{"paper_id":"253de88c-2795-4d57-933f-5525e1ff5cdd","body_text":"Women Economic Rights in the Face of Climate Change in Uganda; A Case of Central and Western Uganda | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Women Economic Rights in the Face of Climate Change in Uganda; A Case of Central and Western Uganda Comfort Hajra Mukasa, Rose Nyarotso Wamalwa, Rosemary Atieno, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5923767/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Women's economic rights are pivotal for achieving gender equality and sustainable development. Despite global advancements, women in developing countries, particularly in Uganda, continue to face significant hurdles due to socio-cultural norms, legal barriers, and more recently climate change. In Uganda, efforts have been made to enhance gender equality, but their impact is limited, especially in rural districts. This study focused on selected districts to evaluate the status of women's economic rights, exploring the challenges and facilitators within the context of climate change. Objective To assess the status of women’s economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts, identifying the barriers and facilitators affecting these rights, and evaluating the impact of climate change on their economic empowerment. Methods This study employed a cross-sectional mixed-method approach in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts of Uganda, among 291 grassroots women aged 18 years and above engaged in agriculture and other ventures. A digitized semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the variables and inferential statistics, to explore relationships between independent variables and women’s economic rights using Stata version 15 software. Qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically to provide insights into the contextual factors influencing women's economic rights. Results Of the 214 women in the study, 66.8% were aged 25–44, and 43% had attained secondary education. Nearly all (98.6%) engaged in income-generating activities, mainly farming (64%) and business/trade (26.5%). About 28.8% earned 300,000 Uganda shillings or more monthly, with 76.4% spending on school fees, 81.6% on health, and 50.5% on food. While 68.2% had access to land, only 33.6% legally owned it. Financial services were accessible to 86%, with 72.6% using loans and 40.2% having applied for one. Approximately 68% always participated in household income decisions. Close to half (47.7%) scored moderately on economic rights, and over 93% observed weather changes, such as decreased rainfall (69.9%) and increased droughts (63.8%), leading to reduced crop yields (76.8%) and crop damage (75.8%). Respondents adopted strategies like income diversification (42.6%), saving groups (31.6%), irrigation (30.6%), and crop diversification (29.2%). Women Economic rights Climate Change Adaptation Uganda Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction and background Women's economic rights are fundamental to achieving gender equality, social justice, and sustainable development (UN, 2014 , UN Women, 2024 ). Over the last 200 years, a historically unprecedented expansion of women’s rights has been witnessed especially in industrialized countries (Fernández, 2014 ). Women went from being the property of their husbands and/or their fathers, with very few rights, to possessing the same rights as men (Fernández, 2014 ). These rights encompass access to employment, ownership and control of resources, participation in economic decision-making, and the ability to benefit from economic opportunities. However, women in Low and Middle-income countries (LMICs) still face significant challenges. One in every 10 women is living in extreme poverty, and if current trends continue, by 2030, an estimated 8% of the world’s female population (342.4 million women and girls) will still be living on less than $ 2.15 a day, with most (220.9 million) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) (UN, 2023 , UN Women, 2024 ). Challenges in exercising economic rights among women are due to socio-cultural norms, legal barriers, limited access to resources, and now, the increasing impacts of climate change (UN Women, 2024 ). Uganda, like many other countries in SSA, has made significant strides in promoting gender equality and women's empowerment (World Bank, 2022 ). Various legal and policy frameworks have been put in place to ensure that women can exercise their economic rights, including the right to work, own property, access financial services, and participate in economic decision-making. For instance, the Uganda Constitution (1995) guarantees equality between men and women and prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender (Parliament of Uganda, 1995 ). Additionally, the Land Act (1998) provides for the protection of women's rights to land ownership and inheritance, although customary practices often limit the realization of these rights in rural areas (MLHUD, 1998 ). The National Gender Policy (2007) aims to mainstream gender concerns across all sectors, promoting equal opportunities for men and women in economic, social, and political spheres (MGLSD, 2007 ). Despite these frameworks, and the role played by several institutions, departments and organizations, both local and international, the realization of women's economic rights remains uneven, particularly in rural areas where traditional norms, poverty, and limited infrastructure often restrict women’s opportunities. Additionally, literature is limited on the status of women's economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts in Uganda, in the face of climate change impacts. Rural women in Uganda are primarily engaged in agriculture and agriculture-related entrepreneurship, which is not only the backbone of their livelihoods but also a sector highly vulnerable to climate change (UN Women, 2024 ). In districts like Gomba, and Butambala, changes in weather patterns, including erratic rainfall, prolonged droughts, and increasing temperatures, are already affecting agricultural productivity, and engagement in entrepreneurship (Mayanja et al., 2022 , Muhwezi, 2022 , IOM, 2022). These environmental changes threaten to undermine the economic rights of women by reducing their income, limiting their access to critical resources such as land and water, and exacerbating existing gender inequalities. Furthermore, socio-cultural norms in these districts often restrict women’s access to land and financial services, key resources necessary for economic empowerment. Women’s roles in decision-making, both at the household and community levels, are often limited, further constraining their ability to improve their economic standing. Despite these challenges, there are also facilitators that support women in realizing their economic rights, such as supportive family structures, membership in women’s groups, and access to education and training. This study aimed to assess the status of women's economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts in Uganda, with a particular focus on identifying how climate change exacerbates or mitigates these challenges. Methods and materials Study design and setting This was a cross-sectional study employing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Study area The study was conducted in central and western Uganda, particularly, Gomba, Butambala and Kabarole districts. Gomba District is located in the Central Region of Uganda and is predominantly rural, with agriculture being the main economic activity. Butambala District, also located in the Central Region of Uganda. It is one of Uganda’s smallest districts by area but is densely populated. Agriculture is the primary livelihood for the majority of the population, with key crops including coffee, bananas, and food crops like cassava and sweet potatoes. The district has a relatively high literacy rate compared to neighboring districts, but traditional gender roles still heavily influence the division of labor and access to resources. Kabarole District is situated in the Western Region of Uganda and is part of the Rwenzori sub-region. It is known for its diverse geography, including the Rwenzori Mountains, crater lakes, and rich volcanic soils that support a variety of crops. The district’s economy is primarily based on agriculture, with tea, coffee, and horticulture being major cash crops. Livestock farming, particularly dairy, also plays a significant role in the local economy. Kabarole has a relatively well-developed infrastructure compared to other rural districts, with better access to education, health services, and markets. Fort Portal, the main urban and administrative center of Kabarole district, is a key urban area in western Uganda. It was recently elevated to city status, reflecting its growing importance as a regional hub. Fort Portal is known for its cool climate, scenic landscapes, and proximity to tourist attractions such as the Rwenzori Mountains National Park and Kibale Forest. The town has a more diversified economy compared to the rural parts of Kabarole, with a mix of agriculture, tourism, and small-scale industries. Despite their agricultural potential, these districts face challenges such as poor infrastructure, limited access to markets, the changing weather patterns and underdeveloped social services, which impact the economic rights of women. Women in these areas often face barriers to land ownership and financial independence, which are exacerbated by cultural practices that favor male dominance in economic activities. Women in Fort Portal have relatively better access to economic opportunities, including education, employment, and entrepreneurship, compared to their rural counterparts. However, disparities still exist, especially in terms of land ownership and participation in high-value economic activities. Study population and eligibility criteria The study population comprised grass-roots women aged 18 years and above residing in the rural districts of Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole, including the urban area of Fort Portal. The women engaged in in agriculture and other ventures, including small-scale agriculture, businesses, those heading households, as well as members of women’s groups or cooperatives. The study also included young women and adolescents entering economic activities, with an emphasis on understanding their economic rights in both rural and urban contexts. Sample size and sampling The survey sample size was calculated using the Kish Leslie formula (Kish, 1965 ). The estimated conservative proportion of women whose economic rights are upheld was assumed to be 50% due to a lack of evidence. A z-score of 1.96 corresponding to the 95% confidence interval, and a precision of 10%, were used to obtain a sample size of 97 participants. This sample size was multiplied by 3 (districts) to obtain a total sample of 291 participants. However, at data collection, a non-response rate of 26.5% was observed, hence, the sample size came to 214 women. