{"paper_id":"2656b1a4-643a-4e2d-a2c9-d18ae18d6402","body_text":"Skill Competency Program on Post Abortion Care Among Midwives | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Skill Competency Program on Post Abortion Care Among Midwives Cap.Prof.Dr.Geeta Parwanda, Dr. Ambli VENUGOPAL, yaping Dolo This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8739410/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Comprehensive postabortion care services should encompass both medical and preventive health care. To ensure the provision of health information and education, stabilization and referral, and uterine evacuation aimed at mitigating the risk of long-term illness, disability, and mortality among women experiencing complications from incomplete abortion, healthcare systems must deliver accessible, high-quality post-abortion care across all service levels. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the knowledge and practice on post abortion care among midwives 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of skill competency program on post abortion care in experimental group as compare to control group 3. To find out the association between pretest knowledge and practice score with demographic variable in experimental and control group METHOD: A quasi-experimental study was done on 60 midwives in both experimental & control group selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by using questionnaire related to post abortion care for knowledge & practice checklist, pre-test & post-test was taken from both experimental & control group and skill competency programme was given only in experimental group. The data was descriptively summarized numerical data using the mean and the standard deviation and categorical data using frequency and percentages and performed bivariate analysis using χ2 test and determined factors associated with the outcome using analysis at a 5% level of statistical significance. RESULT: Findings revealed that by skill competency programme in experimental group improved the knowledge & practice as compare to control group and there was partly significant association of pre-test score of knowledge in experimental group with demographic variable. But no association with control group CONCLUSION: The study conclude that the skill competency programme is an effective mothed to improve the knowledge and practice among midwives in selected hospital of Meerut. skill competency programme knowledge and practice checklist midwives INTRODUCTION Comprehensive postabortion care (PAC) services should encompass both medical management and preventive reproductive health care. The essential components of postabortion care include: (1) emergency treatment of incomplete abortion and other potentially life-threatening complications; (2) postabortion family planning counseling and provision of contraceptive services; and (3) effective linkages between emergency postabortion services and the broader reproductive health care system to ensure continuity of care. Emergency treatment is a fundamental component of all health systems, as at least 15% of recognized pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). Therefore, the need for emergency postabortion care services exists in nearly all settings. However, the quality, accessibility, and availability of these services vary considerably across regions and health facilities. Emergency management of postabortion complications is frequently limited to secondary and tertiary care facilities located in urban centers. In many developing countries, inadequate transportation systems make these centralized services inaccessible to poor and rural women. As a result, even spontaneous abortion can become life-threatening due to delays in receiving timely care. Expanding access to emergency postabortion services requires decentralizing treatment to lower levels of the health system and strengthening the quality and scope of care at each level. These efforts should be supported by clearly defined service delivery protocols and comprehensive, systematic training of health care providers. Emergency treatment for postabortion complications includes: Initial assessment to confirm the presence and severity of abortion-related complications Clear communication with the woman regarding her condition and the proposed treatment plan Medical evaluation, including a brief history and focused physical and pelvic examination Prompt referral and transfer if care required exceeds the facility’s capacity Stabilization of emergency conditions and management of complications present before, during, or after the procedure Uterine evacuation to remove retained products of conception (POC) The World Health Organization has identified prompt treatment of incomplete abortion as an essential component of basic obstetric care that should be available at every district-level hospital. Importantly, uncomplicated incomplete abortions can also be effectively managed at the primary care level or in family planning clinics through manual vacuum aspiration (MVA), thereby improving accessibility and reducing delays in care. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the level of knowledge on post abortion care among midwives 2. To assess the level of practice on post abortion care among midwives 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of skill competency program on post abortion care in experimental group as compare to control group MATERIALS AND METHODS \"Evaluative research approach was selected for the study. Quasi experimental, pre-test post-test research design was used in this study. The independent variable in the study was skill competency programme and dependent variable was knowledge and practice regarding skill competency on post abortion in midwives. The study was conducted in selected hospital Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, and Lokpriya hospital Meerut. For the study 60 Midwives (30 in experimental group and 30 in control group) were selected purposively as sample. The tool was used in this study was Structured Knowledge Questionnaire & Practice Questionnaire and selected demographic variables. Data was collected by assess the knowledge and practice. The data collection will be analysis by descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics :demographic variable, effectiveness will be analysed using frequency percentage mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics : Pre and post difference will be analysed by paired t-test within the group. Demographic variables and post level of effectiveness will be analysed suing chi-square test. RESULTS The analysis is the categorizing, ordering, and summarizing of data, making sense of results, and examining the implication of finding in a broader context. Analysis and interpretation of data were based on the objectives of the study and the hypothesis to be tested. SECTION-1 FINDINGS RELATED TO PRE-TEST & POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE IN CONTROL GROUP- Data represented in table depicted that in pre-tests of control group shows that 30(100%) samples were had poor knowledge and 0(0%) had in adequate average knowledge regarding post abortion care none of the staff nurse were had good level of knowledge in pre-test. The post-test of control group shows that none of them had good knowledge, 30(30%) were had poor knowledge and 0(0%) had Average knowledge. Comparing the score there was no difference in pre-test and post- test knowledge score control