVV), choroidal vascularity index (CVI) Automatic segmentation of the retinal and choroidal thickness was done by the OCT tool. In this study, four of the automatically generated slabs were selected for the analysis of retinal thickness: the whole retinal thickness slab from the internal limiting membrane (ILM) to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); The inner retinal thickness from the ILM to the proximal boundary of the outer nuclear layer (ONL); The outer retinal thickness from the proximal ONL boundary to the RPE, and the subfoveal retinal thickness at 1 mm nasal and temporal to the fovea. Choroidal thickness was set as the vertical distance from the BM to CSI (Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e). CVV represents the volume of the LMCV layer, and the ratio of CVV to total choroidal volume is defined as CVI. A higher CVI value indicates greater vascularity. Notably, vessel length density (VLD) was measured exclusively on the retinal surface by delineating individual blood vessels and calculating the ratio of total vessel length to the analyzed area, making it more sensitive to vessel quantity and independent of vessel size. All acquired 12\\u0026times;12mm\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e OCTA images were automatically divided into 12\\u0026times;12 grids of 1\\u0026times;1 mm\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e. The quantitative retinal and choroidal parameters in each grid were automatically calculated using built-in software (Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig2\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e). The measurement position was always centered at the fovea without any rotation and final results were averaged from duplicate measurements. All measurements were performed between 14:00 and 17:00 to minimize any effects of circadian changes.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec5\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e2.3 Statistical Analysis\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eStatistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Data with normal distribution are expressed as mean\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;standard deviation (SD). Count data are expressed by the frequency number, comparisons between groups were performed using the χ 2 test or Fisher's exact probability test. Normally distributed measurement data, compared between groups using two independent sample t-tests or non-parametric test. To explore the correlation factors between age, sex and ocular axis with retinal and choroidal parameters in the included population, univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the logistic regression model. \\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"3. Results\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e3.1 Baseline Characteristics\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eA total of 60 eyes of 30 Hans and 30 Uyghurs were included in this cohort. Demographic information and the ocular biometric parameters could be found in Table 1. There were no significant differences in age, sex, SE or AL between Han and Uyghur groups (all\\u003cem\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;p\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026gt; 0.05, Table 1).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eTable1: Demographics of the included subjects\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"492\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 31.5041%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003ePatient characteristics\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 26.0163%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eHan young adults\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 28.8618%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eUygur young adults\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 13.6179%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 31.5041%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNumber, n\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 26.0163%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e30\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 28.8618%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e30\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 13.6179%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 31.5041%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAge, years\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 26.0163%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e24.93\\u0026plusmn;1.70\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 28.8618%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e25.57\\u0026plusmn;1.36\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 13.6179%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.116\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 31.5041%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGender (male,%)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 26.0163%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8, 26.7%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 28.8618%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10, 33.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 13.6179%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.573\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 31.5041%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003espherical equivalent degree(D)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 26.0163%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-3.36\\u0026plusmn;0.27\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 28.8618%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-2.16\\u0026plusmn;0.35\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 13.6179%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.091\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 31.5041%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaxial length(mm)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 26.0163%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e24.49\\u0026plusmn;0.14\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 28.8618%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e24.35\\u0026plusmn;0.17\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 13.6179%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.527\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e3.2 Retinal parameters\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIn Hans, the mean value of thickness of subfoveal retina is 282.2\\u0026plusmn;3.18\\u0026micro;m, whereas in the Uyghur group, it is 293.3\\u0026plusmn;5.19\\u0026micro;m. \\u0026nbsp;Further comparison in the thickness of whole retinal layer, inner retinal layer and outer retinal layer recapitulated the same findings between these two groups. The other retinal parameters, including VFD, VLD and FAZ area in different layers, were not significantly different between Han and Uyghur youths (\\u003cem\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/em\\u003eall \\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u0026gt; 0.05)(Table 2).\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eTable2: Retinal parameters of the myopic eyes in both Han and Uyghur young adults\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"617\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 235px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHan young adults\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUygur young adults\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"4\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 109px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRetinal thickness(mm)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 126px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003esubfoveal\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e282.2\\u0026plusmn;3.18\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e293.3\\u0026plusmn;5.19\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.074\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 126px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ewhole layer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e293.5\\u0026plusmn;2.20\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e298.6\\u0026plusmn;3.45\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.217\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 126px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eInner\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e103.1\\u0026plusmn;1.07\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e102.5\\u0026plusmn;1.82\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.771\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 