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) and 3 key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted in each study setting, making a total of 15 qualitative interviews. The FGDs were conducted among the women while KIIs were conducted with different leaders and stakeholders in women economic empowerment. This study used a stratified random sampling technique to ensure representative participation of women across Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts, including the urban area of Fort Portal. The total sample size was 215 women, with 71 women interviewed from Butambala, 70 from Fort portal and 73 from Gomba district, representing a response rate of 72.2%, 73.2% and 75.3% respectively. Each district was treated as a separate stratum. Within each stratum, a community with the highest number of women engaged in agriculture and other ventures were purposively selected, as guided by the district leadership. A list of eligible women in the selected community was then be compiled from community records, and the desired sample of women were selected randomly using a random number generator. This approach ensured that every eligible woman in the selected community within each district had an equal chance of being included in the study. Data collection Quantitative data collection A digitized structured questionnaire was administered to women in each district to assess their economic activities, access to resources, and perceptions of climate change impacts and facilitators and barriers to economic rights. Qualitative data collection KIIs with local leaders, agricultural officers, and women’s rights organizations to gain insights into the broader economic and environmental trends as well as environmental, social, legal, financial and technological barriers and facilitators to economic rights. FGDs with women’s groups to explore community-level impacts of climate change on economic rights as well as different concepts around economic rights. Study variables The main variable was women economic rights. This was a binary composite variable obtained by assessing key indicators including employment, access to land, financial services, and decision-making power. Each indicator was assessed as a composite variable and later made binary and scored as either 0 (right not upheld) or 1 (right upheld). Summing these scores for each respondent provided a total that reflects the extent to which their economic rights were upheld. A threshold was then established using the mean score. Those who scored above the mean were categorized as \"Rights Upheld\" (1) or \"Rights Not Upheld\" (0) for those below the mean. Other variables in this study included socio-demographic factors such as age, education level, marital status, and occupation. Additionally, the study considered the impact of climate change, assessed through observed changes in weather patterns and their effects on agricultural productivity and income-generating activities. Data management and analysis Data management for this study involved the systematic collection, organization, and storage of both quantitative and qualitative data using secure and standardized procedures. Quantitative data was entered using KOBO collect software set up on tablet phones, cleaned, and coded for analysis using STATA V15 statistical software. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the variables, while inferential statistics, including regression analysis, assessed the relationships between independent variables and women’s economic rights. Qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically using Atlas ti software. Ethical considerations This study adhered to the highest ethical standards to ensure the protection and dignity of all participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the Uganda Christian University Research Ethics Committee (UCU REC) prior to the commencement of data collection. Informed consent was obtained from all participants after providing them with detailed information about the study's purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. Confidentiality and privacy were strictly maintained and all data collected were anonymized to protect the identity of participants, and personal identifiers were removed from datasets. Data were securely stored in password-protected files, and access was limited to the research team only. The findings of the study were reported in aggregate form, ensuring that no individual participant can be identified. The research team worked closely with local leaders to ensure that the study is conducted in a manner that is respectful and appropriate. Any potential conflicts of interest were disclosed, and the research team remained transparent in all interactions with participants and stakeholders. Results 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of the study respondents A total of 214 women were engaged in the study, of whom, the majority 66.8% (n = 143) were aged between 25 to 44 years. About 65% (n = 138) were married, 43% (n = 92) had attained a secondary level education, and 54.2% (n = 116) lived in households of between 4–6 people, Table 1 . Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of women engaged in the study in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal Variable Category Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Location of residence Gomba 74 34.4 Butambala 71 33.0 Fort portal 70 32.6 Age Mean (SD) = 37.0 (11.40) 18–24 24 11.2 25–34 74 34.6 35–44 69 32.2 45–54 29 13.6 55+ 18 8.4 Marital status Single 14 6.5 Married 138 64.5 Widowed 21 9.8 Divorced/separated 41 19.2 Education level No formal education 10 4.7 Primary 90 42.2 Secondary 92 43.0 Tertiary/ vocational training 22 10.3 Household size Mean (SD) = 5.44 (2.29) 1–3 40 18.7 4–6 116 54.2 7–9 58 27.1 1. The current status of women’s economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts. 1.1 The right to work, engage economic activities, earn and spend income Almost all, 98.6% (n = 211) of the women mentioned that they engage in income generating activities in their localities. About 98% (n = 210) stated that they currently engage in income generating activities and the most mentioned main occupations were farming at 64% (n = 135) and business/trade at 26.5% (n = 56), Table 2 . Table 2 Engagement in income generating activities and main occupations for the women in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal Variable Category Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Exercises the right to work No 3 1.4 Yes 211 98.6 Currently engage in income generating activities No 4 1.9 Yes 210 98.1 Main occupation Farming 135 64.0 Salaried employment 13 6.2 Business/trade 56 26.5 Housewife 6 2.8 Other 1 0.5 Types of income-generating activities engaged in by the women Agriculture, including crop growing (72.1%) and livestock farming (51.6%) and trading/small businesses (47.9%) were the most mentioned as the main income generating activities the women in the study. Figure 1 . Women’s monthly income, expenditures and savings Overall, 28.8% (n = 62) had a monthly income of 300,000 Uganda shillings or more, 76.4% (n = 162) spent on children’s school fees, 81.6% (n = 173) spent on health and 50.5% (n = 107) spent on food. More than three quarters, 83.6% (n = 179) had monthly savings of 100,000 Uganda shillings or less, Table 3 . Table 3 Monthly income, expenditure items and monthly savings among the women in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal Variable Category Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Monthly income ≤ 100,000 52 24.2 100,001-200,000 49 22.8 200,001-300,00 52 24.2 300,001+ 62 28.8 Items often spent on by the women School fees 162 76.4 Health 173 81.6 Food 107 50.5 Housing/rent 47 22.2 Investment 87 41.0 Fashion 33 15.6 Buying assets 50 23.6 Monthly savings ≤ 100,000 179 83.6 100,001-200,000 24 11.2 200,001-300,00 7 3.3 300,001+ 4 1.9 1.2 The right to access resources Slightly more than two-thirds, 68.2% (n = 146) had access to land, 62.6% (n = 134) had access to livestock and similarly farming tools, 52.2% (n = 112) had access to markets while 31.3% (n = 67) had access to training/education opportunities. Figure 3. Women who can own/inherit property or have legal ownership of land About 90% (n = 193) of the women mentioned that they can own, inherit and manage property on their own and 33.6% (n = 72) legally own land while 16.4% (n = 35) own land but with no land title, Table 4 . Table 4 Women who can own/inherit property and have legal ownership of land in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal Variable Category Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Can own, inherit and manage property No 21 9.8 Yes 193 90.2 Have legal ownership of land No 107 50.0 Yes, legally 72 33.6 Yes but no land title 35 16.4 1.3 Right to access financial services About 86% (n = 184) mentioned that they have access to financial services, 72.6% (n = 148) could access loans from savings groups including SACCOs, 40.2% (n = 86) had ever applied for a loan and 90.7% (n = 78) of them got the loan. The majority 64.1% (n = 50) got the loan for agricultural inputs, and 46.2% (n = 36) got the loan for starting up/expanding their businesses or children’s education. Table 5 . Table 5 Access to financial services among the women in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal Variable Category Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Have access to financial services such as banks, mobile money No 29 13.6 Yes 184 86.4 Where you can access loans Commercial banks 20 9.8 Loan apps 1 0.5 Microfinance institution 3 1.5 Mobile money services 23 11.3 Savings group e.g., SACCO 148 72.6 Others 9 4.4 Ever applied for a loan No 128 59.8 Yes 86 40.2 Got the loan No 8 9.3 Yes 78 90.7 Purpose of the loan Agricultural inputs 50 64.1 Starting/expanding business 36 46.2 Children’s education 36 46.2 Healthcare 2 2.6 Household expenses 7 9.0 Assets 4 5.1 Other 1 1.3. Ever been denied a loan Yes 19 11.0 No 154 89.0 1.4 The right to make decisions Slightly more than two-thirds, 67.8% (n = 145) individually or jointly make decisions about use of household income always, 62.6% (n = 134) always make decisions about purchase of major assets, 64.9% (n = 134) about children’s education and 78.2% (n = 165) about agriculture related activities. Table 6 . Table 6 Decision making related to household income, assets, children’s education and agriculture among the women in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal Variable Category Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Individually/ jointly make decisions about use of household income Always 145 67.8 Often 40 18.7 Sometimes 22 10.3 Rarely 3 1.4 Never 4 1.9 Individually/ jointly make decisions about purchase of major assets Always 134 62.6 Often 39 18.2 Sometimes 28 13.1 Rarely 6 2.8 Never 7 3.3 Individually/ jointly make decisions about children’s education Always 135 64.9 Often 38 18.3 Sometimes 23 11.1 Rarely 4 1.9 Never 8 3.9 Individually/ jointly make decisions about agricultural related decisions Always 165 78.2 Often 23 10.9 Sometimes 18 8.5 Rarely 1 0.5 Never 4 1.9 1.5 Overall economic rights Almost all, 98.1% (n = 210) of the respondents scored highly for the right to work, engage economic activities, earn and spend income, slightly more than half, 56.5% (n = 121) scored low for the right to access resources and similarly 59.8% (n = 128) scored low for the right to access financial services. About 62% (n = 132) scored high for the right to make decisions while 47.7% scored moderately for the overall economic rights of women. Table 7 . Table 7 Scores for the economic rights of women in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal Variable Category Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Score for the right to work, engage economic activities, earn and spend income Low score 4 1.9 High score 210 98.1 Score for the right to access resources Low score 121 56.5 High score 93 43.5 Score for the right to access financial services Low score 128 59.8 High score 86 40.2 Score for the right to make decisions Low score 82 38.3 High score 132 61.6 Overall score for economic rights of women Mean(SD) = 26.90(5.15) Low score 64 29.9 Moderate score 102 47.7 High score 48 22.4 2. Climate-related weather events and effects on economic rights in the study areas Over 93% (n = 199) respondents mentioned that they noticed changes in weather patterns in their area, with the most observed changes being decreased rainfall 69.9% (n = 139) and more frequent dry spells/drought 63.8% (n = 127). Some of the most expressed effects of the observed weather changes included reduced crop yields 76.8% (n = 146), and increased crop damage 75.8% (n = 144). Additionally, 52.9% (n = 111) mentioned that changes in weather patterns affected their ability to access and control resources while 53.1% (n = 112) affirmed that the changes have made it harder for the women to exercise economic rights. Table 8 . Table 8 Climate change and women’s economic rights across the three districts, Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole Variable Category Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Noticed changes in weather patterns in your area No 15 7.0 Yes 199 93.0 Changes observed Decreased rainfall 139 69.9 Increased rainfall 66 33.2 More frequent dry spells/drought 127 63.8 More frequent floods 4 2.0 Increased temperatures 79 39.7 Other 2 1.0 Effect of the experienced weather events Reduced crop yield 146 76.8 Increased crop damage 144 75.8 Loss of livestock 33 17.4 Increased cost of agricultural inputs 23 12.1 Difficulty accessing markets 29 15.3 Increased in accessing water sources 11 5.8 Destroyed gardens 73 38.4 Delays in making entrepreneurial products 25 13.2 Changes in weather patterns affected your ability to access and control resources No 99 47.1 Yes 111 52.9 Changes have made it harder to exercise economic rights No 75 35.6 Not sure 24 11.4 Yes 112 53.1 Qualitatively, the respondents further expressed how the changes in weather patterns/climate change affects their economic rights, pointing out issues of access to water, effect on crops and yield, livestock, markets and income, effects on access to resources and credit and delays in production of products. Impact on water access A recurring challenge highlighted by respondents is the difficulty in accessing water during drought seasons, which negatively impacts domestic use, farming, and livestock. This lack of access to water for irrigation is particularly detrimental to crop production, further threatening livelihoods in rural areas. \"It has become increasingly difficult to access water for domestic use, farming, and livestock during drought seasons.