{"paper_id":"2a4cb94e-42ab-4cfb-9938-bf8777d2151e","body_text":"Ecosytem Services Assessment of Urban Forests of Adama City, Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Ecosytem Services Assessment of Urban Forests of Adama City, Ethiopia Hingabu Hordofa Koricho, Ararsa Derese Seboka, Shaoxian Song This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-24636/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: The recent urban challenges due to climate change and urban environment deterioration requires proper planning and inventories of urban forests. In this paper, trees and shrub information were used to estimate leaf area/biomass, carbon storage, carbon sequestration, pollution removal, and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, hydrological and functional values of Adama city urban forest. This study was conducted to assess and quantify the ecosystem services of urban forests of Adama city, Central Ethiopia. Results: The result of i-tree Eco model has indicated that the tree species such as Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus globulus, Carica papaya and Delonix regia sequester high percentage of carbon which is approximately 14.7%, 7.4%, 7.3% and 6.2% of all annually sequestered carbon respectively. Besides, urban forests of the city was estimated to store 116,000 tons of carbon; the most carbons were stored by the species such as Eucalyptus globulus, Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya and Delonix regia that stores approximately 22.1%, 12.3%, 9.5% and 4.2% of all stored carbon respectively. Trees in Adama urban forests were estimated to produce 19.93 thousand tons of oxygen per year. It was estimated that trees and shrubs remove 188.3 thousand tons of air pollution due to O 3 , CO, NO 2 , PM2.5 and SO 2 per year. In the city, 35 percent of the urban forest's VOC emissions were from Eucalyptus cinerea and Eucalyptus globulus . Besides, the monetary value of Adama urban forest in terms of carbon storage, carbon sequestration, and pollution removal was estimated to 16,588,470 ETB/yr, 118,283 ETB /yr and 12,162,701,080. 9 ETB /yr respectively. Conclusion: Urban forest of Adama city has significant contribution in terms of enhancing woody species diversity and the regulation of urban environment of the study area. From the management and conservation perspectives, urban forests of the study area needs consolidated interventions in terms of tree planting in bare areas and management works. Hence, reliable commitment should be demanded form the key stakeholders such as government, urban foresters and city dwellers. Terrestrial Ecology Urban forest Ecosystem service Adama trees Carbon sequestration Pollutants Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 1. Introduction In our world, human population growth and urbanization have adverse environmental impacts such as elevated temperatures, increases in air pollution and stormwater quantity, and decreases in stormwater quality, which pose major environmental and public health problems in cities (Rydin et al. 2012 ; Seto and Shepherd, 2009 ). In this regard, urban forest ecosystem plays an important role in providing multiple service and environmental benefits to urban environment (Forrest et al. 1999 ; Strohbach & Haase, 2012 ). Ethiopia has one of the largest urbanization rates (about 4–5%) in the world, and its urban population is expected to increase from time to time. Also, urbanization at a rapid pace is a reality at present (Rama, 2013). The current phenomenon in Ethiopia has been associated with environmental problems in most cities. The major problems are urban sprawl, solid and liquid waste management; water, air, and noise pollution; illegal settlements and the degradation of open green areas (Thomas, 2013). 15% in 2000 to almost 30% in 2030 (UN Population Division, 2004). Ethiopia is experiencing the effects of climate change such as an increase in average temperature and change in rainfall patterns. There are several techniques and models that have been developed to help quantify ecosystem services, such as i-Tree Eco and i-Tree Streets (i-Tree, 2010a). In this work, i-Tree Eco is a software suite were used for the analysis. i-Tree Eco was designed to use standardized field data from randomly located plots, as well as local hourly air pollution and meteorological data, to quantify urban forest structure, ecological function, and the associated value (Nowak et al. 2008 a, McPherson 2010 b). The main aim of this study is assessing the ecosystem service of urban forest of Adama city interms of climate change mitigation; specifically, the study was intended i) to assess carbon storage and sequestiration potential of adama city trees ii) to estimate the oxiygen production and pollution removal by different species of adama city trees and iii) assess the hydrological and functional values of trees in Adama city. 2. Research Methods 2.1. Study Area This study was conducted in Adama city of Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia. Adama city is geougraphically situated between 8° 32′ 24″ N, latitude and 39° 16′ 12″ E longitude within the altitudinal range of 1,712 meter a.s.l. (Fig. 1 ). The total area of the city is about 13,366.5 hectar and 99 km far from Addis Ababa the capital city of Ethiopia. The annual average minimum and maximum temperature of the study area is 13 0 c and 27 0 c, respectively. The annual average rainfall is 837-1005.7 mm and climate varies due to the great variation in altitude (BoFED, 2012). The total population of Adama is about 303,569 of which 150,228 are males and 153,341 are females. Currently, the city contains 18 kebele administrations. Figure 1 : Location map of the study area (source: http://www.google.com.et & survey) 2.2. Research Design and Sampling The reconessance survey was conducted (from October to December, 2018) by a team of 5 people. The site assessment has done to observe the general plot information used to identify the plots and its general characteristics. In this work, trees and shrub information were used to estimate trees and shrubs leaf area/biomass, pollution removal, and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Finally, tree informations used to estimate forest ecosystem value, carbon storage, carbon sequestration and hydrological functions of Adama city urban forest. In this study, a total of 214 sample plots (27 percent of the city) have established by using a simple random sampling method. As a general rule, 200 plots (one-tenth acre each) will yield a standard error of about 10% for an estimate of the entire city. As the number of plots increases, the standard error will be decrease; and therefore we were more confident to estimate for the population. With regard to the sample plot size, the standard plot size for an Eco analysis is a 0.1-acre circular plot with a radius of 11.16 m or 0.0407 hectares. The samples of plots were created directly in the Eco application using the random plots generator via the Google Maps function (Fig. 2 ). The diameters of all identified trees and shrubs were measured at breast height (1.3 m above ground) using a diameter tape (5 m length). Diameter of individual trees were recorded to calculate basal area and relative basal area of plant species. Height of all sampling trees and shrubs were measured by silva hypsometer. The field data collection crews were typically located field plots using maps to indicate plot location. Aerial photographs and digital maps were used in order to locate plots and features. During random plots distribution in the city, the researchers faced a challenge of miss place placement of some plots; for example, some plot center has fallen in buildings, private land and the border of different land ownerships and land-use types; as a result the researchers professional skills were used to shift the plot center into appropriate locations. Figure 2 : Sample plots (highlighted yellow) distribution randomly within the project site based on the standard of the i-Tree Eco Model 2.3. Data collection and analysis In this study, the data was collected from sample plots which have an area of 0.0407 ha (1/10 ac) that randomly laid in city areas of states and data was analyzed using the i-Tree Eco (formerly Urban Forest Effects (UFORE)) model (Nowak et al., 2008 ). The state plots were based on Forest Inventory Analysis national program plot design and data were collected as part of pilot projects testing FIA data collection in urban areas (Cumming et al., 2008). For each tree fournd in the sample plots carbon storage, annual sequestration, oxygen production, pollutant removal and hydrological functions were estimated using biomass and growth equations. Inorder to carryout in national estimates of carbon storage and sequestration, the carbon data was standardized per unit of tree cover. 3. Results The results of this study were from a complete tree inventory and i-Tree Eco analysis of the 214 plots from Adama city, Central Ethiopia. In this section, the structure, carbon storage, carbon sequestration, volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, air pollution removal and hydrological functions of Adama city urban forest were analyzed and presented in detail. 3.1. Structure of tree species of Adama tree During data collection, trees were identified to the most specific taxonomic classification possible. In this work, field data were collected during the leaf-on season to properly assess tree canopies. Typical data collection includes land use, ground and tree cover, individual tree attributes of species, stem diameter, height, crown width. In this work a total of 86 woody speiceis have identified and the height, crown area, DBH of 806 trees and shrubs were measured at field level. Leaf area of trees were assessed using measurements of crown dimensions and percentage of crown canopy missing. In the event that these data variables were not collected, they are estimated by the model. Many tree benefits equate directly to the amount of healthy leaf surface area of the plant. Trees cover about 20 percent of Adama city trees and provide 8.871 square miles of leaf area. Indeed, total leaf area is greatest in urban areas. In Adama urban trees, the most dominant species in terms of canopy cover and leaf area are Acacia albida , Casimiroa edulis , and Eucalyptus cinerea . The attributes of 20 species were presented in (Table 1 ). Table 1 The measurements and condition of some common tree species species Frequency DBH Height Canopy Cover (ft 2 ) Tree condition Leaf area/ac Leaf biomass(Ib) Leaf area index Basal area(ft 2 ) Persia americana 31 4.27 18.67 87.82 Good 318.48 4.887 3.635 0.12 Eucalyptus globulus 28 17.05 48.74 102.02 Good 521 13.82 4.51 3.11 Citrus medica 16 8.16 22.77 134.6 Excellent 649.72 17.94 4.23 0.48 Podocarpus falcatus 24 7.46 33.66 88.525 Good 528.7 8.1 5.06 0.43 Eucalyptus camaldulensis 24 7.87 86.05 77.43 Excellent 378.58 10.04 4.94 0.55 Olea europea 11 5.1 16.4 26.4 Poor 104 1.6 3.9 0.1 Acacia abyssinica 40 7.09 17.39 98.36 Fair 403.56 19.97 3.88 0.58 Eucalyptus grandis 14 7.91 36.53 110.62 Fair 754.04 17.85 6.35 0.47 Cordia africana 16 7.42 18.7 120.45 Good 554.11 8.50 3.77 0.38 Mangifera indica 32 5.88 18.88 66.06 Good 250.85 3.84 3.75 0.23 Azadirachta indica 119 8.11 18.39 57.28 Good 247.23 3.78 3.88 0.57 Citrus sinensis 20 4.04 13.61 45.6 Good 194.765 4.97 4.225 0.115 Carica papaya 55 9.10 17.71 41.25 Good 160.02 2.44 3.83 0.89 Delonix regia 33 10.44 36.13 150.65 Excellent 610.06 9.35 4.23 0.71 Grevillea robusta 28 7.07 28.85 80.328 Good 493.57 12.3 5.38 0.46 Eucalyptus cinerea 8.37 75.68 179.28 Good 849.59 22.51 4.7 0.45 Acacia tortilis 38 16.97 146.07 Fair 536.09 26.54 3.48 0.27 Leucaena leucocephala 35 4.62 18.05 50.10 Excellent 182.08 2.78 4.26 0.14 Casimiroa edulis 15 9.12 30.66 272.33 Good 1272.71 19.51 5 0.54 Acacia albida 14.42 31.02 270.53 Good 1366.97 67.67 4.78 1.53 Total 153.57 604.93 2205.85 10376.2 278.46 87.82 12.18 3.2. Carbon Storage and Sequestration Trees reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by sequestering carbon in new growth every year. The amount of carbon annually sequestered is increased with the size and health of the trees. The gross sequestration of Adama city trees is about 8,291 thousand tons of carbon per year with an associated value of Eth. ETB 1.18 million. Net carbon sequestration in the urban forest is about 7,474 thousand tons. The most common species that are known for the greater share of carbon sequestration in adama urban forest are listed in (Table 2 ). In particular, the tree species such as Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus globulus, Carica papaya and Delonix regia sequester the most perecentage of carbon which is approximately 14.7%, 7.4%, 7.3% and 6.2% of all annually sequestered carbn respectively (Fig. 3 ). Table 2 Carbon storage and sequestration potential of common woody species of Adama urban forest Species No of trees Carbon storage (ton/yr) CO2 equivalent(ton) Carbon sequestration (ton/yr) CO2 equivalent(ton) Acacia abyssinica 26099 6086.6 22319.6 321.3 1178.22 Acacia albida 5872 3147.7 11542.6 251.39 921.84 Azadirachta indica 77643 14273.62 52341.4 1220.63 4476.04 Casuarina cunninghamiana 5220 5544.41 20331.4 51.27 188.02 Carica papaya 35886 11018.11 40403.4 607.28 2226.91 Delonix regia 21531 4844.54 17764.9 518.38 1900.9 Eucalyptus cinerea 13702 2260.97 8291 232.21 851.51 Eucalyptus globulus 18269 25676.41 94155.4 612.23 2245.04 Ficus sur 1957 986.93 3619.1 47.36 173.66 Ficus sycomorus 3915 2892.47 10606.7 243.8 894.03 Ficus vasta 652 5001.59 18340.8 14.98 54.95 Grevillea robusta 18269 2670.2 1176.82 320.92 1176.82 Podocarpus falcatus 15659 2114.66 952.95 259.87 952.95 Acacia tortilis 24794 1854.2 6799.2 277.86 1018.91 Casimiroa edulis 9787 1572.1 5765 217.06 795.96 Citrus medica 10439 1640.8 6016.8 179.74 659.12 Ficus elastica 4567 1996.3 7320.3 169.2 620.46 Persea americana 20226 663.5 2433.1 138.63 508.34 Total 314487 94245.11 330180.47 5684.11 20843.68 Figure 3 : Estimated annual gross carbon sequestration (points) and value (bars) for urban tree species with the greatest sequestration, AdamaTrees Trees in Adama urban forests were estimated to store 116,000 tons of carbon (ETB 16.6 million). Of the species sampled, Eucalyptus globulus, Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya and Delonix regia stores the most carbon of approximately 22.1%, 12.3%, 9.5% and 4.2% of all stored carbn respectively (Table 2 ). 