126px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOuter\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e191.3\\u0026plusmn;1.27\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e196.1\\u0026plusmn;2.06\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.055\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 109px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVFD（%）\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 126px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSCP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e39.39\\u0026plusmn;0.47\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e40.05\\u0026plusmn;0.58\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.386\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 126px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDCP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e37.56\\u0026plusmn;0.55\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e36.95\\u0026plusmn;1.05\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.611\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 126px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ewhole retina\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e38.38\\u0026plusmn;0.52\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e38.46\\u0026plusmn;0.84\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.937\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 109px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVLD（%）\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 126px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSCP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.73\\u0026plusmn;0.10\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.84\\u0026plusmn;0.13\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.520\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" style=\\\"width: 109px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFAZ(mm\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 126px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSCP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.85\\u0026plusmn;0.20\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.17\\u0026plusmn;0.40\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.457\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 126px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDCP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.63\\u0026plusmn;0.13\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.57\\u0026plusmn;0.15\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.816\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 126px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ewhole retina\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 145px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.92\\u0026plusmn;0.22\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 161px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.29\\u0026plusmn;0.45\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.454\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eVFD, vessel flow density. SCP, superficial capillary plexus layer. DCP, deep capillary plexus layer. FAZ, foveal avascular zone. VLD, vascular length density\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e3.3 Choroidal parameters\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIn subfoveal and central area, the choroidal thickness were significantly higher in \\u0026nbsp; Uyghur young adults compared with the Han young adults (364.4\\u0026plusmn;24.82\\u0026mu;m Vs 271.3\\u0026plusmn;14.22\\u0026mu;m, \\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e=0.002; 334\\u0026plusmn;26\\u0026mu;m Vs 246.2\\u0026plusmn;12.05\\u0026mu;m, \\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e=0.004; respectively). The CVV and CVI also showed a marked increase in Uyghur young adults when comparing with the Han young adults (Fig3). Besides, no significant difference was found in VLD in both choriocapillaris layer and large and medium choroidal vessel layer between the two groups (Table 3).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eTable3: Choroidal parameters of the myopic eyes in both Han and Uyghur young adults\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"626\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 279px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 123px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHan young adults\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 156px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUyghur\\u0026nbsp;young adults\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 99px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eChoroidal thickness, \\u0026mu;m\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 179px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003esubfoveal\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 123px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e271.3\\u0026plusmn;14.22\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 156px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e364.4\\u0026plusmn;24.82\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e0.002\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 179px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ecentral\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 123px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e246.2\\u0026plusmn;12.05\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 156px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e334\\u0026plusmn;26.31\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e0.004\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 99px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003evessel flow density, %\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 179px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003echoriocapillaris layer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 123px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e47.14\\u0026plusmn;0.16\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 156px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e47.16\\u0026plusmn;0.22\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.954\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 179px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLarge and medium choroidal vessel layer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 123px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e50.44\\u0026plusmn;0.18\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 156px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e50.75\\u0026plusmn;0.39\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.488\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 279px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCVV，mm\\u003csup\\u003e3\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 123px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e92.75\\u0026plusmn;4.13\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 156px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e136\\u0026plusmn;12.58\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e0.002\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 279px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCVI, %\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 123px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e32.47\\u0026plusmn;0.45\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 156px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e35.34\\u0026plusmn;0.81\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e0.003\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eCVV, choroidal vascularity volume. CVI, choroidal vascularity index.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e3.4 \\u0026nbsp;Linear regression analyses\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe influencing factors associated with myopia were analyzed using univariate and multiple linear regression analyses, as shown in\\u0026nbsp;Table 4.\\u0026nbsp;Using univariate linear regression analysis, AL was negatively associated with VFD-SCP, VFD-DCP, VFD-whole retina and VFD-choriocapillaris layer in Uyghur subjects. However, only VFD-choriocapillaris layer was negatively associated with AL after correction for age and gender using multifactor linear regression analysis. For the Han subjects, no retinal and choroidal parameters was found to be associated with age, gender and AL in both univariate and multifactor linear regression analysis.