group. FINDINGS RELATED TO PRE-TEST & POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE IN EXPERIMENTAL GROUP- Data represented in table depicted that 10(33.3%) were midwives had level of poor knowledge in pre-test, 20(66.6%) were had average knowledge and non-have good knowledge regarding post abortion care in post- test 10(33.3%) were had good knowledge, 20(66.6%) were had Excellence knowledge and non-have Poor knowledge. SECTION-2 FINDINGS RELATED TO PRE-TEST & POST- TEST LEVEL OF PRACTICE IN EXPERIMENTAL GROUP: - The pre –test Data represented majority of samples ,19 (63.3%) had Average practice score and 11(36.6%) of samples had poor practice score in the experimental group.The post –test Data represented majority of samples,24 (80%) had Average practice score and 6(20%) of samples had poor practice score in the experimental group.The result shows that there is significant change in the practice score in pre and post test in Experimental group. FINDINGS RELATED TO PRE-TEST & POST- TEST LEVEL OF PRACTICE IN CONTROL GROUP: - The pre –test Data represented majority of samples, 22 (73.3%) had Average practice score and 8(26.6%) of samples had poor practice score in the control group. The post –test Data represented majority of samples, 23 (76.6%) had Average practice score and 7(23.3%) of samples had poor practice score in the control group. The result shows that there is not much difference in the practice score in pre and post test in Control group. SECTION.3- MEAN, MEAN DIFFERENCE, STANDARD DEVIATION OF DIFFERENCE, STANDARD ERROR OF MEAN DIFFERENCE AND “T” VALUE OF PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORES OF EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS: - The table shows that the mean, mean difference and the standard deviation of pre-test and post-test of knowledge score in experimental group. The post -test mean of experimental group was 12.57 which was much higher than the pre-test of experimental group means 6.00. The standard error was 0.846 The calculated’ value was 7.75 (DF = 29). Which was much higher than the tabulated’ i.e., 2.05 at 0.05 level of significance. also, the calculated ‘p’=0.08122 which was much lower than the acceptable level of significance i.e., ‘p’<0.05. Hence h o1 is rejected and accepted h 1 and it is statistically interpreted that the management was highly effective in improving the knowledge on post abortion care. MEAN, MEAN DIFFERENCE, STANDARD DEVIATION OF DIFFERENCE , STANDARD ERROR OF MEAN DIFFERENCE AND “T” VALUE OF PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST PRACTICE SCORES OF EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS Data represents in table shows that the mean, mean difference and the standard deviation of pre-test and post-test of practice score in practice group. The post- test mean of practice group was 33.93 which was much higher than the pre-test of attitude group means 11.60. The standard error was 0.685. The calculated’ value was 32.585 (DF = 29). Which was much higher than the tabulated’ 2.05 at 0.05 level of significance. also, the calculated ‘p’=0.009766 which was much lower than the acceptable level of significance ‘p’<0.05. hence h o2 is rejected and h 2 is accepted and it is statistically interpreted that the management was highly effective in improving the practice on post abortion care CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The researcher's conclusions were based on the objective of Do research was to examine and represent the knowledge and Practice of Midwives regarding skill competency on post abortion care. In the last, it was considered that midwives were having good knowledge and practice as compared to skill competency program. They know the part of the post abortion care or its application that is within their capability to practice. RECOMMENDATION: A similar study can be replicated on large sample to generalize the findings. A study can be conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding management of post abortion care among staff nurses. A study can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisting teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding management of post abortion care among the staff nurses in selected hospitals. A study can be conducted for long duration of intervention Declarations 1)Ethical Approval : The research statement was approved by Ethical clearance was obtained from the University Ethical Committee concerned with particular settings from the Ethical Committee. We received ethical approval from Swami Vivekanand Subahrti University Research Ethics Committee – Medical (reference #SMC/UECM/2023/613/293). Administrative approval was obtained from the Office of Medical Superintendent Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Meerut. 2) Consent to participate Participants voluntarily gave written informed consent after explanations were provided regarding the purpose of the study, the data collection procedure and the rationale for participant selection. We allowed the participants to withdraw from the study at any time if they so wished. 3)Data availability The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions. CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the conduct, analysis, authorship, or publication of this research study. No financial, professional, or personal relationships influenced the outcomes or interpretations presented herein. This study was carried out purely for academic and research purposes , following the ethical standards of the institution. Funding Statement: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. All resources used in the study were provided by the researcher’s affiliated institution. Author Contribution 1.Dr. Ambli V: Conceptualization, methodology design, data collection, statistical analysis, and manuscript preparation.2.Dr. Geeta Parwanda: provided academic supervision, critical feedback, and editorial revisions throughout the research process.All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Acknowledgment: The researcher expresses sincere gratitude to all participants, institutional authorities, and colleagues who supported the successful completion of this study. Special thanks are extended to the research guide and supervisor, whose guidance and encouragement contributed significantly to this work. References Thaddeus S, Maine D. Too Far to Walk: Maternal Mortality in Context. New York: Columbia University Center for Population and Family Health; 1990. World Health Organization: Care of Mother and Baby at the Health Centre: A Practical Guide. Geneva, WHO., 1994. 3. Herz B and Measham A: The Safe Motherhood Initiative: Proposal for Action. World Bank Discussion Papers No. 9, Washington, D.C., 1987. Armstrong S. Labour and Death. New Scientist, 50–55, March 30, 1990. Centers for Disease Control. Logistics Guidelines for Family Planning Programs. Atlanta, Georgia, Centers for Disease Control. Center for Health Promotion and Education, Division of Reproductive Health; 1987. John Snow, Inc. and the Centers for Disease Control. Family Planning Logistics Management Training Curriculum. Arlington, Virginia, Family Planning Logistics Management Project. John Snow, Inc.; 1990. Abdullah FG, Levin E, Better. Patient care through nursing research 9th edition. New York: Macmillian Publication; 2005. Basavanthappa BT. (2005), Nursing Research, 2nd edition, Bangalore: Jaypee Brothers publication. Burns N. (2004), Understanding nursing research, 3rd edition, Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company. Gupta SP. Statistical method 6th edition, New Delhi. Sultan Chand and Sons; 2004. Kathryn Antle Mary. (1990), Comprehensive Maternity Nursing, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Lippincott Company publications. Mahajan BK. (2010), Methods in biostatistics, 7th edition, Missouri: Jaypee brothers. Mudaliar and Menon. (2005), Clinical Obstetrics, 12th edition, Chennai, Orient Longman publication. Sharon Smith Murray. Foundations of Maternal and Newborn Nursing, 4thedition. Saunders; 2006. Varney K. (2005). Text book of Midwifery. 