3.3 Air Pollution Removal by Urban Trees Pollution removalby trees and shrubs in Adama city trees was estimated using field data and recent pollution and weather data available. removal was greatest for sulfur dioxide (Fig. 4 ). It is estimated that trees and shrubs remove 188.3 thousand tons of air pollution (ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)) per year with an associated value of Eth. ETB. 26.2 billion. Figure 4 : Annual pollution removal (points) and value (bars) by urban trees, Adama city 3.4 Volatile Organic Compaound Emisson In 2018, trees in Adama city emitted an estimated 51.44 tons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) per year (33.81 tons of isoprene and 17.63 tons of monoterpenes). The emissions vary among species based on species characteristics (e.g. some genera such as Grevellia robusta was high isoprene emitter) and amount of leaf biomass. In Adama city, 35 percent of the urban forest's VOC emissions were by Eucalyptus cinerea and Eucalyptus globulus . These VOCs are precursor chemicals to ozone formation. Table 3 : Estimates of VOC removal by common woody species of Adama city, central Ethiopia Table 3 Estimates of VOC removal by common woody species of Adama city, central Ethiopia Species Name Monoterpene (lb/yr.) Isoprene (lb/yr.) Total VOCs (lb/yr.) Persea americana 210.00 7.50 217.50 Eucalyptus globulus 2681.90 13430.50 16112.50 Schinus molle 714.10 0.00 714.10 Acacia torulosa 1132.00 8.10 1140.10 Eucalyptus camaldulensis 1670.40 8364.80 10035.20 Acacia abyssinica 5540.80 39.60 5580.50 Eucalyptus grandis 1733.20 8679.40 10412.60 Mangifera indica 643.10 0.00 643.10 Pinus patula 384.70 2.80 387.50 Citrus sinensis 298.70 4.90 303.70 Acacia seyal 489.90 3.50 493.40 Ficus elastica 289.60 7117.60 7407.30 Grevillea robusta 159.10 17.10 176.20 Eucalyptus cinerea 3280.00 16425.80 19705.80 Acacia tortuosa 772.00 5.50 777.60 Acacia tortilis 6992.40 50.00 7042.50 Acacia albida 4222.90 30.20 4253.10 Casimiroa edulis 981.20 14.50 995.70 Eucalyptus globoidea 996.40 4989.70 5986.10 Total 34055.50 59205.70 93261.80 3.5 Hydrological benefits of urban trees Urban forests as a whole have important roles throughout the hydrological cycle. Tree crowns intercept rain and reduce the amount of water reaching the pervious or impervious surfaces below. This can increase evapotranpiriation and transpiration of urban forests. The total leaf area of adama urban forest was 5,677.22 acre. The potential evapotranspirtion of Adama urban forest is 187,655,093.82 ft 3 per year, whereas the transpiration potential was 48,441,685.85 ft 3 per year. Table 4 : Hydrological benefits of 18 tree species of Adama city Table 4 Hydrological benefits of 18 tree species of Adama city Species Name Number of Trees Leaf Area Potential Evapotranspiration Transpiration Ficus sur 1957 35.90 1186695.64 306336.14 Ficus vasta 652 2.64 87181.81 22505.30 Citrus medica 10439 155.71 5146853.39 1328619.70 Podocarpus falcatus 15659 190.06 6282314.47 1621730.05 Eucalyptus cinerea 13702 267.24 8833401.02 2280272.96 Casimiroa edulis 9787 285.95 9451862.27 2439923.87 Acacia tortilis 24794 305.14 10085969.15 2603613.57 Acacia abyssinica 26099 241.79 7992174.74 2063117.02 Azadirachta indica 77643 440.68 14566266.32 3760167.03 Carica papaya 35886 131.83 4357542.49 1124865.31 Eucalyptus globulus 18269 218.51 7222632.76 1864465.81 Grevillea robusta 18269 207.00 6842149.76 1766247.12 Persea americana 20226 147.88 4888111.40 1261827.49 Delonix regia 21531 301.55 9967327.43 2572987.15 Acacia albida 5872 184.28 6091170.63 1572387.77 Casuarina cunninghamiana 5220 24.65 814877.96 210354.33 Ficus elastica 4567 611.96 20227693.99 5221620.04 Ficus sycomorus 3915 225.14 7441674.13 1921009.62 Total 14487 3977.91 1485899.36 33942050 3.6 Eco benefit of Adama urban forest The summary of Ecosystem value that include number of trees, carbon storage and sequestration, pollution removal, and structural value of woody species of Adama urban forest were estimated and summarized in (Table 5 ). Table 5 The summary of monetary value of Adama urban trees Trees Carbon Storage Gross Carbon Sequestration Pollution Removal No SE Ton SE ETB Ton/yr . SE ETB/yr . Ton/yr . ETB/yr . 525235 ± 43,558 116279.7 ± 33,049.3 16588470 8291.3 ± 844.8 1182834 89445.4 12162701080. 9 SE : Standard Error, ETB: Birr yr .: year Figures included in the manuscript Carbon storage and gross carbon sequestration value were calculated based on the price of ETB 142.66 per ton. Also, the pollution removal value was calculated based on the prices of Eth. ETB. 39,459.67 per ton (CO), ETB. 277,823.10 per ton (O3), ETB 277,823.10 per ton (NO2), ETB. 68,015.64 per ton (SO2), ETB. 185,489.71 per ton (PM2.5). 4. Discussions This study provided a quantity of the C stored and sequestered by urban trees in Adama city of Central Ethiopia. The result of carbon sequestration and storage of Adama city was appeared higher than carbon assessment work conducted in cities such as Padua, Bolzano and Florence, Lisbon,Portugal, Zurich Switzerland (Crema 2008 ; Paoletti et al. 2011 ; Wälchli 2012 ). In the results current study the amount of carbon stored and sequestered in Adama urban trees was higher than result indicated in the study of Pace Rocco et al. (2018) regarding ecosystem services modeling for urban trees in Munich city of Germany; which was estimated to be 6225 ton and 214 tons per year respectively. Further more, the carbon storage and sequestration indicated in the current study were also compared with the study results presented for three cities of North America. Accordingly, the carbon storage and sequestration estimates of cities such as New York, Chicago and Jersey City were 1,225,200 & 38,400 tonn C − yr , 854,800 & 40,100 tonn C − yr and 19,300 & 800 tonn C − yr respectively (Nowak and Crane, 2002 ). This comparison showed that the annual carbon storage and sequestration of the cites were higher than that of Adama city of Ethiopia except the annual carbon sequestration of Jersey City which was less than Adama city. The C storage and sequestration results from this study were difficult to assess in terms of accuracy and to compare with other studies because of the use of different estimation methodologies, climatic condition, different species composition, and urban forest structures (Jo & McPherson 1995 ; Strohbach & Haase 2012 ). The pollution removal indicated in this study was lower than the result reported form City of Baton Rouge which was 860 tons/year. In the work of Nowak et al. ( 2014 ) recently analyzed the effects of urban forests on air quality and human health in the United States, they found that in highly vegetated areas, trees can improve air quality by as much as 16% (Kroeger et.al 2014 ). Baumgardner et al. ( 2012 ) pointed out that around 2% of the ambient PM10 in Mexico City is removed from the study area. In a study carried out in the city of Barcelona (Spain), Barò et al. (2014) reported that urban forest services reduce PM10 air pollution by 2.66%. Moreover, in the Mediterranean city of Tel-Aviv, Cohen et al. ( 2014 ) observed that an urban park significantly mitigated nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM10 concentrations, with a greater removal rate being observed in winter, and increased tropospheric ozone levels during summer. In this result, the amount of annual Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) removal was lower than the report of study conducted in Scotlandville’s trees which yearly produce 8.91 tons of monoterpene, 125.53 tons of isoprene, and produce 134.43 tons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); that may contribute to ozone formation. (Nowak & Dwyer 2007, Nowak et al. 2014 ). In Adama urban forest trees such as Acacia tortilis , Azadirachta indica and Ficus elastica have higher potenatial evapotranspirationa and transpiration (Table 4 ). Similary, Xiao and McPherson (2016) reported that trees in urban areas can increase the return of runoff to the atmosphere through transpiration, providing associated air cooling benefits. Furthermore, according to the study of Gwynns Falls watershed in Baltimore indicated that heavily forested areas can reduce total runoff by as much as 26% and increase low-flow runoff by up to 13% compared with non-tree areas in existing land cover and land use conditions (Neville, 1996 ). Studies have also reported that tree cover over pervious surfaces reduced total runoff by as much as 40%; while tree canopy cover over impervious surfaces had a limited effect on runoff. The Adama urban forest interms of monetory value have presented in the result sction (Table 5 ). The outcome of current study was compared with the study conducted in city of Baton Rouge the annual monetory value of urban forest service were lower, interms of Carbon storage ( $ 6.2 million/year), Carbon sequestration ( $ 41.0 million) and pollution removal ( $ 1.1 million/year). In general, this work has tried to quantify the ecosystem service value of Adama city of Ethiopia which will help for further urban forest development work and government intervention interms of policy and awareness creation. Further researches should be conducted the assess and evaluate the ecosystem service value of urban trees in several Urban Green Insfrustures (UGI) and comparing with different cities in the country. This will sensitize cities to learn and compute in urban forest development to enhance the ecosystem value of trees. 5. Conclusions Urban forests are a significant and increasingly vital component of the urban environment that can impact human lives. Trees and forests have a positive effect on human health and well-being by improving air quality and reducing greenhouse gases, mainly through reducing air temperatures and energy use and through direct pollution removal and carbon sequestration. Understanding the value of an urban forest can give decision makers a better understanding of urban tree management. These results provide baseline information for management recommendations to maximize the ecological benefits provided by trees. By understanding the effects of trees and forests on the atmospheric environment, urban forest managers and policy makers can decide on the policy and strategic planning of urban greening. Subsequently, it will help for designing appropriate and healthy vegetation structure in cities to improve air quality and consequently human health and well-being for current and future generations. Abbreviations SE: Standard Error; ETB: Ethiopian Birr; yr: year; VOC: Volatile Organic Carbon ; lb: pound ( a unit of mass or weight) ; CO 2 : Carbon dioxide; ft2 : Feet Squeare; DBH : Diameter at Breast Height; SO2: Sulfur dioxide; O 3 : Ozone; CO: Carbon mono oxide; NO 2 : Nitrogen dioxide; PM 2.5 : Particulate Matter less than 2.5 microns; UGI: Urban Green Insfrustures. Declarations Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the experts of Adama city urban greening and beautification department for their assistance in facilitating the fieldwork. The authors are also grateful to Adama city administration and the Wuhan University of Technology, China for financial and other necessary support during our study. Computing interest The authors declares no competing interests. Author’s Contributions HH: contributed in designing the research idea, data collection and data analysis; AD: participated in data analysis, interpretation and report writing; SS: participated in designing method, sturucturing report and guiding the overall paper work. Ethical Approval and Conset to participate Not Applicable Consent for purblication Not Applicable Availablity of Supporting data If needed possible include the supporing data Funding Already mentioned in the Acknowledgemrnt subheading References Baró, F., Chaparro, L., Gómez-Baggethun, E., Langemeyer, J., Nowak, D. J., & Terradas, J. (2014). Assessing ecosystem services provided by urban forests in relation to air quality and climate change mitigation policies in Barcelona, Spain. Ambio , 43 , 466-479. Baumgardner, D., Varela, S., Escobedo, F. J., Chacalo, A., & Ochoa, C. (2012). The role of a peri-urban forest on air quality improvement in the Mexico City megalopolis. Environmental Pollution , 163 , 174-183. 