\" (KII, Male, Gomba district) \"Water for irrigation is hard to access during dry seasons, which significantly affects crop production.\" (IDI, female, Butambala) Effect on crop yields Respondents reported that changes in weather patterns, including prolonged droughts and erratic rains, have significantly reduced crop yields. This has not only destroyed staple crops such as maize and peas but also left many unable to meet basic needs or support their families due to low harvests and reduced production. \"Changes in weather patterns have drastically reduced crop yields, leaving me unable to meet my basic needs.\" (IDI, Female, Gomba) \"Prolonged droughts and erratic rains destroy crops such as maize, peas, and other staple foods, reducing production.\" (KII, Female, Kabarole) \"The drought dries out my crops, leading to low harvests and making it difficult to support my family.\" (IDI, Female, Butambala) Effect on livestock Participants highlighted the severe impact of water shortages on livestock, with poor grazing conditions and lack of water leading to the death of animals. This not only causes significant economic losses but also disrupts income and food supply for affected households. \"The death of livestock due to water shortages and poor grazing conditions causes significant economic losses.\" (KII, Male, Gomba) \"Without water for livestock, animals fall sick or die, which disrupts my income and food supply.\" (IDI, Female, Butambala) Impact on markets and income Respondents emphasized that reduced crop yields and unpredictable weather patterns destabilize market prices, making it difficult to earn a stable income. Heavy rains and droughts delay production, limit customer purchases, and reduce farmers' earnings, further impacting savings and access to financial resources such as SACCOS. \"Reduced crop yields destabilize market prices, making it hard for me to sell and earn a stable income.\" (IDI, Female, Gomba) \"Heavy rains and droughts delay production and limit customers’ ability to purchase my products at the market.\" (IDI, Female, Butambala) \"Low crop yields mean farmers have less money, reducing my sales and ability to save in local SACCOS.\" (IDI, Female, Gomba) Barriers to resources and credit Participants reported that unfavourable weather conditions and reduced harvests significantly limit their savings, making it challenging to access larger credit amounts needed to boost their businesses. Spoiled crops further reduce income, hindering their ability to save and secure financial loans. \"Limited savings from reduced harvests make it difficult to access larger credit amounts to boost my business.\" (KII, Female, Kabarole) \"Unfavourable weather spoils crops, affecting my income and limiting my ability to save and access loans.\" (IDI, Female, Gomba) Delays in production Respondents consistently highlighted that unfavourable weather conditions and reduced harvests diminish their financial stability. This limits their savings, restricts access to larger credit facilities, and negatively impacts their ability to invest in and grow their businesses, further exacerbating economic hardships. \"Erratic weather patterns delay farming seasons, making it difficult to plant, harvest, or produce on time.\" (IDI, Female, Butambala) \"Unpredictable rains and droughts disrupt my farming activities, delaying production and reducing overall efficiency.\" (KII, Male, Butambala) 3. Adaptation strategies adopted by the women and support in realizing their economic rights The majority of the respondents mentioned diversification of income sources 42.6% (n = 89), formation of saving groups 31.6% (n = 66), irrigation 30.6% (n = 64) and diversification of crops 29.2% (61). Additionally, Supportive family members 58.4% (n = 125), Membership in women’s groups/cooperatives 66.4% (n = 142), access to education/training 48.6% (n = 104) and access to financial services 45.3% (n = 97) helped women to exercise economic rights. Table 9 . Table 9 Adaptation strategies adopted by the women and support in realizing their economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole Variable Category Frequency (n) Percentage (%) Strategies adopted to cope Diversification of crops 61 29.2 Adoption of drought-resistant crops 34 16.3 Irrigation 64 30.6 Migration to other areas 3 1.4 Formation of savings groups 66 31.6 Diversification of income sources 89 42.6 Eco-friendly entrepreneurship 45 21.5 Other 36 17.2 Factors that have helped women to exercise economic rights Supportive family members 125 58.4 Access to education/training 104 48.6 Membership in women’s groups/cooperatives 142 66.4 Access to financial services 97 45.3 Ownership of land or property 35 16.4 Supportive government policies 18 8.4 Community support 59 27.6 Access to markets 59 27.6 Other 2 0.9 Duration in a women’s group 1 year or less 104 52.3 More than 1 year 95 47.7 Believe government programs in the district have been supportive to women economic rights No 67 31.3 Yes 147 68.7 Discussions This study aimed to assess the status of women's economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts in Uganda. Key findings show that almost all, 98.1% of the respondents scored highly for the right to work, engage economic activities, earn and spend income, slightly more than half, (56.5%) scored low for the right to access resources and similarly (59.8%) scored low for the right to access financial services. About 62% scored high for the right to make decisions. Overall, close to half, (47.7%) of the respondents scored moderately for the overall economic rights of women. Over 93% (n = 199) noticed changes in weather patterns in their area, including decreased rainfall 69.9% and more frequent dry spells/drought 63.8%. Resultant effects included reduced crop yields 76.8%, and increased crop damage 75.8%. The majority of the respondents adopted diversification of income sources (42.6%), formation of saving groups (31.6%), irrigation (30.6%) and diversification of crops (29.2%). The high score for the right to work and engage in economic activities reflects global trends where women in rural settings increasingly participate in income-generating activities to support their households (Laurent and Mushi, 2024 , Sangwan et al., 2024). However, the low scores on resource and financial service access align with findings from other studies, which highlight persistent barriers such as gender biases in resource allocation and limited financial literacy among women (Yoganandham et al., 2024 , Ajiva et al., 2024). Similar studies have also documented that rural women face restricted access to credit and financial services (Fletschner and Kenney, 2014 , Kulkarni and Ghosh, 2021 ), which hinders their ability to invest in resilience-building activities like irrigation or improved farming techniques. The widespread observation of changing weather patterns aligns with global evidence of the disproportionate impact of climate change on rural women, particularly in agrarian communities where livelihoods depend on rainfall patterns (UN, 2022 ). The adoption of strategies like savings groups and crop diversification aligns with evidence from resource-constrained settings, where collective and low-cost adaptation measures are often the most viable options. The findings reinforce the intersectionality of gender, economic rights, and climate change resilience. The low scores in resource and financial access highlight structural inequalities that constrain women’s ability to fully participate in decision-making and economic activities. The relatively high score for decision-making rights suggests a degree of agency, but the limited access to resources and finances undermines the extent to which women can exercise this agency effectively. The results align with frameworks such as the social determinants of health, which emphasize the interconnectedness of socio-economic rights and overall well-being, as well as gender-transformative approaches that highlight the importance of addressing structural barriers to achieve equity. These findings highlight the need for interventions targeting resource access and financial inclusion to strengthen women’s economic rights. Policies promoting equitable land ownership and access to credit are essential to enable women to invest in climate-resilient practices such as irrigation and crop diversification. Programs that support financial literacy and establish accessible microfinance institutions could empower women to make informed financial decisions. Community-based savings groups, already adopted by 31.6% of respondents, could be expanded to enhance financial resilience collectively. Additionally, the significant impact of climate change on crop yields and damage necessitates the integration of climate-smart agricultural practices into rural development programs, such as promoting drought-resistant crops and efficient water management techniques. Strengths and limitations of the Study The study provides valuable insights into the interconnected challenges of economic rights and climate change for rural women. The comprehensive approach, combining economic and environmental factors, offers a nuanced understanding of the barriers women face and the strategies they adopt in response. The study's reliance on self-reported data introduces potential bias, such as recall bias or social desirability bias. Additionally, the cross-sectional design limits the ability to establish causality between limited economic rights and adaptive capacities. Future studies should explore the long-term impacts of improving financial and resource access on women’s adaptive capacities and overall economic rights. Longitudinal studies could assess how adaptive strategies like income diversification and savings groups evolve over time and their effectiveness in building resilience to climate change. Conclusions The findings highlight both the strengths and gaps in women’s economic rights, and emphasizee the critical need for policies and programs that enhance access to resources and financial services. Addressing these barriers would enable rural women to fully realize their decision-making rights and adopt effective strategies for climate resilience. Investments in financial inclusion, equitable resource distribution, and climate-smart agricultural practices are essential to empower women and ensure sustainable livelihoods in the face of changing weather patterns. Declarations Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest Authors' contributions All authors conceptualized the study. CHM, AT and GB participated in data collection, and drafted the first manuscript, CHM, GB, AT, RA, RWN, EM, and SD reviewed the first manuscript draft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding This research was made possible through funding support of the Forum for Women and Development (FOKUS) in partnership with the sisters of Joseph and Climate Justice Resilience. The information provided does not necessarily reflect the views of the funders. References AJIVA, O. A., EJIKE, O. G. & ABHULIMEN, A. O. 2024. Empowering female entrepreneurs in the creative sector: Overcoming barriers and strategies for long-term success. Int. J. Adv. Econ, 6 , 424-436. FERNÁNDEZ, R. 2014. Women’s rights and development. Journal of Economic Growth, 19 , 37-80. FLETSCHNER, D. & KENNEY, L. 2014. Rural women’s access to financial services: credit, savings, and insurance , Springer. IOM. 2022. Assessing The Evidence Migration, Environment & Climate Change Nexus in Uganda [Online]. Available: https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1411/files/documents/assessing-the-evidence-migration-environment-climate-change-nexus-in-uganda.pdf [Accessed 23rd/05 2024]. KISH, L. 1965. Sampling organizations and groups of unequal sizes. American sociological review , 564-572. KULKARNI, L. & GHOSH, A. 2021. Gender disparity in the digitalization of financial services: challenges and promises for women's financial inclusion in India. Gender, Technology and Development, 25 , 233-250. LAURENT, M. & MUSHI, B. 2024. Drivers of Rural Women Participation in Income Generating Activities in Mufindi District-Iringa. NG Journal of Social Development, 15 , 72-86. MAYANJA, M. N., MORTON, J., BUGEZA, J. & RUBAIRE, A. 2022. Livelihood profiles and adaptive capacity to manage food insecurity in pastoral communities in the central cattle corridor of Uganda. Scientific African, 16 , e01163. MGLSD. 