4th edition, New Delhi, All India Publishers and distributors. Abiola AH, Oke OA, Balogun MR, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of abortion among female students of two public senior secondary schools in Lagos Mainland local government area, Lagos state. Clin Sci. 2016;13(2):82. [Google Scholar]. https:// Kapil Ahmed M, Van Ginneken J, Razzaque A. Factors associated with adolescent abortion in a rural area of Bangladesh. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10(2):198–205. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]. Areemit R, Thinkhamrop J, Kosuwon P, et al. Adolescent pregnancy: Thailand’s national agenda. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012;95(Suppl 7):S134–42. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]. Aung EE, Liabsuetrakul T, Panichkriangkrai W, et al. Years of healthy life lost due to adverse pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers in Thailand. AIMS Public Health. 2018;5(4):463. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]. Correia DS, Cavalcante JC, Maia E. Induced abortion: risk factors for adolescent female students, a Brazilian study. Sci. World J. 2009;9:1374–81. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]. Sully E, Dibaba Y, Fetters T, et al. Playing it safe: legal and clandestine abortions among adolescents in Ethiopia. J Adolesc Health. 2018;62(6):729–36. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]. Safe Abortion care guideline. Abortion care guideline. [. May; 2023 ]. 2022. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240039483 Ghosh J. May;. Women’s rights to abortion in India: critical analysis. [ 2023 ]. 2020. https://www.jlsrjournal.in/womens-rights-to-abortion-in-india-critical-analysis-by-joyita-ghosh/ HRP Annual Report. 2016. Vol. 10. World Health Organisation; [ May; 2023 ]. 2017. HRP annual report 2016; p. 2023. [Google Scholar]. Unintended pregnancy and, Bearak J, Popinchalk A, Ganatra B, et al. abortion by income, region, and the legal status of abortion: estimates from a comprehensive model for 1990–2019. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8:1152–61. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]. Global, Ganatra B, Gerdts C, Rossier C, et al. Lancet. 2017;390:2372–81. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]. Abortion facts and Figs, PRB. 2021. [ May; 2023 ]; https://www.prb.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-safe-engage-abortion-facts-and-figures-media-guide.pdf . 2021 10:2023. [Google Scholar]. Global causes of, Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, et al. maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2:323–33. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]. https:// epicentre.msf.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/072023_ENG-KAPB_CAR_AMoCo%20Evidence%20 WHO. Abortion care guideline. World Health Organization (WHO). 2022. https://srhr.org/abortioncare/ Owolabi OO, Biddlecom A, Whitehead HS. Health systems’ capacity to provide post-abortion care: a multicountry analysis using signal functions. Lancet Global Health. 2019;7(1):e110–e118. View PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar. Alemayehu B, Addissie A, Ayele W, Tiroro S, Woldeyohannes D. Magnitude and associated factors of repeat induced abortion among reproductive age group women who seeks abortion Care Services at Marie Stopes International Ethiopia Clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Reprod Health. 2019;16(1):76. View PubMedGoogle Scholar. Mutihir JT, Ujah IOU. Experience with manual vacuum aspiration in Jos, Nigeria. Trop J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;21:100–2. Google Scholar. Physicians’. Code of Ethics Article, issued by Minister of Health Decree 238 for the year 2003, 5 September 2003, Article 29.Google Scholar. Egyptian Penal Law. (58) and by Articles 260, 261, 262 and 263 of the Penal Laws, 1937. Google Scholar. Jin Z. How do anti-abortion and abortion rights groups deploy ideas about islamic in their activism regarding abortion. J. Politics and Law. 2019;12:38. View Web of Science ®Google Scholar. Carole J. Abortion and medicine: a sociopolitical history. In: Paul M, Lichtenberg S, Borgatta L, Grimes D, Stubblefield P, Creinin D, editors 2009 Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy (1st ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, Ltd. ISBN 9781444312935. Google Scholar. Odeyowu OI. Contraceptive use, prevention of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion: the need for post abortion counseling. Women’s Health Forum. 2000;5:6–7. Google Scholar. UNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Family Planning. Research on Reproductive Health at WHO pushing the frontiers of knowledge. Biennial Report 2002–2003 Geneva, WHO. 2004. Tables Table: 1 Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic characteristics of the midwives in experimental and control group. N=60 Sr no. Demographic Variables Experimental group Control group Frequency (F) Percentage (%) Frequency (F) Percentage (%) 1. Age in year 25-30years 14 46.6 13 43.3 30-35 years 12 40 11 33.3 35-40 years 4 13.3 6 20 2. Education Qualification Diploma (GNM) 03 10% 05 16.6% Post Basic B.Sc. Nursing 9 30% 12 40% Degree (B.Sc. Nursing) 12 40% 10 33.3% M.Sc. Nursing In Obstetrics 6 20% 3 10% 3. Religion Hindu 16 53.3% 11 36.6% Christian 13 43.3% 12 40% Muslim 01 3.3% 05 6.6% Sikh 0 00% 0 00% 4. Year of Experience <5 14 46.6% 12 40% 5-10 6 20% 7 23.3% 11-15 8 26.6% 7 23.3% 16 ABOVE 2 6.6% 4 13..3% 5. Area of work O.T/ critical unit 10 33.33% 8 26.6% Antenatal ward/ Postnatal ward 6 20% 5 16.6% OPD /triage 6 20% 7 23.3% Labour room 8 26.6% 10 33.33% 6. Place of work Private Hospital 17 56.6 20 66.6 Government Hospital 0 0 0 0 Govt health care centre 13 43.3 10 33.3 Nursing homes 0 0 0 0 6. Attended any services education program attended regarding post abortion care Yes 10 33.3 8 26.6 No 20 66.6 22 73.3 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-8739410\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":611494079,\"identity\":\"1d6e3c05-73d5-4542-952c-e7e3959a4b91\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Cap.Prof.Dr.Geeta Parwanda\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA40lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBAYGOQYGHjYQm4doLcZQLQZEagGCxAaoFsJKzSVyH394uKM2ff6M3GMPfu75I8PA3vv4BT4tljPSzSQSzxzP3XAjL92w5xnQYTzHzSzwaTG4kcbGkNh2LHeDRI6ZBM8BoBaJNDa8zgNqYf4A1JIuPyPHTPIPkVoYJBLbahIYbuSYSUNtYX6AV8uZZ2xALQcMN5x5lyYtc8CYh43nGBs+HQwGx9OYP/5sq5OXb889JvnmgJw9P3sb8we8eiDgMIIJtIJNgggtdSg8omwZBaNgFIyCkQMA9MBFOFYcMMgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Swami Vivekanand Subharti University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Cap.Prof.Dr.Geeta\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Parwanda\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":611494080,\"identity\":\"31ebb961-5ee9-4bf2-919b-f34b3f399e1c\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Dr. Ambli VENUGOPAL\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Swami Vivekanand Subharti University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"Dr.