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J., & Crane, D. E. (2002). Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environmental pollution , 116 (3), 381-389. Nowak, D. J., Kuroda, M., & Crane, D. E. (2004). Tree mortality rates and tree population projections in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Urban forestry & urban greening , 2 (3), 139-147. Nowak, D. J., Greenfield, E. J., Hoehn, R. E., & Lapoint, E. (2013). Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and community areas of the United States. Environmental pollution , 178 , 229-236. Nowak, D. J., Crane, D. E., & Stevens, J. C. (2006). Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban forestry & urban greening , 4 (3-4), 115-123. Nowak, D. J., Hirabayashi, S., Bodine, A., & Greenfield, E. (2014). Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States. Environmental pollution , 193 , 119-129. Nowak, D. J., Crane, D. E., & Stevens, J. C. (2006). Air pollution removal by urban trees and shrubs in the United States. Urban forestry & urban greening , 4 (3-4), 115-123. Paoletti, E., Bardelli, T., Giovannini, G., & Pecchioli, L. (2011). Air quality impact of an urban park over time. Procedia Environmental Sciences , 4 (0), 10-6. Sinha, R. S. (2013). Urban Forestry: Urbanization and Greening of Indian Cities-Efforts for Green Delhi. Retrieved May , 18 , 2015. Rydin, Y., Bleahu, A., Davies, M., Dávila, J. D., Friel, S., De Grandis, G., ... & Lai, K. M. (2012). Shaping cities for health: complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century. The lancet , 379 (9831), 2079-2108. Salmond, J. A., Tadaki, M., Vardoulakis, S., Arbuthnott, K., Coutts, A., Demuzere, M., ... & McInnes, R. N. (2016). Health and climate related ecosystem services provided by street trees in the urban environment. Environmental Health , 15 (1), 95-111. Seto, K. C., & Shepherd, J. M. (2009). Global urban land-use trends and climate impacts. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability , 1 (1), 89-95. Strohbach, M. W., & Haase, D. (2012). Above-ground carbon storage by urban trees in Leipzig, Germany: Analysis of patterns in a European city. Landscape and Urban Planning , 104 (1), 95-104. Mpofu, T. P. (2013). Environmental challenges of urbanization: A case study for open green space management. Research Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Management , 2 (4), 105-110. United Nation Population Division (2004). World urbanizations prospects: the 2003 revision. Data tables and high lights. New York, USA. Pace, R., Biber, P., Pretzsch, H., & Grote, R. (2018). Modeling ecosystem services for park trees: Sensitivity of i-tree eco simulations to light exposure and tree species classification. Forests , 9 (2), 89. Neville, L. R., 1996, Urban Watershed Management: The Role of Vegetation, Ph.D. Discussions., SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY. Russo, A., Escobedo, F. J., Timilsina, N., Schmitt, A. O., Varela, S., & Zerbe, S. (2014). Assessing urban tree carbon storage and sequestration in Bolzano, Italy. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management , 10 (1), 54-70. Crema, S. (2008). Urban forestry e stima del carbonio: analisi di linee guida e calcolo in zona urbana come applicazione ed opportunità per l’Università di Padova. Wälchli, G. (2012). Ökosystemdienstleistungen als ökonomische Strategie? i-Tree: ein Instrument für die Wertermittlung von Stadtbäumen Zusammenfassung [dissertation–in German]. Wädenswil: Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften . Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-24636\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":518289,\"identity\":\"a1eaeb46-960d-400a-94ee-7d29ad6529b5\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Hingabu Hordofa Koricho\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, China\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"submittingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Hingabu\",\"middleName\":\"Hordofa\",\"lastName\":\"Koricho\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":518290,\"identity\":\"5c5f6def-21a1-4f0b-854d-7761feba55b9\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Ararsa Derese Seboka\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA50lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACZgj1gYEhgTQtjDNI1sLMQ4wW/tmHn338UWMtZ97e/vCxbZtdHj97A+OHjzm4tUicSzOezXMs3VjmzBlj49y25GLJngPMkjO34bHmDIMxMwPb4cQZEjls0rltzIkbbiSwMfPi0SJ/hv0z449/h+tnyD9//tuyrZ6wFoMzPMYMvG2HEyQkGMyYGdsOE9ZieIanmJm3L91wBk+OsWTPueOJM3sONuP1i9wZ9s2MP75Zy0uwH3/44UdZdWI/e/PBDx/xeR8FMLKByQZi1YPAH1IUj4JRMApGwUgBAAnrTsqimIC7AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"submittingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Ararsa\",\"middleName\":\"Derese\",\"lastName\":\"Seboka\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":518291,\"identity\":\"46fbc587-91f5-4c5d-bdec-8aa4d9812e38\",\"order_by\":3,\"name\":\"Shaoxian Song\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, China\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"submittingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Shaoxian\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Song\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2020-04-23 12:28:31\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-24636/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-24636/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":986678,\"identity\":\"6a36170a-23de-436d-8f87-50fc4b88b97f\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2020-04-28 14:13:15\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"Figure 1\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":89373,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"Location map of the study area (source: http://www.google.com.et \\u0026 survey)\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"FIgure1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-24636/v1/FIgure1.png\"},{\"id\":986679,\"identity\":\"3c6ceff8-6c18-4f55-a811-477d2af37b03\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2020-04-28 14:13:15\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":2,\"title\":\"Figure 2\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":464312,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"Sample plots (highlighted yellow) distribution randomly within the project site based on the standard of the i-Tree Eco Model\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Figure2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-24636/v1/Figure2.png\"},{\"id\":986680,\"identity\":\"89d43c9f-2396-492c-b85b-2c622984e963\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2020-04-28 14:13:15\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":3,\"title\":\"Figure 3\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":15267,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"Estimated annual gross carbon sequestration (points) and value (bars) for urban tree species with the greatest sequestration, Adama city\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Figure3.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-24636/v1/Figure3.png\"},{\"id\":986681,\"identity\":\"f0462557-e9b6-4374-8c7b-4bfd3456b177\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2020-04-28 14:13:15\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":4,\"title\":\"Figure 4\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":19970,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"Annual pollution removal (points) and value (bars) by urban trees, Adama city\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Figure4.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-24636/v1/Figure4.png\"},{\"id\":13500378,\"identity\":\"216bd6b2-158f-46cf-9bb5-a1a14b03f92d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-09-16 23:06:11\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":1087477,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-24636/v1/11c1fc74-aaf7-4190-813b-0b86a05776cd.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Ecosytem Services Assessment of Urban Forests of Adama City, Ethiopia\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"1. Introduction\",\"content\":\" \\u003cp\\u003eIn our world, human population growth and urbanization have adverse environmental impacts such as elevated temperatures, increases in air pollution and stormwater quantity, and decreases in stormwater quality, which pose major environmental and public health problems in cities (Rydin et al. \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR25\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2012\\u003c/span\\u003e; Seto and Shepherd, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR27\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2009\\u003c/span\\u003e). In this regard, urban forest ecosystem plays an important role in providing multiple service and environmental benefits to urban environment (Forrest et al. \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR7\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1999\\u003c/span\\u003e ; Strohbach \\u0026amp; Haase, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR28\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2012\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEthiopia has one of the largest urbanization rates (about 4\\u0026ndash;5%) in the world, and its urban population is expected to increase from time to time. Also, urbanization at a rapid pace is a reality at present (Rama, 2013). The current phenomenon in Ethiopia has been associated with environmental problems in most cities. The major problems are urban sprawl, solid and liquid waste management; water, air, and noise pollution; illegal settlements and the degradation of open green areas (Thomas, 2013). 15% in 2000 to almost 30% in 2030 (UN Population Division, 2004). Ethiopia is experiencing the effects of climate change such as an increase in average temperature and change in rainfall patterns.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThere are several techniques and models that have been developed to help quantify ecosystem services, such as i-Tree Eco and i-Tree Streets (i-Tree, 2010a). In this work, i-Tree Eco is a software suite were used for the analysis. i-Tree Eco was designed to use standardized field data from randomly located plots, as well as local hourly air pollution and meteorological data, to quantify urban forest structure, ecological function, and the associated value (Nowak et al. \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR15\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2008\\u003c/span\\u003ea, McPherson \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR13\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2010\\u003c/span\\u003eb).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe main aim of this study is assessing the ecosystem service of urban forest of Adama city interms of climate change mitigation; specifically, the study was intended i) to assess carbon storage and sequestiration potential of adama city trees ii) to estimate the oxiygen production and pollution removal by different species of adama city trees and iii) assess the hydrological and functional values of trees in Adama city.