{"paper_id":"2933eb25-639f-4aca-9237-91033f661353","body_text":"A Research on a Method of Calculating Pixel Coordinates of Projectile Explosion Position Based on MCF-U-net Explosive Firelight Image Segmentation Algorithm | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Research on a Method of Calculating Pixel Coordinates of Projectile Explosion Position Based on MCF-U-net Explosive Firelight Image Segmentation Algorithm Shaopeng Liang, Hanshan Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4837775/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Aiming at the difficulties existing in the test of projectile explosion position of long-range artillery, the paper proposes an image recognition method of projectile explosion fire based on MCF-U-net network, which mainly optimises and improves the original U-net network from the perspectives of model lightweighting and the accuracy of recognition of weak fire information in the beginning stage of the explosion. In addition, after segmenting and recognising the projectile explosion fire image, we base on the spatial characteristics of the downward dive of the firelight from a projectile near-ground explosion, proposing a method of calculating the pixel coordinates of the projectile explosion position based on the judgement criterion of the initial stage of the projectile explosion in consecutive multi-frame frequency and the threshold-constrained top-mean method of the firelight. By setting a threshold to define the initial and the mutation phase of explosion, the approximation of the pixel coordinates of the projectile explosion position is based on a process of successive frame-by-frame analysis of the projectile explosion fire between this two phases. Through experimental comparison and analysis, it is found that the proposed recognition algorithm of projectile explosion firelight can reach a mIoU of 81.39%, which provides a basis for the projectile fuzing control detonation judgement. Projectile explosion position test Semantic segmentation FPN Attention mechanism Coordinate calculation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-4837775\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":334835339,\"identity\":\"c1fee2fd-4cfe-45f9-9fe7-fda1561108a1\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Shaopeng Liang\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNmbmww8/VLDx8MsfPkCcFj52tjRjiTN8MpIz2BKI0yLHz2MgwdsmZ2Mwg8eAWIfxGBhIsJnxGEj3fLzxhsFOTreBoBa2ggcFPGk85jJnN1vOYUg2NjtAUAvzBgMJiWM8lg2526R5GA4kbiOshcFAgsfgP4/BgZxnxGphAWpJYOMxuJHDRqwWUCAfYOOR7DlmbDnHgAi/yPcfPvzw4z82e3725oc33lTYyRHUggIkiI0aZC2k6hgFo2AUjIIRAQDQDzjH6AOYNwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Shaopeng\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Liang\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":334835340,\"identity\":\"92b81243-069a-4a6d-9138-6c556a548c42\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Hanshan Li\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Hanshan\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Li\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2024-07-31 19:42:17\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":{\"humanSubjects\":false,\"vertebrateSubjects\":false,\"conflictsOfInterestStatement\":false,\"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines\":false,\"humanSubjectConsent\":false,\"humanSubjectClinicalTrial\":false,\"humanSubjectCaseReport\":false,\"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines\":false},\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4837775/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4837775/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":69191400,\"identity\":\"0a97341b-9c34-4f36-bfa4-7d352f2ea99a\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-11-17 19:16:33\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":748051,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"file.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4837775/v1_covered_769d6371-7850-40c4-ac78-c35022dbdee1.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"A Research on a Method of Calculating Pixel Coordinates of Projectile Explosion Position Based on MCF-U-net Explosive Firelight Image Segmentation Algorithm\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Projectile explosion position test, Semantic segmentation, FPN, Attention mechanism, Coordinate calculation\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4837775/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4837775/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eAiming at the difficulties existing in the test of projectile explosion position of long-range artillery, the paper proposes an image recognition method of projectile explosion fire based on MCF-U-net network, which mainly optimises and improves the original U-net network from the perspectives of model lightweighting and the accuracy of recognition of weak fire information in the beginning stage of the explosion. 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