2007. The Uganda Gender Policy (2007) [Online]. Available: https://www.rodra.co.za/images/countries/uganda/policy/The%20Uganda%20Gender%20Policy%202007.pdf [Accessed 2nd/09 2024]. MLHUD. 1998. Chapter 227, the land act, 1998 [Online]. Available: https://mlhud.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Land-Act-1998-as-amended-CAP-227.pdf [Accessed 2nd/09 2024]. MUHWEZI, C. 2022. Cattle corridor wakes up to climate change [Online]. Available: https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/cattle-corridor-wakes-up-to-climate-change-3920088 [Accessed 2nd/09 2024]. PARLIAMENT OF UGANDA. 1995. Constitution [Online]. Available: https://www.parliament.go.ug/documents/1240/constitution [Accessed 2nd/09 2024]. SANGWAN, N., NANDA, S., CHAUHAN, P. K. & RANI, P. 2024. Transforming Household Economies: Empowering Rural Women and Shaping the Dynamics of Traditional Economic Activities. SPAST Reports, 1. UN. 2014. Economic Empowerment [Online]. Available: https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/economic-empowerment#:~:text=Investing%20in%20women's%20economic%20empowerment,unpaid%20care%20work%20at%20home. [Accessed 2nd/September 2024]. UN. 2022. Why Climate Change Impacts Women Differently Than Men [Online]. UN. Available: https://unfccc.int/news/new-report-why-climate-change-impacts-women-differently-than-men [Accessed 27/01 2025]. UN. 2023. Progress on the sustainable development goals- The Gender Snapshot [Online]. Available: https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/progress-on-the-sustainable-development-goals-the-gender-snapshot-2023-en.pdf [Accessed 2nd/Sept 2024]. UN WOMEN. 2024. Facts and figures: Economic empowerment [Online]. Available: https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/economic-empowerment/facts-and-figures [Accessed 2nd/09 2024]. WORLD BANK. 2022. Strengthening Uganda’s Economic Growth with Support to Women Entrepreneurs [Online]. Available: https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/strengthening-ugandas-economic-growth-support-women-entrepreneurs [Accessed 2nd/09 2024]. YOGANANDHAM, G., VARALAKSHMI, M. D. & KALAIVANI, M. M. 2024. Unlocking Potential: Enhancing Women's Empowerment through Financial Inclusion in Northwestern India. Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology, 45 , 2024. Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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1\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":24930,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eIncome generating activities mentioned by the women\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5923767/v1/d2cbee043aef20cf1564b6f4.png\"},{\"id\":75090335,\"identity\":\"d4f42b41-5b81-4951-b7b2-1bb33abc9e81\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-01-30 10:41:25\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":2,\"title\":\"Figure 2\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":13646,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAccess to different resources\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5923767/v1/0a1b504168591709c524a547.png\"},{\"id\":75090460,\"identity\":\"02258759-2627-4c03-b098-0063f88037dd\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-01-30 10:49:25\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":1507987,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5923767/v1/fa54431e-c158-47ee-b60f-d836cf4f3b47.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"The authors declare no competing interests.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eWomen Economic Rights in the Face of Climate Change in Uganda; A Case of Central and Western Uganda\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"Introduction and background\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eWomen's economic rights are fundamental to achieving gender equality, social justice, and sustainable development (UN, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR14\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2014\\u003c/span\\u003e, UN Women, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR17\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2024\\u003c/span\\u003e). Over the last 200 years, a historically unprecedented expansion of women\\u0026rsquo;s rights has been witnessed especially in industrialized countries (Fern\\u0026aacute;ndez, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR2\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2014\\u003c/span\\u003e). Women went from being the property of their husbands and/or their fathers, with very few rights, to possessing the same rights as men (Fern\\u0026aacute;ndez, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR2\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2014\\u003c/span\\u003e). These rights encompass access to employment, ownership and control of resources, participation in economic decision-making, and the ability to benefit from economic opportunities. However, women in Low and Middle-income countries (LMICs) still face significant challenges. One in every 10 women is living in extreme poverty, and if current trends continue, by 2030, an estimated 8% of the world\\u0026rsquo;s female population (342.4\\u0026nbsp;million women and girls) will still be living on less than \\u003cspan\\u003e$\\u003c/span\\u003e2.15 a day, with most (220.9\\u0026nbsp;million) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) (UN, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR16\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2023\\u003c/span\\u003e, UN Women, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR17\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2024\\u003c/span\\u003e). Challenges in exercising economic rights among women are due to socio-cultural norms, legal barriers, limited access to resources, and now, the increasing impacts of climate change (UN Women, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR17\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2024\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eUganda, like many other countries in SSA, has made significant strides in promoting gender equality and women's empowerment (World Bank, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR18\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2022\\u003c/span\\u003e). Various legal and policy frameworks have been put in place to ensure that women can exercise their economic rights, including the right to work, own property, access financial services, and participate in economic decision-making. For instance, the Uganda Constitution (1995) guarantees equality between men and women and prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender (Parliament of Uganda, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR12\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1995\\u003c/span\\u003e). Additionally, the Land Act (1998) provides for the protection of women's rights to land ownership and inheritance, although customary practices often limit the realization of these rights in rural areas (MLHUD, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR10\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1998\\u003c/span\\u003e). The National Gender Policy (2007) aims to mainstream gender concerns across all sectors, promoting equal opportunities for men and women in economic, social, and political spheres (MGLSD, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR9\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2007\\u003c/span\\u003e). Despite these frameworks, and the role played by several institutions, departments and organizations, both local and international, the realization of women's economic rights remains uneven, particularly in rural areas where traditional norms, poverty, and limited infrastructure often restrict women\\u0026rsquo;s opportunities. Additionally, literature is limited on the status of women's economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts in Uganda, in the face of climate change impacts.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRural women in Uganda are primarily engaged in agriculture and agriculture-related entrepreneurship, which is not only the backbone of their livelihoods but also a sector highly vulnerable to climate change (UN Women, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR17\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2024\\u003c/span\\u003e). In districts like Gomba, and Butambala, changes in weather patterns, including erratic rainfall, prolonged droughts, and increasing temperatures, are already affecting agricultural productivity, and engagement in entrepreneurship (Mayanja et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR8\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2022\\u003c/span\\u003e, Muhwezi, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR11\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2022\\u003c/span\\u003e, IOM, 2022). These environmental changes threaten to undermine the economic rights of women by reducing their income, limiting their access to critical resources such as land and water, and exacerbating existing gender inequalities. Furthermore, socio-cultural norms in these districts often restrict women\\u0026rsquo;s access to land and financial services, key resources necessary for economic empowerment. Women\\u0026rsquo;s roles in decision-making, both at the household and community levels, are often limited, further constraining their ability to improve their economic standing. Despite these challenges, there are also facilitators that support women in realizing their economic rights, such as supportive family structures, membership in women\\u0026rsquo;s groups, and access to education and training. This study aimed to assess the status of women's economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts in Uganda, with a particular focus on identifying how climate change exacerbates or mitigates these challenges.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Methods and materials\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eStudy design and setting\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThis was a cross-sectional study employing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eStudy area\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe study was conducted in central and western Uganda, particularly, Gomba, Butambala and Kabarole districts. Gomba District is located in the Central Region of Uganda and is predominantly rural, with agriculture being the main economic activity. Butambala District, also located in the Central Region of Uganda. It is one of Uganda\\u0026rsquo;s smallest districts by area but is densely populated. Agriculture is the primary livelihood for the majority of the population, with key crops including coffee, bananas, and food crops like cassava and sweet potatoes. The district has a relatively high literacy rate compared to neighboring districts, but traditional gender roles still heavily influence the division of labor and access to resources. Kabarole District is situated in the Western Region of Uganda and is part of the Rwenzori sub-region. It is known for its diverse geography, including the Rwenzori Mountains, crater lakes, and rich volcanic soils that support a variety of crops. The district\\u0026rsquo;s economy is primarily based on agriculture, with tea, coffee, and horticulture being major cash crops. Livestock farming, particularly dairy, also plays a significant role in the local economy. Kabarole has a relatively well-developed infrastructure compared to other rural districts, with better access to education, health services, and markets. Fort Portal, the main urban and administrative center of Kabarole district, is a key urban area in western Uganda. It was recently elevated to city status, reflecting its growing importance as a regional hub. Fort Portal is known for its cool climate, scenic landscapes, and proximity to tourist attractions such as the Rwenzori Mountains National Park and Kibale Forest. The town has a more diversified economy compared to the rural parts of Kabarole, with a mix of agriculture, tourism, and small-scale industries.