\",\"firstName\":\"Ambli\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"VENUGOPAL\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":611494081,\"identity\":\"a54907a9-4e47-4d8e-9d56-6781711ab64c\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"yaping Dolo\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Swami Vivekanand Subharti University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"yaping\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Dolo\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2026-01-30 09:09:33\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8739410/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8739410/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":106501701,\"identity\":\"4ea062f2-9d1d-487f-9538-720c8f70b237\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2026-04-09 09:14:26\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":911401,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8739410/v1/437c7b06-c27f-4a32-b59a-ba41fa6f715c.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eSkill Competency Program on Post Abortion Care Among Midwives\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"INTRODUCTION\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eComprehensive postabortion care (PAC) services should encompass both medical management and preventive reproductive health care. The essential components of postabortion care include: (1) emergency treatment of incomplete abortion and other potentially life-threatening complications; (2) postabortion family planning counseling and provision of contraceptive services; and (3) effective linkages between emergency postabortion services and the broader reproductive health care system to ensure continuity of care. Emergency treatment is a fundamental component of all health systems, as at least 15% of recognized pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion (miscarriage). Therefore, the need for emergency postabortion care services exists in nearly all settings. However, the quality, accessibility, and availability of these services vary considerably across regions and health facilities.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eEmergency management of postabortion complications is frequently limited to secondary and tertiary care facilities located in urban centers. In many developing countries, inadequate transportation systems make these centralized services inaccessible to poor and rural women. As a result, even spontaneous abortion can become life-threatening due to delays in receiving timely care. Expanding access to emergency postabortion services requires decentralizing treatment to lower levels of the health system and strengthening the quality and scope of care at each level. These efforts should be supported by clearly defined service delivery protocols and comprehensive, systematic training of health care providers.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eEmergency treatment for postabortion complications includes:\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cul\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eInitial assessment to confirm the presence and severity of abortion-related complications\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eClear communication with the woman regarding her condition and the proposed treatment plan\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eMedical evaluation, including a brief history and focused physical and pelvic examination\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrompt referral and transfer if care required exceeds the facility\\u0026rsquo;s capacity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eStabilization of emergency conditions and management of complications present before, during, or after the procedure\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUterine evacuation to remove retained products of conception (POC)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ul\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe World Health Organization has identified prompt treatment of incomplete abortion as an essential component of basic obstetric care that should be available at every district-level hospital. Importantly, uncomplicated incomplete abortions can also be effectively managed at the primary care level or in family planning clinics through manual vacuum aspiration (MVA), thereby improving accessibility and reducing delays in care.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eOBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e1. To assess the level of knowledge on post abortion care among midwives\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e2. To assess the level of practice on post abortion care among midwives\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e3. To evaluate the effectiveness of skill competency program on post abortion care in experimental group as compare to control group\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"MATERIALS AND METHODS\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\\"Evaluative research approach was selected for the study. Quasi experimental, pre-test post-test research design was used in this study. The independent variable in the study was skill competency programme and dependent variable was knowledge and practice regarding skill competency on post abortion in midwives. The study was conducted in selected hospital Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, and Lokpriya hospital Meerut. For the study 60 Midwives (30 in experimental group and 30 in control group) were selected purposively as sample. The tool was used in this study was Structured Knowledge Questionnaire \\u0026amp; Practice Questionnaire and selected demographic variables. Data was collected by assess the knowledge and practice. The data collection will be analysis by descriptive and inferential statistics. \\u003cspan type=\\\"BoldUnderline\\\" class=\\\"BoldUnderline\\\" name=\\\"Emphasis\\\"\\u003eDescriptive statistics\\u003c/span\\u003e :demographic variable, effectiveness will be analysed using frequency percentage mean and standard deviation. \\u003cspan type=\\\"BoldUnderline\\\" class=\\\"BoldUnderline\\\" name=\\\"Emphasis\\\"\\u003eInferential statistics\\u003c/span\\u003e: Pre and post difference will be analysed by paired t-test within the group. Demographic variables and post level of effectiveness will be analysed suing chi-square test.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"RESULTS\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThe analysis is the categorizing, ordering, and summarizing of data, making sense of results, and examining the implication of finding in a broader context. Analysis and interpretation of data were based on the objectives of the study and the hypothesis to be tested.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eSECTION-1 FINDINGS RELATED TO PRE-TEST \\u0026 POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE IN CONTROL GROUP-\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eData represented in table depicted that in pre-tests of control group shows that 30(100%) samples were had poor knowledge and 0(0%) had in adequate average knowledge regarding post abortion care none of the staff nurse were had good level of knowledge in pre-test.