\\u003c/p\\u003e \"},{\"header\":\"2. Research Methods\",\"content\":\" \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec3\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e2.1. Study Area\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThis study was conducted in Adama city of Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia. Adama city is geougraphically situated between 8\\u0026deg; 32\\u0026prime; 24\\u0026Prime; N, latitude and 39\\u0026deg; 16\\u0026prime; 12\\u0026Prime; E longitude within the altitudinal range of 1,712 meter a.s.l. (Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e). The total area of the city is about 13,366.5 hectar and 99\\u0026nbsp;km far from Addis Ababa the capital city of Ethiopia. The annual average minimum and maximum temperature of the study area is 13\\u003csup\\u003e0\\u003c/sup\\u003ec and 27\\u003csup\\u003e0\\u003c/sup\\u003ec, respectively. The annual average rainfall is 837-1005.7\\u0026nbsp;mm and climate varies due to the great variation in altitude (BoFED, 2012). The total population of Adama is about 303,569 of which 150,228 are males and 153,341 are females. Currently, the city contains 18 kebele administrations.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFigure \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e: Location map of the study area (source: \\u003cspan class=\\\"ExternalRef\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\"RefSource\\\"\\u003ehttp://www.google.com.et\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e \\u0026amp; survey)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec4\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e2.2. Research Design and Sampling\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe reconessance survey was conducted (from October to December, 2018) by a team of 5 people. The site assessment has done to observe the general plot information used to identify the plots and its general characteristics. In this work, trees and shrub information were used to estimate trees and shrubs leaf area/biomass, pollution removal, and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Finally, tree informations used to estimate forest ecosystem value, carbon storage, carbon sequestration and hydrological functions of Adama city urban forest.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIn this study, a total of 214 sample plots (27 percent of the city) have established by using a simple random sampling method. As a general rule, 200 plots (one-tenth acre each) will yield a standard error of about 10% for an estimate of the entire city. As the number of plots increases, the standard error will be decrease; and therefore we were more confident to estimate for the population. With regard to the sample plot size, the standard plot size for an Eco analysis is a 0.1-acre circular plot with a radius of 11.16\\u0026nbsp;m or 0.0407 hectares. The samples of plots were created directly in the Eco application using the random plots generator via the Google Maps function (Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig2\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe diameters of all identified trees and shrubs were measured at breast height (1.3\\u0026nbsp;m above ground) using a diameter tape (5\\u0026nbsp;m length). Diameter of individual trees were recorded to calculate basal area and relative basal area of plant species. Height of all sampling trees and shrubs were measured by silva hypsometer.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe field data collection crews were typically located field plots using maps to indicate plot location. Aerial photographs and digital maps were used in order to locate plots and features. During random plots distribution in the city, the researchers faced a challenge of miss place placement of some plots; for example, some plot center has fallen in buildings, private land and the border of different land ownerships and land-use types; as a result the researchers professional skills were used to shift the plot center into appropriate locations.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFigure \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig2\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e: Sample plots (highlighted yellow) distribution randomly within the project site based on the standard of the i-Tree Eco Model\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec5\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e2.3. Data collection and analysis\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIn this study, the data was collected from sample plots which have an area of 0.0407\\u0026nbsp;ha (1/10 ac) that randomly laid in city areas of states and data was analyzed using the i-Tree Eco (formerly Urban Forest Effects (UFORE)) model (Nowak et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR15\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2008\\u003c/span\\u003e). The state plots were based on Forest Inventory Analysis national program plot design and data were collected as part of pilot projects testing FIA data collection in urban areas (Cumming et al., 2008). For each tree fournd in the sample plots carbon storage, annual sequestration, oxygen production, pollutant removal and hydrological functions were estimated using biomass and growth equations. Inorder to carryout in national estimates of carbon storage and sequestration, the carbon data was standardized per unit of tree cover.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \"},{\"header\":\"3. Results\",\"content\":\" \\u003cp\\u003eThe results of this study were from a complete tree inventory and i-Tree Eco analysis of the 214 plots from Adama city, Central Ethiopia. In this section, the structure, carbon storage, carbon sequestration, volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, air pollution removal and hydrological functions of Adama city urban forest were analyzed and presented in detail.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec7\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e3.1. Structure of tree species of Adama tree\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDuring data collection, trees were identified to the most specific taxonomic classification possible. In this work, field data were collected during the leaf-on season to properly assess tree canopies. Typical data collection includes land use, ground and tree cover, individual tree attributes of species, stem diameter, height, crown width. In this work a total of 86 woody speiceis have identified and the height, crown area, DBH of 806 trees and shrubs were measured at field level.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLeaf area of trees were assessed using measurements of crown dimensions and percentage of crown canopy missing. In the event that these data variables were not collected, they are estimated by the model. Many tree benefits equate directly to the amount of healthy leaf surface area of the plant. Trees cover about 20 percent of Adama city trees and provide 8.871 square miles of leaf area. Indeed, total leaf area is greatest in urban areas. In Adama urban trees, the most dominant species in terms of canopy cover and leaf area are \\u003cem\\u003eAcacia albida\\u003c/em\\u003e, \\u003cem\\u003eCasimiroa edulis\\u003c/em\\u003e, and \\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus cinerea\\u003c/em\\u003e. The attributes of 20 species were presented in (Table \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab1\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 1\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe measurements and condition of some common tree species\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"11\\\"\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003especies\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDBH\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHeight\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCanopy Cover\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e(ft\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTree condition\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLeaf area/ac\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLeaf biomass(Ib)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLeaf area index\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c11\\\" namest=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eBasal area(ft\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ePersia americana\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e31\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.27\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18.67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e87.82\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e318.48\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.887\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.635\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.12\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus globulus\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e28\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e17.05\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e48.74\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e102.02\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e521\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13.82\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.51\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.11\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCitrus medica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8.16\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e22.77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e134.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eExcellent\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e649.72\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e17.94\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.48\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ePodocarpus falcatus\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e24\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7.46\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e33.66\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e88.525\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e528.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5.06\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.43\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus camaldulensis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e24\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7.87\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e86.05\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e77.43\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eExcellent\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e378.58\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10.04\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.94\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.55\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eOlea europea\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e26.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePoor\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e104\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia abyssinica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e40\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7.09\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e17.39\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e98.36\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFair\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e403.56\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e19.97\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.88\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.58\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus grandis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7.91\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e36.53\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e110.62\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFair\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e754.04\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e17.85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6.35\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.47\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCordia africana\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7.42\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e120.45\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e554.11\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8.50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.38\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eMangifera indica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e32\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5.88\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18.88\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e66.06\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e250.85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.84\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAzadirachta indica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e119\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8.11\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18.39\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e57.28\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e247.23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.78\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.88\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.57\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCitrus sinensis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.04\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13.61\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e45.