{"paper_id":"2c16d51a-e12c-41a3-be28-82884b34ddce","body_text":"Determination of Zn (II) on fast-scan anodic stripping voltammetric | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Determination of Zn (II) on fast-scan anodic stripping voltammetric Shaohua Ma, Jin Lu, Xiang Ma, Wendi He, Hua Wei, Chuangui Ma, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4624547/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this study, the amalgam zinc film on glassy carbon electrode was obtained in situ deposition; it was used to study the determination of Zn (II). Exceptional sensitivity of the determination was demonstrated using fast scan (v < 1 KV/s) anodic stripping voltammetry. The scan rate of 500 V/s was chosen for subsequent determination. In this condition, the calibration curve of Zn (II) was obtained. The concentration of Zn (II) and the peak current showed a good linear relationship from 1×10 − 7 mg / mL to 1×10 − 11 mg / mL for Zn (II). The detection limit attained for Zn (II) was estimated up to 3.33×10 − 12 mg / mL. In addition, Zn (II) was spiked and determined in samples of deionized water. The recovery values for these experiments were between 105.1% and 93.7%, and their relative standard deviation was 3.9%-6.2%. We demonstrate that the proposed method has potential for practical application in analyses of wastewaters and seawaters due to its good anti-interference ability. Anodic stripping voltammetry fast-scan Zn (II) amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 1. Introduction Zinc is an essential micronutrient for humans and is necessary for growth; it is required for the normal function of numerous enzymes, hormones and in many metabolism or neurotransmission processes [ 1 – 3 ]; in excess quantities it can be toxic [ 4 , 5 ]. Numerous studies have shown that the metabolism of Zn (Ⅱ) is adversely altered in patients with type II diabetes mellitus, their urine contains large quantities of zinc and the concentration of zinc in their plasma and serum is lower than normal [ 6 – 8 ]. Zinc is an element commonly found in the environment, Zinc [Zn (II)] is widely used in galvanization, petroleum, lubrication, pigmentation, alloy manufacturing, and battery production [ 9 ]. Untreated industrial wastewater contains Zn (II); it can easily contaminate groundwater if not removed from wastewater [ 9 ]. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended level of Zn (II) ions concentration in drinking water is 3 mg∙L − 1 [ 9 , 10 ]. Excess Zn (II) ions may induce nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, lethargy, fatigue, etc., they enter the body through the food chain and contaminated water, causing damage and various diseases [ 11 , 12 ]. The determination of Zn (II) ions has drawn great concern due to the toxic and nutritional effects of zinc. Therefore, it is unsurprising that the levels of Zn (II) ions have to be monitored [ 13 ]. Presently, many techniques are used for the detection of metal ions. The most commonly used methods are atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) [ 14 ], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [ 14 , 15 ], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) [ 16 ], and electrochemical analysis [ 17 – 22 ]. Of these, atomic absorption spectrometry (mzwAAS) techniques are most commonly used for metal determination, as they have greater sensitivity and is fairly low cost. However, AAS can only measure one element at a time. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) offers multi-element analysis [ 23 , 24 ], but the instrumentation and maintenance cost is very high, has a complicated operation process, long determination time, and is bulky in size [ 9 ]. Electrochemical analytical methods offers many advantages in the analysis of metal ions such as higher sensitivity, selectivity, efficiency, simultaneous determination, simplicity and is relatively low cost [ 9 , 25 ]. An important feature of electrochemical analytical methods is the minimum disturbance caused on the sample while collecting analytical samples or datum [ 4 ]. Voltammetric currents are produced by electronic exchanges at the electrode surface, derived from oxidation or reduction processes suffered by the analytes; these phenomena occur at the electrode-solution interface without affecting the bulk volume of the sample [ 4 , 26 ]. Electrochemical stripping analyses have been widely used as a powerful tool for the determination of heavy metals [ 25 , 26 ]. In trace and multi-element analysis for heavy metals, anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is the most popular stripping voltammetric method [ 27 – 31 ]. For the success of the stripping operation, proper selection of the working electrode is crucial [ 32 ]. In order to achieve a higher measurement sensitivity, film electrodes are beginning to be widely used. Most film electrodes are constructed of silver rod, glass carbon or carbon paste etc. that are covered with bismuth, lead, gallium or mercury [ 33 – 38 ]. Mercury film electrodes have been used extensively in stripping voltammetry due to their advantages while only a negligible amount of mercury is used [ 39 , 40 ]. Mercury-based electrodes, such as mercury film electrodes (MFE) [ 41 , 42 ] and the hanging mercury drop electrodes (HMDE) [ 4 , 41 ], have been used as working electrodes due to their benefits, like high reproducibility, sensitivity, high hydrogen over potential, and with the possibility of amalgam formation [ 4 , 42 ]. In this study, amalgam zinc film on glassy carbon electrode was obtained in situ deposition. In situ deposition has the advantage of shortening or eliminating some preparation steps before analysis [ 39 , 40 ]; fast-scan anodic stripping voltammetry [FSASV] was used; the amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode was used as the working electrode as it is an excellent method for the determination of Zn (II). In order to improve the detection limit, we used a printed circuit board (PCB) from Guo's previous research that was based on the current feedback operational amplifier that was constructed to accomplish on-line ohmic drop compensation in FSASV [ 43 , 44 ]. Scheme 1 is a connection diagram of the apparatus. Presently, the FSASV determination of Zn (II) with in situ amalgam zinc film deposition has not been reported. Therefore, the analytical performance of the in situ amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode for the detection of Zn (II) was investigated. It was demonstrated that Zn (II) had good stripping peaks on the mercury film electrode, and the anodic stripping voltammetry was not only sensitive and selective but also economical and practical. 2. Experimental 2.1 Reagents and materials All chemical reagents used in this work were of analytical reagent grade and used as-received, unless stated otherwise. All solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (≥ 18.3 MΩ cm) which was obtained by passing distilled water through a Milli-Q plus System (Millipore-waters). Standard stock solutions of Zn (II) (1000 mg L − 1 , atomic absorption standard solutions) and mercuric nitrate [500mg L − 1 Hg(NO 3 ) 2 , atomic absorption standard solutions] were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). An acetate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 5.0), potassium nitrate (0.1 M KNO 3 ), and nitric acid (0.01 M HNO 3 ) served as the supporting electrolyte. 