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe post-test of control group shows that none of them had good knowledge, 30(30%) were had poor knowledge and 0(0%) had Average knowledge. Comparing the score there was no difference in pre-test and post- test knowledge score control group.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eFINDINGS RELATED TO PRE-TEST \\u0026 POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE IN EXPERIMENTAL GROUP-\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eData represented in table depicted that 10(33.3%) were midwives had level of poor knowledge in pre-test, 20(66.6%) were had average knowledge and non-have good knowledge regarding post abortion care in post- test 10(33.3%) were had good knowledge, 20(66.6%) were had Excellence knowledge and non-have Poor knowledge.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eSECTION-2 FINDINGS RELATED TO PRE-TEST \\u0026 POST- TEST LEVEL OF PRACTICE IN EXPERIMENTAL GROUP: -\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe pre \\u0026ndash;test Data represented majority of samples ,19 (63.3%) had Average practice score and 11(36.6%) of samples had poor practice score in the experimental group.The post \\u0026ndash;test Data represented majority of samples,24 (80%) had Average practice score and 6(20%) of samples had poor practice score in the experimental group.The result shows that there is significant change in the practice score in pre and post test in Experimental group.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eFINDINGS RELATED TO PRE-TEST \\u0026 POST- TEST LEVEL OF PRACTICE IN CONTROL GROUP: -\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe pre \\u0026ndash;test Data represented majority of samples, 22 (73.3%) had Average practice score and 8(26.6%) of samples had poor practice score in the control group. The post \\u0026ndash;test Data represented majority of samples, 23 (76.6%) had Average practice score and 7(23.3%) of samples had poor practice score in the control group. The result shows that there is not much difference in the practice score in pre and post test in Control group.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eSECTION.3- MEAN, MEAN DIFFERENCE, STANDARD DEVIATION OF DIFFERENCE, STANDARD ERROR OF MEAN DIFFERENCE AND \\u0026ldquo;T\\u0026rdquo; VALUE OF PRE-TEST AND POST-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORES OF EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS: -\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe table shows that the mean, mean difference and the standard deviation of pre-test and post-test of knowledge score in experimental group. The post -test mean of experimental group was 12.57 which was much higher than the pre-test of experimental group means 6.00. The standard error was 0.846 The calculated\\u0026rsquo; value was 7.75 (DF\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;29). Which was much higher than the tabulated\\u0026rsquo; i.e., 2.05 at 0.05 level of significance. also, the calculated \\u0026lsquo;p\\u0026rsquo;=0.08122 which was much lower than the acceptable level of significance i.e., \\u0026lsquo;p\\u0026rsquo;\\u0026lt;0.05.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eHence h\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003csub\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eo1\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/sub\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eis rejected and accepted h\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003csub\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e1\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/sub\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eand it is statistically interpreted that the management was highly effective in improving the knowledge on post abortion care.\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eMEAN, MEAN DIFFERENCE, STANDARD DEVIATION OF DIFFERENCE\\u003c/b\\u003e,\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec8\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eSTANDARD ERROR OF MEAN DIFFERENCE AND \\u0026ldquo;T\\u0026rdquo; VALUE OF PRE-TEST\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec9\\\" class=\\\"Section3\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eAND POST-TEST PRACTICE SCORES OF EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eData represents in table shows that the mean, mean difference and the standard deviation of pre-test and post-test of practice score in practice group. The post- test mean of practice group was 33.93 which was much higher than the pre-test of attitude group means 11.60. The standard error was 0.685. The calculated\\u0026rsquo; value was 32.585 (DF\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;29). Which was much higher than the tabulated\\u0026rsquo; 2.05 at 0.05 level of significance. also, the calculated \\u0026lsquo;p\\u0026rsquo;=0.009766 which was much lower than the acceptable level of significance \\u0026lsquo;p\\u0026rsquo;\\u0026lt;0.05. \\u003cb\\u003ehence h\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003csub\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003eo2\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/sub\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eis rejected and h\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003csub\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e2\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/sub\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eis accepted and it is statistically interpreted that the management was highly effective in improving the practice on post abortion care\\u003c/b\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThe researcher's conclusions were based on the objective of Do research was to examine and represent the knowledge and Practice of Midwives regarding skill competency on post abortion care. In the last, it was considered that midwives were having good knowledge and practice as compared to skill competency program. They know the part of the post abortion care or its application that is within their capability to practice.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec11\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eRECOMMENDATION:\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cul\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eA similar study can be replicated on large sample to generalize the findings.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eA study can be conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding management of post abortion care among staff nurses.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eA study can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of video assisting teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding management of post abortion care among the staff nurses in selected hospitals.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eA study can be conducted for long duration of intervention\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003c/ul\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Declarations\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv class=\\\"BlockQuote\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cb\\u003e1)Ethical Approval\\u003c/b\\u003e:\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e The research statement was approved by Ethical clearance was obtained from the University Ethical Committee concerned with particular settings from the Ethical Committee. We received ethical approval from Swami Vivekanand Subahrti University Research Ethics Committee \\u0026ndash; Medical (reference #SMC/UECM/2023/613/293). Administrative approval was obtained from the Office of Medical Superintendent Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Meerut.