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e194.765\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.97\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.225\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.115\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCarica papaya\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e55\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e17.71\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e41.25\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e160.02\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.44\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.83\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.89\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eDelonix regia\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e33\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10.44\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e36.13\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e150.65\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eExcellent\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e610.06\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9.35\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.71\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eGrevillea robusta\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e28\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7.07\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e28.85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e80.328\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e493.57\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e12.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5.38\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.46\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus cinerea\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8.37\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e75.68\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e179.28\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e849.59\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e22.51\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.45\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia tortilis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e38\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16.97\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e146.07\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFair\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e536.09\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e26.54\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.48\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.27\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eLeucaena leucocephala\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e35\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.62\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18.05\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e50.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eExcellent\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e182.08\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.78\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.26\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.14\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCasimiroa edulis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e15\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9.12\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e30.66\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e272.33\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1272.71\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e19.51\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.54\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia albida\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14.42\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e31.02\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e270.53\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1366.97\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e67.67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.78\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.53\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTotal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e153.57\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e604.93\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e2205.85\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e10376.2\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e278.46\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e87.82\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e12.18\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec8\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e3.2. Carbon Storage and Sequestration\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTrees reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by sequestering carbon in new growth every year. The amount of carbon annually sequestered is increased with the size and health of the trees. The gross sequestration of Adama city trees is about 8,291 thousand tons of carbon per year with an associated value of Eth. ETB 1.18\\u0026nbsp;million. Net carbon sequestration in the urban forest is about 7,474 thousand tons. The most common species that are known for the greater share of carbon sequestration in adama urban forest are listed in (Table \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab2\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e). In particular, the tree species such as \\u003cem\\u003eAzadirachta indica, Eucalyptus globulus, Carica papaya and Delonix regia\\u003c/em\\u003e sequester the most perecentage of carbon which is approximately 14.7%, 7.4%, 7.3% and 6.2% of all annually sequestered carbn respectively (Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig3\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab2\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 2\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCarbon storage and sequestration potential of common woody species of Adama urban forest\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSpecies\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo of trees\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCarbon storage (ton/yr)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCO2 equivalent(ton)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCarbon sequestration (ton/yr)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCO2 equivalent(ton)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia abyssinica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e26099\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6086.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e22319.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e321.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1178.22\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia albida\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5872\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3147.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11542.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e251.39\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e921.84\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAzadirachta indica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e77643\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14273.62\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e52341.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1220.63\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4476.04\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCasuarina cunninghamiana\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5220\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5544.41\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e20331.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e51.27\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e188.02\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCarica papaya\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e35886\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11018.11\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e40403.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e607.28\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2226.91\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eDelonix regia\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e21531\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4844.54\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e17764.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e518.38\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1900.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus cinerea\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13702\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2260.97\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8291\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e232.21\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e851.51\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus globulus\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18269\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e25676.41\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e94155.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e612.23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2245.04\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eFicus sur\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1957\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e986.93\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3619.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e47.36\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e173.66\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eFicus sycomorus\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3915\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2892.47\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10606.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e243.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e894.03\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eFicus vasta\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e652\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5001.59\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18340.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14.98\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e54.95\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eGrevillea robusta\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18269\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2670.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1176.82\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e320.92\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1176.82\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ePodocarpus falcatus\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e15659\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2114.66\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e952.95\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e259.87\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e952.95\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia tortilis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e24794\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1854.