2.2 Apparatus The CHI760E electrochemical workstation (Chenhua, Shanghai, China), a conventional three-electrode system, which includes a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE, 3 mm, Gaossunion, Wuhan, China), a platinum wire electrode, an Ag / AgCl (3 M KCl) electrode, and a magnetic stirrer (approximately 400rpm) was employed, Tektronix AFG1022, Arbitrary / Function Generator (Tektronix, Shanghai, China), Tektronix Model TBS1102 digitizing oscilloscope (Tektronix, Shanghai, China) with 100MHz band pass, APS3005S-3D DC power supply (Antaixin, NanJing, China), a self-made printed circuit board (PCB) with positive feedback compensation of ohmic drop was optimized, and a purpose-written computer program was used. 2.3 In situ deposition of amalgam zinc film on glassy carbon electrode The glassy carbon electrodes were polished on a microcloth polishing pad with 1 µm, 0.3 µm and 0.05 µm alumina slurry until a smooth and reflective shiny surface was obtained. Next it was ultrasonically cleaned and rinsed with tap water and distilled water successively to remove any adsorbed substances on the electrode surface, and purged with nitrogen for 15 min. Using the CHI760E electrochemical workstation, we assembled a conventional three-electrode cell, using the glassy carbon electrode as a working electrode, the platinum wire electrode as a counter electrode, and the Ag / AgCl (3 M KCl) electrode as a reference electrode. The supporting electrolyte was an acetate buffer (pH 5.0) solution containing 6×10 − 4 M mercury nitrate, a specific concentration of Zn (II), 0.05 M potassium nitrate and 0.05 M nitric acid. The Zn (II) concentration of the standard stock solutions or pending test sample were varied according to need. The Zn (II) concentrations of standard stock solutions were 1×10 − 6 mg / mL, 1×10 − 7 mg / mL, 1×10 − 8 mg / mL, 1×10 − 9 mg / mL, 1×10 − 10 mg / mL and 1×10 − 11 mg / mL. All solutions were stirred at 600 r / min. The amalgam zinc film on the glassy carbon electrode was prepared by the potential step method chronoamperometry, and the deposition time was 600s. Under magnetic stirring the initial potential was 0 V, and the step potential was − 1.60 V. 2.4 Fast scan anodic stripping measurements of Zn (II) The electrochemical workstation was composed of an arbitrary / function generator, digitizing oscilloscope, DC power supply, and a printed circuit board (PCB) from Guo's previous research. Scheme 1 is the connection diagram of the apparatus. Using the amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode as a working electrode, platinum wire electrode as counter electrode, and an Ag / AgCl (3M KCl) electrode as reference electrode, a conventional three-electrode cell was assembled. The supporting electrolyte was potassium nitrate (0.5 M). The zinc was stripped using linear sweep voltammetry. The initial potential was − 1.4 V; the terminal potential was − 0.2 V under magnetic stirring. Potential scan rate was 100 ~ 1000 V/s. The current of zinc stripping peaks of different concentrations was measured. All measurements were performed at room temperature. In order to achieve the desired concentrations of the analyte, a serial dilution was done by pipetting them into the supporting electrolyte solution. Six different samples of Zn (II) standard stock solution were obtained and tested three times, and five water samples which were pipetted different volume standard stock solutions of Zn (II) were determinated. At the end, the waste liquid was treated harmlessly by addtion the solution of Na 2 S. The final waste was disposed by a specialized harmless treatment company. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Sensitivity and stability of the determination The amalgam zinc deposited on the glassy carbon electrode and oxidized on the FSASV resulted in a well-defined response, with high sensitivity and good reproducibility. Figure 1 A shows the response of 1×10–11 mg / mL Zn (II) on FSASV with the amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode and the scan rate is 400 V/s. The curve of Fig. 1 A consists of the original data; therefore it has more interference. The smooth curve was obtained by selecting suitable points based on the confidence interval (Fig. 1 B ). Figure 1 B shows the processed data; the current peak is well-defined, and it can be predicted by the theoretical equation (Eq. (1)) [ 45 ]. I p =kvn 2 FAC r l (1) (where k is a constant, v is potential scan rate, n is the number of electrons involved in the electrochemical reaction, F is the Faraday constant, A is the geometric area of the electrode, C r is the analyte concentration in the film, and l is the mercury film thickness). Fig. B shows that the current value of the peak goes up to 0.32mA, which is easy to reproduce in the laboratory, it indicates that the determination is sensitive and stable. Figure 2 shows that the difference of current values between the peaks are obvious when the concentration of Zn (II) is the same, but the scan rate is different. The scan rate of FSASVC is 500 V/s and the CHI760E electrochemical workstation’s is 0.1 V/s respectively. Figure 2 shows the current value of the peak of FSASVC goes up to 0.72mA, however the value of the CHI760E electrochemical workstation was insignificant. Figure 3 shows that the current increases when the scan rate changes from 0.1 V/s to 100 V/s. Examination of the stripping signal reveals that the FSASVC not only increases the scan rate of anodic stripping, but also enhances the stripping response compared to the CHI760E electrochemical workstation. Overall, the data of Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 indicates that FSASVC is more sensitive and stable. 3.2 Influence of scan rate on FSASV Figure 4 shows that the electric quantity is basically invariable at different scan rates; it did not change because the mass of zinc used was the same, and the loss of electrons from anodic stripping were similar too. Figure 5 reveals that when the scan rate is increased, the anodic stripping time is shortened, the shorter the time, the greater the current as the electric quantity is invariable. But the greater the peak current, the more sensitive the determination, and the more interference the peak has. So, the scan rate should be optimized to improve the performance of the FSASV. First, the scan rate was varied between 100–700 V/s. As seen in Fig. 5 , the current increases as the scan rate increases. We attributed this to the fast oxidization of zinc at the electrode surface along with amalgam zinc deposition, the quantity of zinc is invariable, and the electric quantity required is invariable. Second, the signal-to-noise ratio was evaluated between 100–700 V/s. Figure 5 shows that zinc has the best signal at 500 V/s and has very few interference signals. The scan rate of 500 V/s was chosen for subsequent determination. 3.3 Analytical characterization of FSASV Figure 6 A shows the peak currents are directly proportional to the concentration of Zn (II); it increases as the concentration of Zn (II) increases. The peak height obtained under optimized conditions is proportional to the concentration of Zn (II). Six peak of the current heights are shown on Fig. 6 A, and together with six concentration points, the calibration curve was obtained (Fig. 6 B). The peak current increases proportionally with the concentration of Zn (II) to yield an exceedingly linear calibration curve (Fig. 6 B). The calibration curves also displayed a correlation value of 0.994. This shows that there is a strong correlation between the Zn (II) solution concentration and the oxidation current. Even very low concentrations can be detected in connection to longer adsorption periods. For example, a detection limit of calibration curve 3.33×10 − 12 g / mL Zn (II) was estimated on the basis of the signal-to-noise characteristics (S/N = 3) of the current response of 10 − 11 g / mL Zn (II) solution on FSASV. 