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e2) Consent to participate\\u003c/strong\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e Participants voluntarily gave written informed consent after explanations were provided regarding the purpose of the study, the data collection procedure and the rationale for participant selection. We allowed the participants to withdraw from the study at any time if they so wished.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e3)Data availability\\u003c/strong\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eCONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe authors declare that there is \\u003cb\\u003eno conflict of interest\\u003c/b\\u003e regarding the conduct, analysis, authorship, or publication of this research study. No financial, professional, or personal relationships influenced the outcomes or interpretations presented herein. This study was carried out purely for \\u003cb\\u003eacademic and research purposes\\u003c/b\\u003e, following the ethical standards of the institution.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eFunding Statement:\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. All resources used in the study were provided by the researcher\\u0026rsquo;s affiliated institution.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eAuthor Contribution\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e1.Dr. Ambli V: Conceptualization, methodology design, data collection, statistical analysis, and manuscript preparation.2.Dr. Geeta Parwanda: provided academic supervision, critical feedback, and editorial revisions throughout the research process.All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eAcknowledgment:\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe researcher expresses sincere gratitude to all participants, institutional authorities, and colleagues who supported the successful completion of this study. Special thanks are extended to the research guide and supervisor, whose guidance and encouragement contributed significantly to this work.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003col\\u003e\\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eThaddeus S, Maine D. Too Far to Walk: Maternal Mortality in Context. New York: Columbia University Center for Population and Family Health; 1990.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eWorld Health Organization: Care of Mother and Baby at the Health Centre: A Practical Guide. Geneva, WHO., 1994. 3. Herz B and Measham A: The Safe Motherhood Initiative: Proposal for Action. World Bank Discussion Papers No. 9, Washington, D.C., 1987.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eArmstrong S. Labour and Death. New Scientist, 50\\u0026ndash;55, March 30, 1990.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eCenters for Disease Control. Logistics Guidelines for Family Planning Programs. Atlanta, Georgia, Centers for Disease Control. Center for Health Promotion and Education, Division of Reproductive Health; 1987.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eJohn Snow, Inc. and the Centers for Disease Control. Family Planning Logistics Management Training Curriculum. Arlington, Virginia, Family Planning Logistics Management Project. John Snow, Inc.; 1990.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eAbdullah FG, Levin E, Better. Patient care through nursing research 9th edition. New York: Macmillian Publication; 2005.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eBasavanthappa BT. (2005), Nursing Research, 2nd edition, Bangalore: Jaypee Brothers publication.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eBurns N. (2004), Understanding nursing research, 3rd edition, Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eGupta SP. Statistical method 6th edition, New Delhi. Sultan Chand and Sons; 2004.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eKathryn Antle Mary. (1990), Comprehensive Maternity Nursing, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Lippincott Company publications.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eMahajan BK. (2010), Methods in biostatistics, 7th edition, Missouri: Jaypee brothers.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eMudaliar and Menon. (2005), Clinical Obstetrics, 12th edition, Chennai, Orient Longman publication.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eSharon Smith Murray. Foundations of Maternal and Newborn Nursing, 4thedition. Saunders; 2006.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eVarney K. (2005). Text book of Midwifery. 4th edition, New Delhi, All India Publishers and distributors.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eAbiola AH, Oke OA, Balogun MR, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of abortion among female students of two public senior secondary schools in Lagos Mainland local government area, Lagos state. Clin Sci. 2016;13(2):82. [Google Scholar].\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003ehttps://\\u003cspan class=\\\"ExternalRef\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\"RefSource\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan address=\\\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7888105/\\\" targettype=\\\"URL\\\" class=\\\"RefTarget\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eKapil Ahmed M, Van Ginneken J, Razzaque A. Factors associated with adolescent abortion in a rural area of Bangladesh. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10(2):198\\u0026ndash;205. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eAreemit R, Thinkhamrop J, Kosuwon P, et al. Adolescent pregnancy: Thailand\\u0026rsquo;s national agenda. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012;95(Suppl 7):S134\\u0026ndash;42. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eAung EE, Liabsuetrakul T, Panichkriangkrai W, et al. Years of healthy life lost due to adverse pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers in Thailand. AIMS Public Health. 2018;5(4):463. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eCorreia DS, Cavalcante JC, Maia E. Induced abortion: risk factors for adolescent female students, a Brazilian study. Sci. World J. 2009;9:1374\\u0026ndash;81. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eSully E, Dibaba Y, Fetters T, et al. Playing it safe: legal and clandestine abortions among adolescents in Ethiopia. J Adolesc Health. 2018;62(6):729\\u0026ndash;36. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eSafe Abortion care guideline. Abortion care guideline. [. May; 2023 ]. 2022. \\u003cspan class=\\\"ExternalRef\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\"RefSource\\\"\\u003ehttps://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240039483\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan address=\\\"https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240039483\\\" targettype=\\\"URL\\\" class=\\\"RefTarget\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eGhosh J. May;. Women\\u0026rsquo;s rights to abortion in India: critical analysis. [ 2023 ]. 