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6799.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e277.86\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1018.91\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCasimiroa edulis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9787\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1572.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5765\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e217.06\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e795.96\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCitrus medica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10439\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1640.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6016.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e179.74\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e659.12\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eFicus elastica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4567\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1996.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7320.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e169.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e620.46\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ePersea americana\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e20226\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e663.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2433.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e138.63\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e508.34\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTotal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e314487\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e94245.11\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e330180.47\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e5684.11\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e20843.68\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFigure \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig3\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e: Estimated annual gross carbon sequestration (points) and value (bars) for urban tree species with the greatest sequestration, AdamaTrees\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTrees in Adama urban forests were estimated to store 116,000 tons of carbon (ETB 16.6\\u0026nbsp;million). Of the species sampled, \\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus globulus, Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya and Delonix regia\\u003c/em\\u003e stores the most carbon of approximately 22.1%, 12.3%, 9.5% and 4.2% of all stored carbn respectively (Table \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab2\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec9\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e3.3 Air Pollution Removal by Urban Trees\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePollution removalby trees and shrubs in Adama city trees was estimated using field data and recent pollution and weather data available. removal was greatest for sulfur dioxide (Fig.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig4\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e). It is estimated that trees and shrubs remove 188.3 thousand tons of air pollution (ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)) per year with an associated value of Eth. ETB. 26.2\\u0026nbsp;billion.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFigure \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig4\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e: Annual pollution removal (points) and value (bars) by urban trees, Adama city\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec10\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e3.4 Volatile Organic Compaound Emisson\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIn 2018, trees in Adama city emitted an estimated 51.44 tons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) per year (33.81 tons of isoprene and 17.63 tons of monoterpenes). The emissions vary among species based on species characteristics (e.g. some genera such as \\u003cem\\u003eGrevellia robusta\\u003c/em\\u003e was high isoprene emitter) and amount of leaf biomass. In Adama city, 35 percent of the urban forest's VOC emissions were by \\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus cinerea\\u003c/em\\u003e and \\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus globulus\\u003c/em\\u003e. These VOCs are precursor chemicals to ozone formation.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTable\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab3\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e: Estimates of VOC removal by common woody species of Adama city, central Ethiopia\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab3\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 3\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEstimates of VOC removal by common woody species of Adama city, central Ethiopia\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSpecies Name\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMonoterpene\\u0026nbsp;(lb/yr.)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIsoprene\\u0026nbsp;(lb/yr.)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTotal VOCs\\u0026nbsp;(lb/yr.)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ePersea americana\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e210.00\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7.50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e217.50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus globulus\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2681.90\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13430.50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16112.50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eSchinus molle\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e714.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.00\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e714.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia torulosa\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1132.00\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1140.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus camaldulensis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1670.40\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8364.80\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10035.20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia abyssinica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5540.80\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e39.60\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5580.50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus grandis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1733.20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8679.40\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10412.60\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eMangifera indica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e643.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.00\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e643.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ePinus patula\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e384.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.80\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e387.50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCitrus sinensis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e298.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.90\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e303.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia seyal\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e489.90\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e493.40\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eFicus elastica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e289.60\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7117.60\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7407.30\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eGrevillea robusta\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e159.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e17.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e176.20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus cinerea\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3280.00\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16425.80\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e19705.80\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia tortuosa\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e772.00\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5.50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e777.60\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia tortilis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6992.40\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e50.00\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7042.50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia albida\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4222.90\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e30.20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4253.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCasimiroa edulis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e981.20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14.50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e995.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus globoidea\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e996.40\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4989.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5986.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTotal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e34055.50\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e59205.70\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e93261.80\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec11\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e3.5 Hydrological benefits of urban trees\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eUrban forests as a whole have important roles throughout the hydrological cycle. Tree crowns intercept rain and reduce the amount of water reaching the pervious or impervious surfaces below. This can increase evapotranpiriation and transpiration of urban forests. The total leaf area of adama urban forest was 5,677.22 acre. The potential evapotranspirtion of Adama urban forest is 187,655,093.82 ft\\u003csup\\u003e3\\u003c/sup\\u003e per year, whereas the transpiration potential was 48,441,685.85 ft\\u003csup\\u003e3\\u003c/sup\\u003e per year. Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab4\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e: Hydrological benefits of 18 tree species of Adama city\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab4\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 4\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHydrological benefits of 18 tree species of Adama city\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSpecies Name\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of Trees\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLeaf Area\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePotential Evapotranspiration\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTranspiration\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eFicus sur\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1957\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e35.90\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1186695.64\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e306336.14\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eFicus vasta\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e652\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.64\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e87181.81\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e22505.30\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCitrus medica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10439\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e155.71\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5146853.39\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1328619.