3.4 Determination of Zn (II) in river water samples Additions of Zn (II) were made to spike the diluted samples and the recovery was studied to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method. The results are shown in Table 1 and the recovery value was calculated to be 105.1% − 93.7%, with a relative standard deviation of 3.9% − 6.2%. The FSASV methodology was applied in the quantitative determination of zinc in river samples. The samples were collected from the Yong River (Ningbo). After it was filtered and concentrated, the zinc standard sample was added, then the specific signals of Zn(II) were observed. After deducting the concentration of the added zinc standard solution, the concentration of Zn (II) in the samples were calculated to be 1.32×10 − 5 mg / mL. This revealed that the proposed method has potential in analyses of riverwaters and wastewaters and seawaters due to its good anti-interference ability. Table 1 The detected concentration of Zn (II) in deionized water. Spiked concentration in deionized water (mg / mL) Recovery of concentration (mg / mL) Coefficient of recovery (%) Rsd (%) 10 − 7 (0.937 ± 0.058)×10 − 7 93.7 6.2 10 − 8 (1.043 ± 0.048)×10 − 8 104.3 4.6 10 − 9 (0.942 ± 0.037)×10 − 9 94.2 3.9 10 − 10 (0.951 ± 0.043)×10 − 11 95.1 4.5 10 − 11 (1.051 ± 0.052)×10 − 12 105.1 4.9 4. Conclusions In this study, we developed a determination system ultra-trace Zn (II) with the amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode on fast-scan anodic stripping voltammetry. The amalgam zinc film was successfully deposited on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode and the zinc accumulated with the mercury film using the potential step method chronoamperometry. The amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode was sensitive enough to detect ultra-traces of Zn (II) in different concentrations of standard stock solution of Zn (II) using FSASV. The calibration curve of Zn (II) was also obtained. The concentration of Zn (II) and peak current showed a good linear relationship from 1×10 − 7 mg / mL to 1×10 − 11 mg / mL for Zn (II). The detection limit for Zn (II) was estimated up to 3.33×10 − 12 mg / mL. The amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode has favorable performance and negligible toxicity. Declarations Acknowledgements Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31600402), the Applied Research Project on Nonprofit Technology of Zhejiang Province (LGF20C090002), the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Key Project (2022S006), the Ningbo Municipal Natural Science Foundation (202003N4185), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation（2017M621895） are gratefully acknowledged. Data Availability: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. References Zuzana Koudelkova, Tomas Syrovy, Pavlina Ambrozova, Zdenek Moravec, Lubomir Kubac, David Hynek, Lukas Richtera, Vojtech Adam, Sensors 2017 , 17, 1832-1849. Iwona Gęca, Electroanalysis. 2023, 35, 2200256(1-4）. D. K. Heyland, N. Jones, N. Z. Cvijanovich, H. Wong, J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr 2008 , 32, 509-519. Mara de la Gala Morales, M. Rosario Palomo Marn, Lorenzo Calvo Bazquez, Eduardo Pinilla Gil, Anal. Methods 2014 , 6, 8668-8674. 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Wipf, Journal of Electroanalytic al Chemistry 2009 , 632，177-183. Scheme 1 Scheme 1 is available in the Supplementary Files section. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Scheme1.png Scheme 1 Apparatus connection. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-4624547\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":330428081,\"identity\":\"007ea1b8-870b-4206-a6a8-1e6c71ac29b0\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Shaohua Ma\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACefbmgw8SKmx45NkbiNRi2HMs2eDBmTQZw54DxFpzI0dN8mHbYRuGGwlE6mCckcMmkdh2mIdx5uONNxhqbKIJamHneXvYIuFcOg+7dFqxBcOxtNwGgra05yXeSCiz5mGcnWMmwdhwmLAWhgM5BhIJbMw8DDfPEKvlRI6RREKbMw/DDR4itYADOeFMGo9hD9AvCcT4BRSVD39U2NjLsx/eeONDjQ0RDkMCQE+RohyihVQdo2AUjIJRMDIAALJ6QetZbEbvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Ningbo College of Health Sciences\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Shaohua\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Ma\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":330428082,\"identity\":\"30a522ef-9f09-420e-8aeb-80286df69c9c\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Jin Lu\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Ningbo College of Health Sciences\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Jin\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Lu\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":330428083,\"identity\":\"86820720-a50a-42c8-9703-0b2171d664ab\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Xiang Ma\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Henan University of Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Xiang\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Ma\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":330428084,\"identity\":\"8a221e49-07e9-40ed-94d4-39e2bbe23eb1\",\"order_by\":3,\"name\":\"Wendi He\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Ningbo College of Health Sciences\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Wendi\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"He\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":330428085,\"identity\":\"004a2b3a-16b8-4f04-be3d-983f6d138e35\",\"order_by\":4,\"name\":\"Hua Wei\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Ningbo College of Health Sciences\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Hua\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Wei\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":330428086,\"identity\":\"de095b30-024f-417e-aa66-5dd3d18bf225\",\"order_by\":5,\"name\":\"Chuangui Ma\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Beijing Jingcheng Biotechnology Co. Ltd\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Chuangui\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Ma\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":330428087,\"identity\":\"4c84b926-32de-4435-b5f6-3e1ae235c859\",\"order_by\":6,\"name\":\"Lingli Jiang\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Ningbo College of Health Sciences\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Lingli\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Jiang\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2024-06-23 09:07:26\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4624547/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4624547/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":61009673,\"identity\":\"841d9d3b-8aa1-4a71-87e4-97869a54729b\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-07-24 14:19:36\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"Figure 1\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":68844,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e(A) Response and processing the registered datum of 1×10\\u003csup\\u003e-11\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL Zn (II) on FSASV\\u0026nbsp; and the scan rate is 400 V/s;\\u0026nbsp; (B) Smooth curve after processing.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4624547/v1/b9fa20e50f3097973846acf8.png\"},{\"id\":61010762,\"identity\":\"11342801-f4e9-45f4-a6c7-85b74ceda2dd\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-07-24 14:27:36\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":2,\"title\":\"Figure 2\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":34321,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eCurrent peaks of 1×10\\u003csup\\u003e-11\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL Zn (II) on FSASV and CHI760E electrochemical workstation with the amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode and the scan rate is 500 V/s and 0.1 V/s respectively.