2020. \\u003cspan class=\\\"ExternalRef\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\"RefSource\\\"\\u003ehttps://www.jlsrjournal.in/womens-rights-to-abortion-in-india-critical-analysis-by-joyita-ghosh/\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan address=\\\"https://www.jlsrjournal.in/womens-rights-to-abortion-in-india-critical-analysis-by-joyita-ghosh/\\\" targettype=\\\"URL\\\" class=\\\"RefTarget\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eHRP Annual Report. 2016. Vol. 10. World Health Organisation; [ May; 2023 ]. 2017. HRP annual report 2016; p. 2023. [Google Scholar].\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eUnintended pregnancy and, Bearak J, Popinchalk A, Ganatra B, et al. abortion by income, region, and the legal status of abortion: estimates from a comprehensive model for 1990\\u0026ndash;2019. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8:1152\\u0026ndash;61. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eGlobal, Ganatra B, Gerdts C, Rossier C, et al. Lancet. 2017;390:2372\\u0026ndash;81. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar].\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eAbortion facts and Figs, PRB. 2021. [ May; 2023 ];\\u003cspan class=\\\"ExternalRef\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\"RefSource\\\"\\u003ehttps://www.prb.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-safe-engage-abortion-facts-and-figures-media-guide.pdf\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan address=\\\"https://www.prb.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2021-safe-engage-abortion-facts-and-figures-media-guide.pdf\\\" targettype=\\\"URL\\\" class=\\\"RefTarget\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e. 2021 10:2023. [Google Scholar].\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eGlobal causes of, Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, et al. maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2:323\\u0026ndash;33. [PubMed] [Google Scholar].\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003ehttps://\\u003cspan class=\\\"ExternalRef\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\"RefSource\\\"\\u003eepicentre.msf.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/072023_ENG-KAPB_CAR_AMoCo%20Evidence%20\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan address=\\\"http://epicentre.msf.org/sites/default/files/2023-08/072023_ENG-KAPB_CAR_AMoCo%20Evidence%20\\\" targettype=\\\"URL\\\" class=\\\"RefTarget\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eWHO. Abortion care guideline. World Health Organization (WHO). 2022. \\u003cspan class=\\\"ExternalRef\\\"\\u003e\\u003cspan class=\\\"RefSource\\\"\\u003ehttps://srhr.org/abortioncare/\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003cspan address=\\\"https://srhr.org/abortioncare/\\\" targettype=\\\"URL\\\" class=\\\"RefTarget\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eOwolabi OO, Biddlecom A, Whitehead HS. Health systems\\u0026rsquo; capacity to provide post-abortion care: a multicountry analysis using signal functions. Lancet Global Health. 2019;7(1):e110\\u0026ndash;e118. View PubMed Web of Science \\u0026reg;Google Scholar.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eAlemayehu B, Addissie A, Ayele W, Tiroro S, Woldeyohannes D. Magnitude and associated factors of repeat induced abortion among reproductive age group women who seeks abortion Care Services at Marie Stopes International Ethiopia Clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Reprod Health. 2019;16(1):76. View PubMedGoogle Scholar.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eMutihir JT, Ujah IOU. Experience with manual vacuum aspiration in Jos, Nigeria. Trop J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;21:100\\u0026ndash;2. Google Scholar.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003ePhysicians\\u0026rsquo;. Code of Ethics Article, issued by Minister of Health Decree 238 for the year 2003, 5 September 2003, Article 29.Google Scholar.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eEgyptian Penal Law. (58) and by Articles 260, 261, 262 and 263 of the Penal Laws, 1937. Google Scholar.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eJin Z. How do anti-abortion and abortion rights groups deploy ideas about islamic in their activism regarding abortion. J. Politics and Law. 2019;12:38. View Web of Science \\u0026reg;Google Scholar.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eCarole J. Abortion and medicine: a sociopolitical history. In: Paul M, Lichtenberg S, Borgatta L, Grimes D, Stubblefield P, Creinin D, editors 2009 Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy (1st ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, Ltd. ISBN 9781444312935. Google Scholar.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eOdeyowu OI. Contraceptive use, prevention of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion: the need for post abortion counseling. Women\\u0026rsquo;s Health Forum. 2000;5:6\\u0026ndash;7. Google Scholar.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cspan\\u003eUNDP/UNFPA/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Family Planning. Research on Reproductive Health at WHO pushing the frontiers of knowledge. Biennial Report 2002\\u0026ndash;2003 Geneva, WHO. 2004.\\u003c/span\\u003e\\u003c/li\\u003e\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Tables\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eTable: 1 Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic characteristics of the midwives in experimental and control group. N=60\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"1\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" class=\\\"fr-table-selection-hover\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eSr\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eno.\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eDemographic Variables\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eExperimental group\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eControl group\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eFrequency\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e(F)\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003ePercentage\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;(%)\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eFrequency (F)\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e1.\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAge in year\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e25-30years\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e14\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e46.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e43.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e30-35 years\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e40\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e11\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e33.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e35-40 years\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e2.\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eEducation Qualification\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDiploma (GNM)\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e03\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e05\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e16.