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDespite their agricultural potential, these districts face challenges such as poor infrastructure, limited access to markets, the changing weather patterns and underdeveloped social services, which impact the economic rights of women. Women in these areas often face barriers to land ownership and financial independence, which are exacerbated by cultural practices that favor male dominance in economic activities. Women in Fort Portal have relatively better access to economic opportunities, including education, employment, and entrepreneurship, compared to their rural counterparts. However, disparities still exist, especially in terms of land ownership and participation in high-value economic activities.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eStudy population and eligibility criteria\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe study population comprised grass-roots women aged 18 years and above residing in the rural districts of Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole, including the urban area of Fort Portal. The women engaged in in agriculture and other ventures, including small-scale agriculture, businesses, those heading households, as well as members of women\\u0026rsquo;s groups or cooperatives. The study also included young women and adolescents entering economic activities, with an emphasis on understanding their economic rights in both rural and urban contexts.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eSample size and sampling\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe survey sample size was calculated using the Kish Leslie formula (Kish, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR5\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e1965\\u003c/span\\u003e). The estimated conservative proportion of women whose economic rights are upheld was assumed to be 50% due to a lack of evidence. A z-score of 1.96 corresponding to the 95% confidence interval, and a precision of 10%, were used to obtain a sample size of 97 participants. This sample size was multiplied by 3 (districts) to obtain a total sample of 291 participants. However, at data collection, a non-response rate of 26.5% was observed, hence, the sample size came to 214 women. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) and 3 key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted in each study setting, making a total of 15 qualitative interviews. The FGDs were conducted among the women while KIIs were conducted with different leaders and stakeholders in women economic empowerment.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThis study used a stratified random sampling technique to ensure representative participation of women across Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts, including the urban area of Fort Portal. The total sample size was 215 women, with 71 women interviewed from Butambala, 70 from Fort portal and 73 from Gomba district, representing a response rate of 72.2%, 73.2% and 75.3% respectively. Each district was treated as a separate stratum. Within each stratum, a community with the highest number of women engaged in agriculture and other ventures were purposively selected, as guided by the district leadership. A list of eligible women in the selected community was then be compiled from community records, and the desired sample of women were selected randomly using a random number generator. This approach ensured that every eligible woman in the selected community within each district had an equal chance of being included in the study.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eData collection\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003eQuantitative data collection\\u003c/strong\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eA digitized structured questionnaire was administered to women in each district to assess their economic activities, access to resources, and perceptions of climate change impacts and facilitators and barriers to economic rights.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003eQualitative data collection\\u003c/strong\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eKIIs with local leaders, agricultural officers, and women\\u0026rsquo;s rights organizations to gain insights into the broader economic and environmental trends as well as environmental, social, legal, financial and technological barriers and facilitators to economic rights. FGDs with women\\u0026rsquo;s groups to explore community-level impacts of climate change on economic rights as well as different concepts around economic rights.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eStudy variables\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe main variable was women economic rights. This was a binary composite variable obtained by assessing key indicators including employment, access to land, financial services, and decision-making power. Each indicator was assessed as a composite variable and later made binary and scored as either 0 (right not upheld) or 1 (right upheld). Summing these scores for each respondent provided a total that reflects the extent to which their economic rights were upheld. A threshold was then established using the mean score. Those who scored above the mean were categorized as \\\"Rights Upheld\\\" (1) or \\\"Rights Not Upheld\\\" (0) for those below the mean.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOther variables in this study included socio-demographic factors such as age, education level, marital status, and occupation. Additionally, the study considered the impact of climate change, assessed through observed changes in weather patterns and their effects on agricultural productivity and income-generating activities.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eData management and analysis\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eData management for this study involved the systematic collection, organization, and storage of both quantitative and qualitative data using secure and standardized procedures. Quantitative data was entered using KOBO collect software set up on tablet phones, cleaned, and coded for analysis using STATA V15 statistical software. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the variables, while inferential statistics, including regression analysis, assessed the relationships between independent variables and women\\u0026rsquo;s economic rights. Qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically using Atlas ti software.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eEthical considerations\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e This study adhered to the highest ethical standards to ensure the protection and dignity of all participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the Uganda Christian University Research Ethics Committee (UCU REC) prior to the commencement of data collection. Informed consent was obtained from all participants after providing them with detailed information about the study's purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. Confidentiality and privacy were strictly maintained and all data collected were anonymized to protect the identity of participants, and personal identifiers were removed from datasets. Data were securely stored in password-protected files, and access was limited to the research team only. The findings of the study were reported in aggregate form, ensuring that no individual participant can be identified. The research team worked closely with local leaders to ensure that the study is conducted in a manner that is respectful and appropriate. Any potential conflicts of interest were disclosed, and the research team remained transparent in all interactions with participants and stakeholders.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Results\",\"content\":\"\\n\\u003ch3\\u003e1. Socio-demographic characteristics of the study respondents\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eA total of 214 women were engaged in the study, of whom, the majority 66.8% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;143) were aged between 25 to 44 years. About 65% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;138) were married, 43% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;92) had attained a secondary level education, and 54.2% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;116) lived in households of between 4\\u0026ndash;6 people, Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab1\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 1\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics of women engaged in the study in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCategory\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (n)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"2\\\" rowspan=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLocation of residence\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGomba\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e74\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e34.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eButambala\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e71\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e33.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFort portal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e32.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"4\\\" rowspan=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAge\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean (SD)\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;37.0 (11.40)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18\\u0026ndash;24\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e24\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e25\\u0026ndash;34\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e74\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e34.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e35\\u0026ndash;44\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e69\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e32.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e45\\u0026ndash;54\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e29\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e55+\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"3\\\" rowspan=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMarital status\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSingle\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e14\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMarried\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e138\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e64.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eWidowed\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e21\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDivorced/separated\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e41\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e19.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"3\\\" rowspan=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEducation level\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo formal education\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e90\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e42.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e92\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e43.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTertiary/ vocational training\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e22\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"2\\\" rowspan=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold size\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMean (SD)\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;5.44 (2.29)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u0026ndash;3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e40\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u0026ndash;6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e116\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e54.