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4624547/v1/963bc70f63075116aaa96977.png\"},{\"id\":61009670,\"identity\":\"d110b2b0-035d-4fd6-91a0-68660a8c8df4\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-07-24 14:19:36\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":3,\"title\":\"Figure 3\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":45888,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eCurrent curves of 1×10\\u003csup\\u003e-11\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL Zn (II) on CHI760E electrochemical workstation and the scan rate is from 100 V/s to 0.1 V/s respectively.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"3.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4624547/v1/03e67461ff5dd6f0e8d444e7.png\"},{\"id\":61009671,\"identity\":\"ea3fec07-1e01-4c1c-9e94-510667e753da\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-07-24 14:19:36\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":4,\"title\":\"Figure 4\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":25303,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eElectric quantity of 1×10\\u003csup\\u003e-11\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL Zn (II) at different scan rate on FSASV.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"4.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4624547/v1/347f76e452bdd009cce71051.png\"},{\"id\":61009672,\"identity\":\"ff750e80-0633-4851-915b-f94c1f0284d5\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-07-24 14:19:36\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":5,\"title\":\"Figure 5\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":57238,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eCurrent curves of 1×10\\u003csup\\u003e-11\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL Zn (II) at different scan rate on FSASV.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"5.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4624547/v1/f0d4d077a6ef513bca55d738.png\"},{\"id\":61009675,\"identity\":\"685e267e-8a93-46af-ab22-c74454eb28ee\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-07-24 14:19:36\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":6,\"title\":\"Figure 6\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":83263,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e(A) Current curves of different concentration of Zn (II) at 500 V/s on FSASV; (B) Calibration curve of Zn (II) detected at 500 V/s on FSASV.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"6.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4624547/v1/61e0c68ea2673c06fa85463b.png\"},{\"id\":70518205,\"identity\":\"d59346dc-2e07-4c48-be25-ef899283e53e\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-12-04 03:02:34\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":777149,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4624547/v1/02b7d7eb-4a90-4993-b885-fedf5225905f.pdf\"},{\"id\":61009669,\"identity\":\"7700334d-eb70-4025-9df1-79db193b7036\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-07-24 14:19:36\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"supplement\",\"size\":153277,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eScheme 1\\u003c/strong\\u003e Apparatus connection.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Scheme1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4624547/v1/e93a5da2b4a135e4dd8a8430.png\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Determination of Zn (II) on fast-scan anodic stripping voltammetric\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"1. Introduction\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eZinc is an essential micronutrient for humans and is necessary for growth; it is required for the normal function of numerous enzymes, hormones and in many metabolism or neurotransmission processes [\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR2\\\" citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR3\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e]; in excess quantities it can be toxic [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR5\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Numerous studies have shown that the metabolism of Zn (Ⅱ) is adversely altered in patients with type II diabetes mellitus, their urine contains large quantities of zinc and the concentration of zinc in their plasma and serum is lower than normal [\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR7\\\" citationid=\\\"CR6\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e6\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR8\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e8\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Zinc is an element commonly found in the environment, Zinc [Zn (II)] is widely used in galvanization, petroleum, lubrication, pigmentation, alloy manufacturing, and battery production [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR9\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e9\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Untreated industrial wastewater contains Zn (II); it can easily contaminate groundwater if not removed from wastewater [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR9\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e9\\u003c/span\\u003e]. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended level of Zn (II) ions concentration in drinking water is 3 mg∙L\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;1\\u003c/sup\\u003e [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR9\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e9\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR10\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e10\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Excess Zn (II) ions may induce nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, lethargy, fatigue, etc., they enter the body through the food chain and contaminated water, causing damage and various diseases [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR11\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e11\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR12\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e12\\u003c/span\\u003e]. The determination of Zn (II) ions has drawn great concern due to the toxic and nutritional effects of zinc. Therefore, it is unsurprising that the levels of Zn (II) ions have to be monitored [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR13\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e13\\u003c/span\\u003e].\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePresently, many techniques are used for the detection of metal ions. The most commonly used methods are atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR14\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e14\\u003c/span\\u003e], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR14\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e14\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR15\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e15\\u003c/span\\u003e], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR16\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e16\\u003c/span\\u003e], and electrochemical analysis [\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR18 CR19 CR20 CR21\\\" citationid=\\\"CR17\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e17\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR21\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e22\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Of these, atomic absorption spectrometry (mzwAAS) techniques are most commonly used for metal determination, as they have greater sensitivity and is fairly low cost. However, AAS can only measure one element at a time. