{"paper_id":"28b05f26-407c-45b7-84d2-bcdfae39bfb5","body_text":"Groundwater System Evolution and Sustainable Management in Energy Bases: A Case Study of Ejin Horo Banner Hilly Region | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Groundwater System Evolution and Sustainable Management in Energy Bases: A Case Study of Ejin Horo Banner Hilly Region Rui Zou, Xiaojun Wang, Weihua Peng, Yanan Jiang, Jianfeng Liu, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7525019/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Addressing water resource constraints in arid energy bases, this study employs a calibrated 3D groundwater flow model to systematically assess groundwater dynamics in Ejin Horo Banner’s hilly region (Ordos, China). Key findings reveal: (1) Total annual groundwater resources amount to 10,841.331×10⁴m³ with marked spatial heterogeneity (Zone I: 2,965.947×10⁴m³ to Zone VI: 420.844×10⁴m³); (2) A water deficit of -1,090.647×10⁴m³/a indicates unsustainable exploitation, where rainfall infiltration dominates recharge (64.15%) and groundwater extraction constitutes 64.63% of total discharge; (3) Simulations (2020–2026) project persistent groundwater decline, with maximum cumulative drawdown reaching 3.7m in Zone V by 2025, and an additional 1.5m by 2026; (4) The dual-driver mechanism combines seasonal fluctuations (wet-season rise/dry-season decline) with long-term mining-induced depletion. We propose zone-specific management strategies: strict extraction control in Zone V, enhanced rainfall infiltration utilization, and a water-energy nexus governance framework, offering a scientific paradigm for sustainable water management in ecologically fragile energy hubs. Groundwater dynamics Aquifer systems Water balance Sustainable water management Arid regions Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers invited by journal 15 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 10 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 10 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 03 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-7525019\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":515508380,\"identity\":\"0a0ef817-7401-43fa-a1c6-95eaa583bf1b\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Rui Zou\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Rui\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Zou\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":515508381,\"identity\":\"be2a44fe-d307-4d4d-90f2-452f60a927b6\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Xiaojun 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Key findings reveal: (1) Total annual groundwater resources amount to 10,841.331\\u0026times;10⁴m\\u0026sup3; with marked spatial heterogeneity (Zone I: 2,965.947\\u0026times;10⁴m\\u0026sup3; to Zone VI: 420.844\\u0026times;10⁴m\\u0026sup3;); (2) A water deficit of -1,090.647\\u0026times;10⁴m\\u0026sup3;/a indicates unsustainable exploitation, where rainfall infiltration dominates recharge (64.15%) and groundwater extraction constitutes 64.63% of total discharge; (3) Simulations (2020\\u0026ndash;2026) project persistent groundwater decline, with maximum cumulative drawdown reaching 3.7m in Zone V by 2025, and an additional 1.5m by 2026; (4) The dual-driver mechanism combines seasonal fluctuations (wet-season rise/dry-season decline) with long-term mining-induced depletion. We propose zone-specific management strategies: strict extraction control in Zone V, enhanced rainfall infiltration utilization, and a water-energy nexus governance framework, offering a scientific paradigm for sustainable water management in ecologically fragile energy hubs.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Groundwater System Evolution and Sustainable Management in Energy Bases: A Case Study of Ejin Horo Banner Hilly Region\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-09-23 03:23:29\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7525019/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0},{\"type\":\"reviewersInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-09-15T13:50:00+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorAssigned\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-09-10T09:48:27+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"checksComplete\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-09-10T09:47:21+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"submitted\",\"content\":\"Modeling Earth Systems and Environment\",\"date\":\"2025-09-03T09:02:17+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"modeling-earth-systems-and-environment\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"mese\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Modeling Earth Systems and Environment](http://link.springer.com/journal/40808)\",\"snPcode\":\"40808\",\"submissionUrl\":\"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/40808/3\",\"title\":\"Modeling Earth Systems and Environment\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Springer Hybrid\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":false}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"cac622af-1a0d-4eca-95bb-09be049efd29\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"September 23rd, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"under-review\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2025-09-23T03:23:29+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-09-23 03:23:29\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-7525019\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-7525019\",\"identity\":\"rs-7525019\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}