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePost Basic\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eB.Sc. Nursing\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e9\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e30%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e40%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDegree (B.Sc. Nursing)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e40%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e33.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eM.Sc. Nursing In Obstetrics \\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e3.\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eReligion\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHindu\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e16\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e53.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e11\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e36.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eChristian\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e43.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e40%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eMuslim\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e05\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSikh\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e00%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e00%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e4.\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eYear of Experience\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp; \\u0026lt;5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e14\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e46.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e40%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;5-10\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e23.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;11-15\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e26.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e23.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e16 ABOVE\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13..3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e5.\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eArea of work\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eO.T/ critical unit \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e33.33%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e26.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAntenatal ward/ Postnatal ward\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e16.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOPD /triage \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e23.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLabour room\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e26.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e33.33%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e6.\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003ePlace of work\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrivate Hospital \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e17\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e56.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e66.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGovernment Hospital\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGovt health care centre \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e43.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e33.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNursing homes \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp; \\u0026nbsp;\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e6.\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAttended any services education program attended regarding post abortion care\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e33.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e26.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e66.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e22\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e73.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"skill competency programme, knowledge and practice checklist, midwives\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8739410/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8739410/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eComprehensive postabortion care services should encompass both medical and preventive health care. To ensure the provision of health information and education, stabilization and referral, and uterine evacuation aimed at mitigating the risk of long-term illness, disability, and mortality among women experiencing complications from incomplete abortion, healthcare systems must deliver accessible, high-quality post-abortion care across all service levels.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eOBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To assess the knowledge and practice on post abortion care among midwives 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of skill competency program on post abortion care in experimental group as compare to control group 3. To\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026nbsp; find out the association between pretest knowledge and practice score with demographic variable in experimental and control group\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eMETHOD: A quasi-experimental study was done on 60 midwives in both experimental \\u0026amp; control group selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by using questionnaire related to post abortion care for knowledge \\u0026amp; practice checklist, pre-test \\u0026amp; post-test was taken from both experimental \\u0026amp; control group and skill competency programme was given only in experimental group. The data was descriptively summarized numerical data using the mean and the standard deviation and categorical data using frequency and percentages and performed bivariate analysis using χ2 test and determined factors associated with the outcome using analysis at a 5% level of statistical significance.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eRESULT: Findings revealed that by skill competency programme in experimental group improved the knowledge \\u0026amp; practice as compare to control group and there was partly significant association of pre-test score of knowledge in experimental group with demographic variable. But no association with control group\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eCONCLUSION: The study conclude that the skill competency programme is an effective mothed to improve the knowledge and practice among midwives in selected hospital of Meerut.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Skill Competency Program on Post Abortion Care Among Midwives\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2026-03-25 17:33:36\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8739410/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"762f7645-77d2-46cb-b541-c9dcf7613b95\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"March 25th, 2026\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2026-04-09T09:14:03+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2026-03-25 17:33:36\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-8739410\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-8739410\",\"identity\":\"rs-8739410\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}