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) offers multi-element analysis [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR22\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e23\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR23\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e24\\u003c/span\\u003e], but the instrumentation and maintenance cost is very high, has a complicated operation process, long determination time, and is bulky in size [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR9\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e9\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Electrochemical analytical methods offers many advantages in the analysis of metal ions such as higher sensitivity, selectivity, efficiency, simultaneous determination, simplicity and is relatively low cost [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR9\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e9\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR24\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e25\\u003c/span\\u003e].\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAn important feature of electrochemical analytical methods is the minimum disturbance caused on the sample while collecting analytical samples or datum [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Voltammetric currents are produced by electronic exchanges at the electrode surface, derived from oxidation or reduction processes suffered by the analytes; these phenomena occur at the electrode-solution interface without affecting the bulk volume of the sample [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR25\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e26\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Electrochemical stripping analyses have been widely used as a powerful tool for the determination of heavy metals [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR24\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e25\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR25\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e26\\u003c/span\\u003e]. In trace and multi-element analysis for heavy metals, anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is the most popular stripping voltammetric method [\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR28 CR29 CR30\\\" citationid=\\\"CR26\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e27\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR30\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e31\\u003c/span\\u003e]. For the success of the stripping operation, proper selection of the working electrode is crucial [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR31\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e32\\u003c/span\\u003e]. In order to achieve a higher measurement sensitivity, film electrodes are beginning to be widely used. Most film electrodes are constructed of silver rod, glass carbon or carbon paste etc. that are covered with bismuth, lead, gallium or mercury [\\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\\\"CR34 CR35 CR36 CR37\\\" citationid=\\\"CR32\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e33\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u0026ndash;\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR37\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e38\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Mercury film electrodes have been used extensively in stripping voltammetry due to their advantages while only a negligible amount of mercury is used [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR38\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e39\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR39\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e40\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Mercury-based electrodes, such as mercury film electrodes (MFE) [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR40\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e41\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR41\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e42\\u003c/span\\u003e] and the hanging mercury drop electrodes (HMDE) [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR40\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e41\\u003c/span\\u003e], have been used as working electrodes due to their benefits, like high reproducibility, sensitivity, high hydrogen over potential, and with the possibility of amalgam formation [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR41\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e42\\u003c/span\\u003e].\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIn this study, amalgam zinc film on glassy carbon electrode was obtained in situ deposition. In situ deposition has the advantage of shortening or eliminating some preparation steps before analysis [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR38\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e39\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR39\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e40\\u003c/span\\u003e]; fast-scan anodic stripping voltammetry [FSASV] was used; the amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode was used as the working electrode as it is an excellent method for the determination of Zn (II). In order to improve the detection limit, we used a printed circuit board (PCB) from Guo's previous research that was based on the current feedback operational amplifier that was constructed to accomplish on-line ohmic drop compensation in FSASV [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR42\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e43\\u003c/span\\u003e, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR43\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e44\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Scheme \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Sch1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e is a connection diagram of the apparatus. Presently, the FSASV determination of Zn (II) with in situ amalgam zinc film deposition has not been reported. Therefore, the analytical performance of the in situ amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode for the detection of Zn (II) was investigated. It was demonstrated that Zn (II) had good stripping peaks on the mercury film electrode, and the anodic stripping voltammetry was not only sensitive and selective but also economical and practical.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"2. Experimental\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec3\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e2.1 Reagents and materials\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAll chemical reagents used in this work were of analytical reagent grade and used as-received, unless stated otherwise. All solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (\\u0026ge;\\u0026thinsp;18.3 MΩ cm) which was obtained by passing distilled water through a Milli-Q plus System (Millipore-waters). Standard stock solutions of Zn (II) (1000 mg L\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;1\\u003c/sup\\u003e, atomic absorption standard solutions) and mercuric nitrate [500mg L\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;1\\u003c/sup\\u003e Hg(NO\\u003csub\\u003e3\\u003c/sub\\u003e)\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003e, atomic absorption standard solutions] were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). An acetate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 5.0), potassium nitrate (0.1 M KNO\\u003csub\\u003e3\\u003c/sub\\u003e), and nitric acid (0.01 M HNO\\u003csub\\u003e3\\u003c/sub\\u003e) served as the supporting electrolyte.