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ePodocarpus falcatus\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e15659\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e190.06\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6282314.47\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1621730.05\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus cinerea\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13702\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e267.24\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8833401.02\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2280272.96\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCasimiroa edulis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9787\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e285.95\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9451862.27\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2439923.87\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia tortilis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e24794\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e305.14\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10085969.15\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2603613.57\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia abyssinica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e26099\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e241.79\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7992174.74\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2063117.02\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAzadirachta indica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e77643\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e440.68\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14566266.32\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3760167.03\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCarica papaya\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e35886\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e131.83\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4357542.49\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1124865.31\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus globulus\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18269\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e218.51\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7222632.76\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1864465.81\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eGrevillea robusta\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18269\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e207.00\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6842149.76\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1766247.12\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ePersea americana\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e20226\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e147.88\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4888111.40\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1261827.49\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eDelonix regia\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e21531\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e301.55\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9967327.43\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2572987.15\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAcacia albida\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5872\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e184.28\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6091170.63\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1572387.77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCasuarina cunninghamiana\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5220\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e24.65\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e814877.96\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e210354.33\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eFicus elastica\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4567\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e611.96\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e20227693.99\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5221620.04\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eFicus sycomorus\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3915\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e225.14\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7441674.13\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1921009.62\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTotal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e14487\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e3977.91\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e1485899.36\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e33942050\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec12\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e3.6 Eco benefit of Adama urban forest\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe summary of Ecosystem value that include number of trees, carbon storage and sequestration, pollution removal, and structural value of woody species of Adama urban forest were estimated and summarized in (Table \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab5\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab5\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 5\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe summary of monetary value of Adama urban trees\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"12\\\"\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c2\\\" namest=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTrees\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"4\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCarbon Storage\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\" nameend=\\\"c9\\\" namest=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGross Carbon Sequestration\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\" nameend=\\\"c12\\\" namest=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePollution Removal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eSE\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eTon\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eSE\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c6\\\" namest=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eETB\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eTon/yr\\u003c/b\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eSE\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eETB/yr\\u003c/b\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c11\\\" namest=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eTon/yr\\u003c/b\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c12\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eETB/yr\\u003c/b\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e525235\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;43,558\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e116279.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c5\\\" namest=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;33,049.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16588470\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8291.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026plusmn;\\u0026thinsp;844.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1182834\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e89445.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colspan=\\\"2\\\" nameend=\\\"c12\\\" namest=\\\"c11\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e12162701080. 9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003ctfoot\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd colspan=\\\"12\\\"\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eSE\\u003c/b\\u003e: Standard Error, ETB: Birr \\u003cb\\u003eyr\\u003c/b\\u003e.: year\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd colspan=\\\"12\\\"\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eFigures included in the manuscript\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tfoot\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCarbon storage and gross carbon sequestration value were calculated based on the price of ETB 142.66 per ton. Also, the pollution removal value was calculated based on the prices of Eth. ETB. 39,459.67 per ton (CO), ETB. 277,823.10 per ton (O3), ETB 277,823.10 per ton (NO2), ETB. 68,015.64 per ton (SO2), ETB. 185,489.71 per ton (PM2.5).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \"},{\"header\":\"4. Discussions\",\"content\":\" \\u003cp\\u003eThis study provided a quantity of the C stored and sequestered by urban trees in Adama city of Central Ethiopia. The result of carbon sequestration and storage of Adama city was appeared higher than carbon assessment work conducted in cities such as Padua, Bolzano and Florence, Lisbon,Portugal, Zurich Switzerland (Crema \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR34\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2008\\u003c/span\\u003e; Paoletti et al. \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR23\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2011\\u003c/span\\u003e; W\\u0026auml;lchli \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR35\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2012\\u003c/span\\u003e). In the results current study the amount of carbon stored and sequestered in Adama urban trees was higher than result indicated in the study of Pace Rocco et al. (2018) regarding ecosystem services modeling for urban trees in Munich city of Germany; which was estimated to be 6225 ton and 214 tons per year respectively. Further more, the carbon storage and sequestration indicated in the current study were also compared with the study results presented for three cities of North America. Accordingly, the carbon storage and sequestration estimates of cities such as New York, Chicago and Jersey City were 1,225,200 \\u0026amp; 38,400 tonn C\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;yr\\u003c/sup\\u003e, 854,800 \\u0026amp; 40,100 tonn C\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;yr\\u003c/sup\\u003e and 19,300 \\u0026amp; 800 tonn C\\u003csup\\u003e\\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;yr\\u003c/sup\\u003e respectively (Nowak and Crane, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR17\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2002\\u003c/span\\u003e). This comparison showed that the annual carbon storage and sequestration of the cites were higher than that of Adama city of Ethiopia except the annual carbon sequestration of Jersey City which was less than Adama city.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe C storage and sequestration results from this study were difficult to assess in terms of accuracy and to compare with other studies because of the use of different estimation methodologies, climatic condition, different species composition, and urban forest structures (Jo \\u0026amp; McPherson \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR10\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1995\\u003c/span\\u003e; Strohbach \\u0026amp; Haase \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR28\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2012\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe pollution removal indicated in this study was lower than the result reported form City of Baton Rouge which was 860 tons/year. In the work of Nowak et al. (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR21\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2014\\u003c/span\\u003e) recently analyzed the effects of urban forests on air quality and human health in the United States, they found that in highly vegetated areas, trees can improve air quality by as much as 16% (Kroeger et.al \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR11\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2014\\u003c/span\\u003e). Baumgardner et al. (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR2\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2012\\u003c/span\\u003e) pointed out that around 2% of the ambient PM10 in Mexico City is removed from the study area. In a study carried out in the city of Barcelona (Spain), Bar\\u0026ograve; et al. (2014) reported that urban forest services reduce PM10 air pollution by 2.66%. Moreover, in the Mediterranean city of Tel-Aviv, Cohen et al. (\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR3\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2014\\u003c/span\\u003e) observed that an urban park significantly mitigated nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM10 concentrations, with a greater removal rate being observed in winter, and increased tropospheric ozone levels during summer.