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eTable4: \\u0026nbsp;Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses of age, gender and axial length associated with retinal and choroidal parameters in Han and Uyghur subjects\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"663\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" rowspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 180px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 162px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHan subjects\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 148px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUyghur subjects\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUyghur subjects\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"6\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 310px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUnivariate linear regression analyses\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eMultiple linear\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eregression\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAge\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGender\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAL\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAge\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGender\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAL\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"4\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 86px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRetinal thickness(mm)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003esubfoveal\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.293\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.869\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.163\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.300\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.595\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.267\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ewhole layer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.513\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.336\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.107\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.363\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.226\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.208\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eInner\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.968\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.288\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.119\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.156\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.873\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.264\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOuter\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.288\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.634\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.184\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.778\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.054\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.265\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 86px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVFD（%）\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSCP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.181\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.987\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.401\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.416\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.122\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e0.011\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.731\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDCP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.104\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.278\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.858\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.891\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.129\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e0.001\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.579\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ewhole retina\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.061\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.445\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.264\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.791\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.127\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e0.007\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.770\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 86px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVLD（%）\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSCP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.535\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.596\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.195\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.811\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.596\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.088\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" style=\\\"width: 86px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFAZ(mm\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSCP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.188\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.259\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.990\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.318\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.218\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.432\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDCP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.610\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.861\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.769\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.344\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.092\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.056\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ewhole retina\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.186\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.600\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.289\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.363\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.158\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.272\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 86px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eChoroidal thickness, \\u0026mu;m\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003esubfoveal\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.465\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.637\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.421\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.317\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.392\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.136\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ecentral\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.510\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.108\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.956\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.286\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.357\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.248\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 86px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVLD（%）\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003echoriocapillaris layer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.248\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.157\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.471\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.334\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.170\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e0.000\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e0.030\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 94px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLMCV layer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.799\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.762\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.751\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.628\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.876\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.704\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 180px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCVV，mm3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.585\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.204\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.929\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.182\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.459\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.282\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 180px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCVI, %\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.793\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.938\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 53px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.383\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 42px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.048\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 50px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.599\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 56px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.085\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 172px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eVFD, vessel flow density. SCP, superficial capillary plexus layer. DCP, deep capillary plexus layer. FAZ, foveal avascular zone. CVV, choroidal vascularity volume. CVI, choroidal vascularity index.VLD, vascular length density. AL,axial length. LMCV layer, Large and medium choroidal vessel layer.