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec4\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e2.2 Apparatus\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe CHI760E electrochemical workstation (Chenhua, Shanghai, China), a conventional three-electrode system, which includes a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE, 3 mm, Gaossunion, Wuhan, China), a platinum wire electrode, an Ag / AgCl (3 M KCl) electrode, and a magnetic stirrer (approximately 400rpm) was employed, Tektronix AFG1022, Arbitrary / Function Generator (Tektronix, Shanghai, China), Tektronix Model TBS1102 digitizing oscilloscope (Tektronix, Shanghai, China) with 100MHz band pass, APS3005S-3D DC power supply (Antaixin, NanJing, China), a self-made printed circuit board (PCB) with positive feedback compensation of ohmic drop was optimized, and a purpose-written computer program was used.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec5\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e2.3 In situ deposition of amalgam zinc film on glassy carbon electrode\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe glassy carbon electrodes were polished on a microcloth polishing pad with 1 \\u0026micro;m, 0.3 \\u0026micro;m and 0.05 \\u0026micro;m alumina slurry until a smooth and reflective shiny surface was obtained. Next it was ultrasonically cleaned and rinsed with tap water and distilled water successively to remove any adsorbed substances on the electrode surface, and purged with nitrogen for 15 min. Using the CHI760E electrochemical workstation, we assembled a conventional three-electrode cell, using the glassy carbon electrode as a working electrode, the platinum wire electrode as a counter electrode, and the Ag / AgCl (3 M KCl) electrode as a reference electrode. The supporting electrolyte was an acetate buffer (pH 5.0) solution containing 6\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;4\\u003c/sup\\u003e M mercury nitrate, a specific concentration of Zn (II), 0.05 M potassium nitrate and 0.05 M nitric acid. The Zn (II) concentration of the standard stock solutions or pending test sample were varied according to need. The Zn (II) concentrations of standard stock solutions were 1\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;6\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL, 1\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;7\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL, 1\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;8\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL, 1\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;9\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL, 1\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;10\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL and 1\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;11\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL. All solutions were stirred at 600 r / min. The amalgam zinc film on the glassy carbon electrode was prepared by the potential step method chronoamperometry, and the deposition time was 600s. Under magnetic stirring the initial potential was 0 V, and the step potential was \\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;1.60 V.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec6\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e2.4 Fast scan anodic stripping measurements of Zn (II)\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe electrochemical workstation was composed of an arbitrary / function generator, digitizing oscilloscope, DC power supply, and a printed circuit board (PCB) from Guo's previous research. Scheme \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Sch1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e is the connection diagram of the apparatus. Using the amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode as a working electrode, platinum wire electrode as counter electrode, and an Ag / AgCl (3M KCl) electrode as reference electrode, a conventional three-electrode cell was assembled. The supporting electrolyte was potassium nitrate (0.5 M). The zinc was stripped using linear\\u0026ensp;sweep\\u0026ensp;voltammetry. The initial potential was \\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;1.4 V; the terminal potential was \\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;0.2 V under magnetic stirring. Potential scan rate was 100\\u0026thinsp;~\\u0026thinsp;1000 V/s. The current of zinc stripping peaks of different concentrations was measured. All measurements were performed at room temperature. In order to achieve the desired concentrations of the analyte, a serial dilution was done by pipetting them into the supporting electrolyte solution. Six different samples of Zn (II) standard stock solution were obtained and tested three times, and five water samples which were pipetted different volume standard stock solutions of Zn (II) were determinated. At the end, the waste liquid was treated harmlessly by addtion the solution of Na\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003eS. The final waste was disposed by a specialized harmless treatment company.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"3. Results and discussion\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec8\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e3.1 Sensitivity and stability of the determination\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe amalgam zinc deposited on the glassy carbon electrode and oxidized on the FSASV resulted in a well-defined response, with high sensitivity and good reproducibility. Figure\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003eA shows the response of 1\\u0026times;10\\u0026ndash;11 mg / mL Zn (II) on FSASV with the amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode and the scan rate is 400 V/s. The curve of Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003eA consists of the original data; therefore it has more interference. The smooth curve was obtained by selecting suitable points based on the confidence interval (Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003eB ). Figure\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003eB shows the processed data; the current peak is well-defined, and it can be predicted by the theoretical equation (Eq.\\u0026nbsp;(1)) [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR44\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e45\\u003c/span\\u003e].\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003eI\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003csub\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/sub\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e=kvn\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003csup\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e2\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/sup\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003eFAC\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003csub\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003er\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/sub\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003el\\u003c/em\\u003e (1)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e(where \\u003cem\\u003ek\\u003c/em\\u003e is a constant, \\u003cem\\u003ev\\u003c/em\\u003e is potential scan rate, \\u003cem\\u003en\\u003c/em\\u003e is the number of electrons involved in the electrochemical reaction, \\u003cem\\u003eF\\u003c/em\\u003e is the Faraday constant, \\u003cem\\u003eA\\u003c/em\\u003e is the geometric area of the electrode, \\u003cem\\u003eC\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003csub\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003er\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/sub\\u003e is the analyte concentration in the film, and \\u003cem\\u003el\\u003c/em\\u003e is the mercury film thickness). Fig. B shows that the current value of the peak goes up to 0.32mA, which is easy to reproduce in the laboratory, it indicates that the determination is sensitive and stable.