{"paper_id":"2b41bbb8-2616-49cf-a9d5-d86da53f198d","body_text":"Dynamic of quantum Cascade Laser | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Dynamic of quantum Cascade Laser Mohammed Salim JasimAL-Taie This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7187751/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study aimed to provide advanced analysis of the emission characteristics of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) by developing a comprehensive mathematical model. The model focused on simulating the dynamics of carriers (electric charges) within the upper and lower subbands of the laser structure, along with tracking the evolution of photon numbers in the device cavity.The study was able to accurately quantify the laser output delay time and study its dependence on key operating parameters, most notably the injection current. The variation in the number of affected photons was also monitored and interpreted, and the sensitivity of this number to changes in the injection current was assessed. Critical relaxation lifetimes were measured and derived: This included calculating the carrier relaxation lifetime in both the upper and lower subbands, which sheds light on energy loss mechanisms and charge injection efficiency. Spontaneous emission characteristics were also evaluated: This included calculating the spontaneous emission lifetime and determining the spontaneous emission coefficient, as key indicators of photon loss outside the desired stimulated emission process.The results of this research represent a qualitative addition to our understanding of the temporal and dynamic mechanisms governing the operation of a quantum cascade laser. The mathematical model provides a powerful tool for predicting laser behavior and optimizing its design parameters, paving the way for achieving higher-efficiency devices and more stable performance in advanced practical applications. Quantum cascade laser Upper subband Lower subband Photon lifetime Output dynamics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-7187751\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":547094111,\"identity\":\"f21626b9-f276-4a83-8d99-ff188d82db07\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Mohammed Salim 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