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7\\u0026ndash;9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e58\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e27.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003e1. The current status of women’s economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts.\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec5\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e1.1 The right to work, engage economic activities, earn and spend income\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAlmost all, 98.6% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;211) of the women mentioned that they engage in income generating activities in their localities. About 98% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;210) stated that they currently engage in income generating activities and the most mentioned main occupations were farming at 64% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;135) and business/trade at 26.5% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;56), Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab2\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab2\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 2\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEngagement in income generating activities and main occupations for the women in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCategory\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (n)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eExercises the right to work\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e211\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e98.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCurrently engage in income generating activities\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e210\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e98.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"4\\\" rowspan=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMain occupation\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFarming\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e135\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e64.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSalaried employment\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eBusiness/trade\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e56\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e26.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHousewife\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOther\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eTypes of income-generating activities engaged in by the women\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAgriculture, including crop growing (72.1%) and livestock farming (51.6%) and trading/small businesses (47.9%) were the most mentioned as the main income generating activities the women in the study. Figure\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Fig1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eWomen\\u0026rsquo;s monthly income, expenditures and savings\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOverall, 28.8% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;62) had a monthly income of 300,000 Uganda shillings or more, 76.4% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;162) spent on children\\u0026rsquo;s school fees, 81.6% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;173) spent on health and 50.5% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;107) spent on food. More than three quarters, 83.6% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;179) had monthly savings of 100,000 Uganda shillings or less, Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab3\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab3\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 3\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMonthly income, expenditure items and monthly savings among the women in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCategory\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (n)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"3\\\" rowspan=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMonthly income\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026le;\\u0026thinsp;100,000\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e52\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e24.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e100,001-200,000\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e49\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e22.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e200,001-300,00\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e52\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e24.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e300,001+\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e62\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e28.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"6\\\" rowspan=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eItems often spent on by the women\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSchool fees\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e162\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e76.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHealth\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e173\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e81.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFood\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e107\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e50.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHousing/rent\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e47\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e22.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eInvestment\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e87\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e41.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFashion\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e33\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e15.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eBuying assets\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e23.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"3\\\" rowspan=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMonthly savings\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026le;\\u0026thinsp;100,000\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e179\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e83.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e100,001-200,000\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e24\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e200,001-300,00\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e300,001+\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec6\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e1.2 The right to access resources\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSlightly more than two-thirds, 68.2% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;146) had access to land, 62.6% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;134) had access to livestock and similarly farming tools, 52.2% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;112) had access to markets while 31.3% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;67) had access to training/education opportunities. Figure\\u0026nbsp;3.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eWomen who can own/inherit property or have legal ownership of land\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAbout 90% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;193) of the women mentioned that they can own, inherit and manage property on their own and 33.6% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;72) legally own land while 16.4% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;35) own land but with no land title, Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab4\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab4\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 4\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eWomen who can own/inherit property and have legal ownership of land in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCategory\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (n)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCan own, inherit and manage property\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e21\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e193\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e90.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"2\\\" rowspan=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHave legal ownership of land\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e107\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e50.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes, legally\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e72\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e33.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes but no land title\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e35\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec7\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e1.3 Right to access financial services\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAbout 86% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;184) mentioned that they have access to financial services, 72.6% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;148) could access loans from savings groups including SACCOs, 40.2% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;86) had ever applied for a loan and 90.7% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;78) of them got the loan. The majority 64.1% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;50) got the loan for agricultural inputs, and 46.2% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;36) got the loan for starting up/expanding their businesses or children\\u0026rsquo;s education. Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab5\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab5\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 5\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAccess to financial services among the women in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCategory\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (n)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHave access to financial services such as banks, mobile money\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e29\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e184\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e86.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"5\\\" rowspan=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eWhere you can access loans\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCommercial banks\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLoan apps\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMicrofinance institution\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMobile money services\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSavings group e.g., SACCO\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e148\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e72.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOthers\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEver applied for a loan\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e128\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e59.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e86\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e40.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eGot the loan\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e78\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e90.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"6\\\" rowspan=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePurpose of the loan\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAgricultural inputs\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e50\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e64.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eStarting/expanding business\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e36\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e46.