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFigure\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig2\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e shows that the difference of current values between the peaks are obvious when the concentration of Zn (II) is the same, but the scan rate is different. The scan rate of FSASVC is 500 V/s and the CHI760E electrochemical workstation\\u0026rsquo;s is 0.1 V/s respectively. Figure\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig2\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e shows the current value of the peak of FSASVC goes up to 0.72mA, however the value of the CHI760E electrochemical workstation was insignificant. Figure\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig3\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e shows that the current increases when the scan rate changes from 0.1 V/s to 100 V/s. Examination of the stripping signal reveals that the FSASVC not only increases the scan rate of anodic stripping, but also enhances the stripping response compared to the CHI760E electrochemical workstation. Overall, the data of Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e, Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig2\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e and Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig3\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e indicates that FSASVC is more sensitive and stable.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec9\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e3.2 Influence of scan rate on FSASV\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFigure\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig4\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e shows that the electric quantity is basically invariable at different scan rates; it did not change because the mass of zinc used was the same, and the loss of electrons from anodic stripping were similar too. Figure\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig5\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e reveals that when the scan rate is increased, the anodic stripping time is shortened, the shorter the time, the greater the current as the electric quantity is invariable. But the greater the peak current, the more sensitive the determination, and the more interference the peak has. So, the scan rate should be optimized to improve the performance of the FSASV.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFirst, the scan rate was varied between 100\\u0026ndash;700 V/s. As seen in Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig5\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e, the current increases as the scan rate increases. We attributed this to the fast oxidization of zinc at the electrode surface along with amalgam zinc deposition, the quantity of zinc is invariable, and the electric quantity required is invariable. Second, the signal-to-noise ratio was evaluated between 100\\u0026ndash;700 V/s. Figure\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig5\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e shows that zinc has the best signal at 500 V/s and has very few interference signals. The scan rate of 500 V/s was chosen for subsequent determination.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec10\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e3.3 Analytical characterization of FSASV\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFigure\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig6\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e6\\u003c/span\\u003eA shows the peak currents are directly proportional to the concentration of Zn (II); it increases as the concentration of Zn (II) increases. The peak height obtained under optimized conditions is proportional to the concentration of Zn (II). Six peak of the current heights are shown on Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig6\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e6\\u003c/span\\u003eA, and together with six concentration points, the calibration curve was obtained (Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig6\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e6\\u003c/span\\u003eB). The peak current increases proportionally with the concentration of Zn (II) to yield an exceedingly linear calibration curve (Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig6\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e6\\u003c/span\\u003eB). The calibration curves also displayed a correlation value of 0.994. This shows that there is a strong correlation between the Zn (II) solution concentration and the oxidation current. Even very low concentrations can be detected in connection to longer adsorption periods. For example, a detection limit of calibration curve 3.33\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;12\\u003c/sup\\u003e g / mL Zn (II) was estimated on the basis of the signal-to-noise characteristics (S/N\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;3) of the current response of 10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;11\\u003c/sup\\u003e g / mL Zn (II) solution on FSASV.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec11\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e3.4 Determination of Zn (II) in river water samples\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAdditions of Zn (II) were made to spike the diluted samples and the recovery was studied to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed method. The results are shown in Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e and the recovery value was calculated to be 105.1% \\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;93.7%, with a relative standard deviation of 3.9% \\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;6.2%. The FSASV methodology was applied in the quantitative determination of zinc in river samples. The samples were collected from the Yong River (Ningbo). After it was filtered and concentrated, the zinc standard sample was added, then the specific signals of Zn(II) were observed. After deducting the concentration of the added zinc standard solution, the concentration of Zn (II) in the samples were calculated to be 1.32\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;5\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL. This revealed that the proposed method has potential in analyses of riverwaters and wastewaters and seawaters due to its good anti-interference ability.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab1\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 1\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe detected concentration of Zn (II) in deionized water.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\"\\u0026times;\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSpiked concentration in deionized water (mg / mL)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRecovery of concentration (mg / mL)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCoefficient of recovery (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRsd (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;7\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\"\\u0026times;\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e(0.937\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.058)\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;7\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e93.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;8\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\"\\u0026times;\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e(1.043\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.048)\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;8\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e104.