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"4. Discussion\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eOCTA has emerged as a revolutionary imaging modality that enables detailed visualization of microvascular architecture while offering enhanced capability for quantitative analysis of vascular abnormalities in retinal and choroidal pathologies[\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR28 CR29\\\" citationid=\\\"CR27\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e27\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR30\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e30\\u003c/span\\u003e]. This advanced technique provides three-dimensional, high-resolution mapping of capillary networks, significantly improving diagnostic precision through objective assessment of both structural and functional vascular changes. In this study, we used OCTA to analyze and quantify the differences in retinochoroidal microvasculature between Han and Uyghur population with mild-moderate myopia.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEpidemiological studies have revealed distinct racial variations and familial clustering patterns in myopia distribution, indicating a dual genetic mechanism in its pathogenesis[\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR32\\\" citationid=\\\"CR31\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e31\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR33\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e33\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Previous studies have demonstrate persistently higher myopia prevalence among Han adolescents compared to their Uyghur counterparts, even after adjusting for educational duration and outdoor activity levels. This residual disparity suggests potential involvement of epigenetic regulation or population-specific genetic susceptibility[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR34\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e34\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Guided by this biomechanical hypothesis, our investigation pioneers the systematic comparison of retinal/choroidal thickness and vascular parameters between Han and Uyghur adults with mild-moderate myopia using OCTA. Our cross-sectional study first revealed that the young Uyghurs were found to have thicker choroidal thickness, higher CVV and CVI compared with Han population. These findings highlight the necessity of incorporating ethnic stratification in future multicenter study designs and establishing population-specific blood flow density reference standards.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAfter controlling for refractive error and axial length, no significant differences in retinal thickness were observed between young Han and Uighur populations. Notably, retinal thickness demonstrated no significant correlation with AL. These observations align with existing literature. Jost B. Jonas et al. demonstrated that axial elongation correlates with peripheral retinal thinning while preserving fovea centralis thickness, suggesting predominant ocular expansion occurs in equatorial and pre-equatorial regions[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR35\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e35\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Song et al. reported increased average foveal thickness accompanied by reduced inner/outer macular thickness with axial elongation[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR36\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e36\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Conversely, Si et al. identified selective thinning of peripapillary inner retinal layers without significant outer retinal alterations (except temporal regions) during axial elongation[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR21\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e21\\u003c/span\\u003e]. This finding provides novel insights into multi-ethnic ophthalmic anatomy research. We hypothesize that retinal development may follow similar biomechanical adaptation patterns among Chinese ethnic minorities sharing comparable environmental factors and genetic backgrounds.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe choroid, as the posterior segment of the uvea, exhibits distinct histological stratification[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR37\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e37\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Recent studies have confirmed that the choroid not only serves traditional vascular-nutritional functions but also plays crucial physiological roles in AL regulation. There are growing evidence suggesting that the choroid plays an important role in the regulation of eye growth and the development of myopia[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR38\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e38\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Choroidal thickness decrease significantly with the increase of myopia[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR39\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e39\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR40\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e40\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Clinical cohort studies have demonstrate that choroidal thickness shows significant thinning trends in all four quadrants surrounding the macular fovea in children with myopia[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR41\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e41\\u003c/span\\u003e]. In our study, we found that the choroidal thickness were significantly higher in Uyghur young adults compared with the Han young adults, further supporting the widely accepted theoretical hypothesis that choroidal thickness serves as a protective factor against myopia progression.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe choroidal vascularity index (CVI), a key metric for quantifying choroidal blood flow, has allowed us to better investigate the choroidal changes, especially in the ratio between stromal and luminal area and may serve as a novel biomarker for monitoring myopia progression. Several groups reported a reduced CVI in patients with reticular pseudodrusen[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR42\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e42\\u003c/span\\u003e], geographic atrophy[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR43\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e43\\u003c/span\\u003e], high myopia[\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR39\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e39\\u003c/span\\u003e],.etc. Here, we compared, face to face, two cohorts of patients affected by mild-moderate myopia, in order to disclose the possible different status of vascular and stromal areas of the choroid characterizing in different races. Compared with the Han young adults, the ratio of CVV showed a marked increase in Uyghur young adults, indicating more vascular areas Uyghur young adults. Elevated choroidal vascular volume ratios potentially reflect improved hemodynamic efficiency in choroidal circulation, which could correlate with diminished hypoxia-related pathological changes in the choroid. This finding may partially elucidate the etiological mechanisms underlying the reduced myopia prevalence observed within Uyghur cohort.