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChildren\\u0026rsquo;s education\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e36\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e46.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHealthcare\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold expenses\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e9.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAssets\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOther\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.3.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEver been denied a loan\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e19\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e154\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e89.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec8\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e1.4 The right to make decisions\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSlightly more than two-thirds, 67.8% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;145) individually or jointly make decisions about use of household income always, 62.6% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;134) always make decisions about purchase of major assets, 64.9% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;134) about children\\u0026rsquo;s education and 78.2% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;165) about agriculture related activities. Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab6\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e6\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab6\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 6\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDecision making related to household income, assets, children\\u0026rsquo;s education and agriculture among the women in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCategory\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (n)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"4\\\" rowspan=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIndividually/ jointly make decisions about use of household income\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAlways\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e145\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e67.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOften\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e40\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSometimes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e22\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRarely\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNever\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"4\\\" rowspan=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIndividually/ jointly make decisions about purchase of major assets\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAlways\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e134\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e62.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOften\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e39\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSometimes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e28\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRarely\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNever\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"4\\\" rowspan=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIndividually/ jointly make decisions about children\\u0026rsquo;s education\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAlways\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e135\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e64.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOften\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e38\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSometimes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRarely\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNever\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"4\\\" rowspan=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIndividually/ jointly make decisions about agricultural related decisions\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAlways\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e165\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e78.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOften\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e10.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSometimes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRarely\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNever\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec9\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003e1.5 Overall economic rights\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAlmost all, 98.1% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;210) of the respondents scored highly for the right to work, engage economic activities, earn and spend income, slightly more than half, 56.5% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;121) scored low for the right to access resources and similarly 59.8% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;128) scored low for the right to access financial services. About 62% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;132) scored high for the right to make decisions while 47.7% scored moderately for the overall economic rights of women. Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab7\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e7\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab7\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 7\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eScores for the economic rights of women in Gomba, Butambala and Fort portal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCategory\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (n)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eScore for the right to work, engage economic activities, earn and spend income\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLow score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e210\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e98.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eScore for the right to access resources\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLow score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e121\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e56.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e93\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e43.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eScore for the right to access financial services\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLow score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e128\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e59.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e86\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e40.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eScore for the right to make decisions\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLow score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e82\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e38.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e132\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e61.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"2\\\" rowspan=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOverall score for economic rights of women Mean(SD)\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;26.90(5.15)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLow score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e64\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e29.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eModerate score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e102\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e47.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh score\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e48\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e22.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003e2. Climate-related weather events and effects on economic rights in the study areas\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eOver 93% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;199) respondents mentioned that they noticed changes in weather patterns in their area, with the most observed changes being decreased rainfall 69.9% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;139) and more frequent dry spells/drought 63.8% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;127). Some of the most expressed effects of the observed weather changes included reduced crop yields 76.8% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;146), and increased crop damage 75.8% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;144). Additionally, 52.9% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;111) mentioned that changes in weather patterns affected their ability to access and control resources while 53.1% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;112) affirmed that the changes have made it harder for the women to exercise economic rights. Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab8\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e8\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab8\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 8\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eClimate change and women\\u0026rsquo;s economic rights across the three districts, Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCategory\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (n)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNoticed changes in weather patterns in your area\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e15\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e199\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e93.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"5\\\" rowspan=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChanges observed\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDecreased rainfall\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e139\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e69.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIncreased rainfall\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e66\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e33.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMore frequent dry spells/drought\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e127\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e63.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMore frequent floods\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIncreased temperatures\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e79\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e39.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOther\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.0\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"7\\\" rowspan=\\\"8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEffect of the experienced weather events\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eReduced crop yield\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e146\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e76.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIncreased crop damage\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e144\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e75.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLoss of livestock\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e33\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e17.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIncreased cost of agricultural inputs\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e12.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDifficulty accessing markets\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e29\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e15.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIncreased in accessing water sources\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5.8\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDestroyed gardens\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e73\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e38.