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIn this result, the amount of annual Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) removal was lower than the report of study conducted in Scotlandville\\u0026rsquo;s trees which yearly produce 8.91 tons of monoterpene, 125.53 tons of isoprene, and produce 134.43 tons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs); that may contribute to ozone formation. (Nowak \\u0026amp; Dwyer 2007, Nowak et al. \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR21\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2014\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIn Adama urban forest trees such as \\u003cem\\u003eAcacia tortilis\\u003c/em\\u003e, \\u003cem\\u003eAzadirachta indica\\u003c/em\\u003e and \\u003cem\\u003eFicus elastica have higher potenatial evapotranspirationa and transpiration\\u003c/em\\u003e (Table \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab4\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e). Similary, Xiao and McPherson (2016) reported that trees in urban areas can increase the return of runoff to the atmosphere through transpiration, providing associated air cooling benefits. Furthermore, according to the study of Gwynns Falls watershed in Baltimore indicated that heavily forested areas can reduce total runoff by as much as 26% and increase low-flow runoff by up to 13% compared with non-tree areas in existing land cover and land use conditions (Neville, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR32\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1996\\u003c/span\\u003e). Studies have also reported that tree cover over pervious surfaces reduced total runoff by as much as 40%; while tree canopy cover over impervious surfaces had a limited effect on runoff.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe Adama urban forest interms of monetory value have presented in the result sction (Table \\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab5\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e). The outcome of current study was compared with the study conducted in city of Baton Rouge the annual monetory value of urban forest service were lower, interms of Carbon storage (\\u003cspan\\u003e$\\u003c/span\\u003e6.2\\u0026nbsp;million/year), Carbon sequestration (\\u003cspan\\u003e$\\u003c/span\\u003e41.0\\u0026nbsp;million) and pollution removal (\\u003cspan\\u003e$\\u003c/span\\u003e 1.1\\u0026nbsp;million/year).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIn general, this work has tried to quantify the ecosystem service value of Adama city of Ethiopia which will help for further urban forest development work and government intervention interms of policy and awareness creation. Further researches should be conducted the assess and evaluate the ecosystem service value of urban trees in several Urban Green Insfrustures (UGI) and comparing with different cities in the country. This will sensitize cities to learn and compute in urban forest development to enhance the ecosystem value of trees.\\u003c/p\\u003e \"},{\"header\":\"5. Conclusions\",\"content\":\" \\u003cp\\u003eUrban forests are a significant and increasingly vital component of the urban environment that can impact human lives. Trees and forests have a positive effect on human health and well-being by improving air quality and reducing greenhouse gases, mainly through reducing air temperatures and energy use and through direct pollution removal and carbon sequestration. Understanding the value of an urban forest can give decision makers a better understanding of urban tree management. These results provide baseline information for management recommendations to maximize the ecological benefits provided by trees. By understanding the effects of trees and forests on the atmospheric environment, urban forest managers and policy makers can decide on the policy and strategic planning of urban greening. Subsequently, it will help for designing appropriate and healthy vegetation structure in cities to improve air quality and consequently human health and well-being for current and future generations.\\u003c/p\\u003e \"},{\"header\":\"Abbreviations\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eSE:\\u003c/strong\\u003e Standard Error; \\u003cstrong\\u003eETB: \\u003c/strong\\u003eEthiopian Birr;\\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp;\\u003cstrong\\u003eyr: \\u003c/strong\\u003eyear; \\u003cstrong\\u003eVOC:\\u003c/strong\\u003eVolatile Organic Carbon\\u003cstrong\\u003e;\\u003c/strong\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003elb:\\u003c/strong\\u003e pound (\\u0026nbsp; a unit of mass or weight) ; \\u003cstrong\\u003eCO\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003e : \\u003c/strong\\u003eCarbon dioxide; \\u003cstrong\\u003eft2 :\\u003c/strong\\u003e Feet Squeare; \\u003cstrong\\u003eDBH\\u003c/strong\\u003e: Diameter at Breast Height;\\u0026nbsp; \\u003cstrong\\u003eSO2:\\u003c/strong\\u003e Sulfur dioxide; \\u003cstrong\\u003eO\\u003csub\\u003e3\\u003c/sub\\u003e:\\u003c/strong\\u003eOzone; \\u003cstrong\\u003eCO:\\u003c/strong\\u003e Carbon mono oxide; \\u003cstrong\\u003eNO\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003e:\\u003c/strong\\u003eNitrogen dioxide; \\u003cstrong\\u003ePM\\u003csub\\u003e2.5 \\u003c/sub\\u003e:\\u003c/strong\\u003e Particulate Matter less than 2.5 microns; \\u0026nbsp;\\u003cstrong\\u003eUGI:\\u003c/strong\\u003e Urban Green Insfrustures.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Declarations\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAcknowledgment\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe authors acknowledge the experts of Adama city urban greening and beautification department for their assistance in facilitating the fieldwork. The authors are also grateful to Adama city administration and the Wuhan University of Technology, China for financial and other necessary support during our study.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eComputing interest\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe authors declares no competing interests.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAuthor\\u0026rsquo;s Contributions\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eHH: contributed in designing the research idea, data collection and data analysis; AD: participated in data analysis, interpretation and report writing; SS: participated in designing\\u0026nbsp; method, sturucturing report and guiding the overall paper work.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eEthical Approval and Conset to participate\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eNot Applicable\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eConsent for purblication \\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eNot Applicable\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAvailablity of Supporting data\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIf needed possible include the supporing data\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eFunding \\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAlready mentioned in the Acknowledgemrnt\\u0026nbsp; subheading\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eBar\\u0026oacute;, F., Chaparro, L., G\\u0026oacute;mez-Baggethun, E., Langemeyer, J., Nowak, D. 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Urban forestry e stima del carbonio: analisi di linee guida e calcolo in zona urbana come applicazione ed opportunit\\u0026agrave; per l\\u0026rsquo;Universit\\u0026agrave; di Padova.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eW\\u0026auml;lchli, G. (2012). \\u0026Ouml;kosystemdienstleistungen als \\u0026ouml;konomische Strategie? i-Tree: ein Instrument f\\u0026uuml;r die Wertermittlung von Stadtb\\u0026auml;umen Zusammenfassung [dissertation\\u0026ndash;in German]. \\u003cem\\u003eW\\u0026auml;denswil: Z\\u0026uuml;rcher Hochschule f\\u0026uuml;r Angewandte Wissenschaften\\u003c/em\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Urban forest; Ecosystem service; Adama trees; Carbon sequestration; Pollutants\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-24636/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-24636/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eBackground: \\u003c/strong\\u003eThe recent urban challenges due to climate change and urban environment deterioration requires proper planning and inventories of urban forests. In this paper, trees and shrub information were used to estimate leaf area/biomass, carbon storage, carbon sequestration, pollution removal, and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, hydrological and functional values of Adama city urban forest. This study was conducted to assess and quantify the ecosystem services of urban forests of Adama city, Central Ethiopia.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eResults: \\u003c/strong\\u003eThe result of i-tree Eco model has indicated that the tree species such as\\u003cem\\u003e Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus globulus, Carica papaya and\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003eDelonix regia\\u003c/em\\u003e sequester high percentage of carbon which is approximately 14.7%, 7.4%, 7.3% and 6.2% of all annually sequestered carbon respectively. Besides, urban forests of the city was estimated to store 116,000 tons of carbon; the most carbons were stored by the species such as \\u0026nbsp;\\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus globulus, Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya and\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003eDelonix regia\\u003c/em\\u003e that stores approximately 22.1%, 12.3%, 9.5% and 4.2% of all stored carbon respectively. Trees in Adama urban forests were estimated to produce 19.93 thousand tons of oxygen per year. It was estimated that trees and shrubs remove 188.3 thousand tons of air pollution due to O\\u003csub\\u003e3\\u003c/sub\\u003e, CO, NO\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003e, PM2.5 and SO\\u003csub\\u003e2\\u003c/sub\\u003e per year.\\u0026nbsp;In the city, 35 percent of the urban forest's VOC emissions were from \\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus cinerea \\u003c/em\\u003eand \\u003cem\\u003eEucalyptus globulus\\u003c/em\\u003e. Besides, the monetary value of Adama urban forest in terms of carbon storage, carbon sequestration, and pollution removal was estimated to 16,588,470 ETB/yr, 118,283 ETB /yr and 12,162,701,080. 9 ETB /yr respectively.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eConclusion:\\u003c/strong\\u003e Urban forest of Adama city has significant contribution in terms of enhancing woody species diversity and the regulation of urban environment of the study area. From the management and conservation perspectives, urban forests of the study area needs consolidated interventions in terms of tree planting in bare areas and management works. Hence, reliable commitment should be demanded form the key stakeholders such as government, urban foresters and city dwellers.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Ecosytem Services Assessment of Urban Forests of Adama City, Ethiopia\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2020-04-28 14:13:00\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-24636/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"85fe7794-fd8e-4e0f-a67c-0882ef505249\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"April 28th, 2020\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[{\"id\":90147,\"name\":\"Terrestrial Ecology\"}],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2020-05-29T03:02:15+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2020-04-28 14:13:00\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-24636\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-24636\",\"identity\":\"rs-24636\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"cBFmMYwuxLRRLfASyISRj\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}