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe study has several limitations. Firstly, the sample size of this study is limit, and the tested population was relatively concentrated, all from Urumqi city, potentially biasing findings against populations with distinct environmental exposures. In addition, the small sample size per group precluded meaningful stratification by myopia severity and the subjects with high myopia were not included in this study. Secondly, the enrolled population was relatively concentrated in age, primarily consisting of college students, and failed to include a sufficient number of primary and secondary school students. Thirdly, we only evaluated the thickness and vascular density changes in a central 12 \\u0026times; 12 mm\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e area. Our study was limited to a relatively small measurement area, and the findings may be influenced by this constrained scope, which could potentially alter our conclusions. In future studies, we will incorporate multiple measurement modalities to more comprehensively validate our findings.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIn conclusion, there are significant differences in choroidal thickness, CVV and CVI between Han and Uyghur subjects with mild-moderate myopia. This finding may partially elucidate the etiological mechanisms underlying the reduced myopia prevalence observed within Uyghur cohort. Further longitudinal studies will be needed to validate these microvascular differences whether and how to affect myopia development in larger populations and elucidate more potential clinical associations.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Declarations\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAcknowledgments\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe authors are grateful to all patients who participated in this study, and the staff of\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eOphthalmology Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eXinjiang Medical University, for their cooperation and contribution.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAuthors\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026rsquo;\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003econtributions\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAll authors conceived of and designed the experimental protocol. Jie Zhang: Writing\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026ndash;\\u0026nbsp;review \\u0026amp; editing, Methodology, Formal analysis. Lei Yang: Writing\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026ndash;\\u0026nbsp;review \\u0026amp; editing, Formal analysis. Yihan Zhao: Methodology, Formal analysis,\\u0026nbsp;Writing\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026ndash;\\u0026nbsp;review \\u0026amp; editing. Zhumahan Tuokedaerhan: Methodology, Formal analysis. Xiaolong li: Methodology. Yan Wang: Methodology. Yong Zhao: Writing\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026ndash;\\u0026nbsp;review \\u0026amp; editing. Jiawei Wang: Writing\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026ndash;\\u0026nbsp;review \\u0026amp; editing.\\u0026nbsp;Yunxian Gao:Writing\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026ndash;\\u0026nbsp;review \\u0026amp; editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eFunding\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis research was supported by Xinjiang UyghurAutonomous Region Innovation Environment (Talents, Bases) Construction Project (No. PT1905 and No. PT2408 ), \\u0026nbsp;Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (2022D01C551).\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAvailability of data and materials\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe analysis results of all data are reflected in the text, and the original data can be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine（Ethics approval No 2019XE0151）. All research methods adhered to the principles outlined in the \\u0026quot;Declaration of Helsinki\\u0026quot;. Prior to conducting the study, the objectives and methods were presented to the patients to obtain informed consent, and signatures were obtained accordingly.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eConsent for publication\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eInformed, Not applicable\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eCompeting interests\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003col\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eHolden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, Jong M, Naidoo KS, Sankaridurg P, et al. Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050. 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Retina. 2020;40(5):960\\u0026ndash;5. \\u003cspan class=\\\"ExternalRef\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\"RefSource\\\"\\u003e10.1097/IAE.0000000000002459\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan address=\\\"10.1097/IAE.0000000000002459\\\" targettype=\\\"DOI\\\" class=\\\"RefTarget\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Choroid, Retinal, myopia, Han population, Uyghur population, SS-OCT\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5713786/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5713786/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003ch2\\u003eObjective\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTo compare the differences in retinochoroidal microvasculature between Han and Uyghur population with mild-moderate myopia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) .\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eMethod\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThis prospective and cross-sectional study included 60 young Chinese Han and Uyghur subjects.They are divided into two groups according to their ethnics (Han group and Uyghur group). All subjects underwent ophthalmic screening examinations. Retinal and choroidal parameters were evaluated using swept-source OCTA (SS-OCTA), including retinal and choroidal thickness, vessel flow density (VFD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, choroidal vascularity volume and index (CVV and CVI) and vascular length density (VLD).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eResults\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHan and Uyghur subjects had mean ages of 24.93\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;1.70 and 25.57\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;1.36, respectively (\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u0026thinsp;=\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026thinsp;0.116). No significant differences were found in retinal parameters, including thickness, VFD and FAZ area between the two groups. Compared with Han population, the Uyghurs were found to have thicker choroidal thickness (\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.004), higher CVV (\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.002) and CVI (\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;0.003). Axial length (AL) was negatively associated with VFD-SCP, VFD-DCP, VFD-whole retina and VFD-choriocapillaris layer in Uyghur subjects based on univariate linear regression analysis. However, only VFD-choriocapillaris layer was negatively associated with AL after correction for age and gender using multifactor linear regression analysis. For the Han subjects, no retinal and choroidal parameters was found to be associated with age, gender and AL in both univariate and multifactor linear regression analysis.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eConclusion\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYoung Uyghurs with mild-moderate myopia have significantly thicker choroidal thickness, higher CVV and CVI compared to matched Han subjects, which may partially elucidate the etiological mechanisms underlying the reduced myopia prevalence observed within Uyghur cohort.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Assessment of retinochoroidal microvasculature in young Chinese Han and Uyghur adults with mild-moderate myopia: An OCTA study\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-04-08 11:08:53\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5713786/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"7afed9ae-6d21-4bab-b0d9-d469c6b34d52\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"April 8th, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2025-04-14T07:09:02+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-04-08 11:08:53\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-5713786\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-5713786\",\"identity\":\"rs-5713786\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}