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;9\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\"\\u0026times;\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e(0.942\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.037)\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;9\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e94.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;10\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\"\\u0026times;\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e(0.951\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.043)\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;11\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e95.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;11\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\"\\u0026times;\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e(1.051\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;0.052)\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;12\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e105.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"4. Conclusions\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eIn this study, we developed a determination system ultra-trace Zn (II) with the amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode on fast-scan anodic stripping voltammetry. The amalgam zinc film was successfully deposited on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode and the zinc accumulated with the mercury film using the potential step method chronoamperometry. The amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode was sensitive enough to detect ultra-traces of Zn (II) in different concentrations of standard stock solution of Zn (II) using FSASV. The calibration curve of Zn (II) was also obtained. The concentration of Zn (II) and peak current showed a good linear relationship from 1\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;7\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL to 1\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;11\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL for Zn (II). The detection limit for Zn (II) was estimated up to 3.33\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;12\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL. The amalgam zinc film glassy carbon electrode has favorable performance and negligible toxicity.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Declarations\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAcknowledgements\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eFinancial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31600402), the Applied Research Project on Nonprofit Technology of Zhejiang Province (LGF20C090002), the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Key Project (2022S006), the Ningbo Municipal Natural Science Foundation (202003N4185), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation（2017M621895） are gratefully acknowledged.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eData Availability: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003col\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eZuzana Koudelkova, Tomas Syrovy, Pavlina Ambrozova, Zdenek Moravec, Lubomir Kubac, David Hynek, Lukas Richtera, Vojtech Adam, \\u003cem\\u003eSensors\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e2017\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 17, 1832-1849.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eIwona Gęca, \\u003cem\\u003eElectroanalysis.\\u003c/em\\u003e 2023, 35, 2200256(1-4）.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eD. K. Heyland, N. Jones, N. Z. Cvijanovich, H. Wong, \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Parenter. Enteral Nutr\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e2008\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 32, 509-519.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMara de la Gala Morales, M. Rosario Palomo Marn, Lorenzo Calvo Bazquez, Eduardo Pinilla Gil, \\u003cem\\u003eAnal. Methods\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e2014\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 6, 8668-8674.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eShaohua Ma, Qingqing Zhang, Di Wu, Yufang Hu, Dandan Hu, Zhiyong Guo, Sui Wang, Qiong Liu, Jianqiao Peng, \\u003cem\\u003eJournal of Electroanalytical Chemistry,\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e2019\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 847: 113144-113151.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eJiayi Wang, Yiming Niu, Chi Zhang, Yiqiang Chena, \\u003cem\\u003eFood Chemistry\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e 2018\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 245, 337-345.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eM. V. Aguilar, P. Saavedra, F. J. Arrieta, C. J. Mateos, M. J. Gonzalez, I. 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Wipf, \\u003cem\\u003eJournal of Electroanalytic\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eal Chemistry\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e2009\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 632，177-183.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Scheme 1\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eScheme 1 is available in the Supplementary Files section.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Anodic stripping voltammetry, fast-scan, Zn (II), amalgam zinc film, glassy carbon electrode\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4624547/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4624547/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eIn this study, the amalgam zinc film on glassy carbon electrode was obtained in situ deposition; it was used to study the determination of Zn (II). Exceptional sensitivity of the determination was demonstrated using fast scan (v\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;1 KV/s) anodic stripping voltammetry. The scan rate of 500 V/s was chosen for subsequent determination. In this condition, the calibration curve of Zn (II) was obtained. The concentration of Zn (II) and the peak current showed a good linear relationship from 1\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;7\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL to 1\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;11\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL for Zn (II). The detection limit attained for Zn (II) was estimated up to 3.33\\u0026times;10\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;12\\u003c/sup\\u003e mg / mL. In addition, Zn (II) was spiked and determined in samples of deionized water. The recovery values for these experiments were between 105.1% and 93.7%, and their relative standard deviation was 3.9%-6.2%. We demonstrate that the proposed method has potential for practical application in analyses of wastewaters and seawaters due to its good anti-interference ability.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Determination of Zn (II) on fast-scan anodic stripping voltammetric\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2024-07-24 14:19:31\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4624547/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"fedb2745-527d-4e56-9979-a928e4434e7c\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"July 24th, 2024\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2024-12-04T02:54:23+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2024-07-24 14:19:31\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-4624547\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-4624547\",\"identity\":\"rs-4624547\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}