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDelays in making entrepreneurial products\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e25\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e13.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChanges in weather patterns affected your ability to access and control resources\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e99\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e47.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e111\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e52.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"2\\\" rowspan=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChanges have made it harder to exercise economic rights\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e75\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e35.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNot sure\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e24\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e112\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e53.1\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eQualitatively, the respondents further expressed how the changes in weather patterns/climate change affects their economic rights, pointing out issues of access to water, effect on crops and yield, livestock, markets and income, effects on access to resources and credit and delays in production of products.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eImpact on water access\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eA recurring challenge highlighted by respondents is the difficulty in accessing water during drought seasons, which negatively impacts domestic use, farming, and livestock. This lack of access to water for irrigation is particularly detrimental to crop production, further threatening livelihoods in rural areas.\\u003cdiv class=\\\"BlockQuote\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"It has become increasingly difficult to access water for domestic use, farming, and livestock during drought seasons.\\\" (KII, Male, Gomba district)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"Water for irrigation is hard to access during dry seasons, which significantly affects crop production.\\\" (IDI, female, Butambala)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eEffect on crop yields\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRespondents reported that changes in weather patterns, including prolonged droughts and erratic rains, have significantly reduced crop yields. This has not only destroyed staple crops such as maize and peas but also left many unable to meet basic needs or support their families due to low harvests and reduced production.\\u003cdiv class=\\\"BlockQuote\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"Changes in weather patterns have drastically reduced crop yields, leaving me unable to meet my basic needs.\\\" (IDI, Female, Gomba)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"Prolonged droughts and erratic rains destroy crops such as maize, peas, and other staple foods, reducing production.\\\" (KII, Female, Kabarole)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"The drought dries out my crops, leading to low harvests and making it difficult to support my family.\\\" (IDI, Female, Butambala)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eEffect on livestock\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eParticipants highlighted the severe impact of water shortages on livestock, with poor grazing conditions and lack of water leading to the death of animals. This not only causes significant economic losses but also disrupts income and food supply for affected households.\\u003cdiv class=\\\"BlockQuote\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"The death of livestock due to water shortages and poor grazing conditions causes significant economic losses.\\\" (KII, Male, Gomba)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"Without water for livestock, animals fall sick or die, which disrupts my income and food supply.\\\" (IDI, Female, Butambala)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eImpact on markets and income\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRespondents emphasized that reduced crop yields and unpredictable weather patterns destabilize market prices, making it difficult to earn a stable income. Heavy rains and droughts delay production, limit customer purchases, and reduce farmers' earnings, further impacting savings and access to financial resources such as SACCOS.\\u003cdiv class=\\\"BlockQuote\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"Reduced crop yields destabilize market prices, making it hard for me to sell and earn a stable income.\\\" (IDI, Female, Gomba)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"Heavy rains and droughts delay production and limit customers\\u0026rsquo; ability to purchase my products at the market.\\\" (IDI, Female, Butambala)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"Low crop yields mean farmers have less money, reducing my sales and ability to save in local SACCOS.\\\" (IDI, Female, Gomba)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eBarriers to resources and credit\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eParticipants reported that unfavourable weather conditions and reduced harvests significantly limit their savings, making it challenging to access larger credit amounts needed to boost their businesses. Spoiled crops further reduce income, hindering their ability to save and secure financial loans.\\u003cdiv class=\\\"BlockQuote\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"Limited savings from reduced harvests make it difficult to access larger credit amounts to boost my business.\\\" (KII, Female, Kabarole)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"Unfavourable weather spoils crops, affecting my income and limiting my ability to save and access loans.\\\" (IDI, Female, Gomba)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eDelays in production\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eRespondents consistently highlighted that unfavourable weather conditions and reduced harvests diminish their financial stability. This limits their savings, restricts access to larger credit facilities, and negatively impacts their ability to invest in and grow their businesses, further exacerbating economic hardships.\\u003cdiv class=\\\"BlockQuote\\\"\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"Erratic weather patterns delay farming seasons, making it difficult to plant, harvest, or produce on time.\\\" (IDI, Female, Butambala)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003e\\\"Unpredictable rains and droughts disrupt my farming activities, delaying production and reducing overall efficiency.\\\" (KII, Male, Butambala)\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003e3. Adaptation strategies adopted by the women and support in realizing their economic rights\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe majority of the respondents mentioned diversification of income sources 42.6% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;89), formation of saving groups 31.6% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;66), irrigation 30.6% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;64) and diversification of crops 29.2% (61). Additionally, Supportive family members 58.4% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;125), Membership in women\\u0026rsquo;s groups/cooperatives 66.4% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;142), access to education/training 48.6% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;104) and access to financial services 45.3% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;97) helped women to exercise economic rights. Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab9\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e9\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab9\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 9\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAdaptation strategies adopted by the women and support in realizing their economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCategory\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency (n)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePercentage (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"7\\\" rowspan=\\\"8\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eStrategies adopted to cope\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDiversification of crops\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e61\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e29.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAdoption of drought-resistant crops\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e34\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eIrrigation\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e64\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e30.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMigration to other areas\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFormation of savings groups\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e66\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e31.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDiversification of income sources\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e89\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e42.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEco-friendly entrepreneurship\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e45\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e21.5\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOther\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e36\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e17.2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"8\\\" rowspan=\\\"9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFactors that have helped women to exercise economic rights\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSupportive family members\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e125\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e58.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAccess to education/training\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e104\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e48.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMembership in women\\u0026rsquo;s groups/cooperatives\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e142\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e66.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAccess to financial services\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e97\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e45.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOwnership of land or property\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e35\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e16.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSupportive government policies\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e18\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8.4\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCommunity support\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e59\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e27.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eAccess to markets\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e59\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e27.6\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOther\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.9\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDuration in a women\\u0026rsquo;s group\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1 year or less\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e104\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e52.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMore than 1 year\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e95\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e47.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" morerows=\\\"1\\\" rowspan=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eBelieve government programs in the district have been supportive to women economic rights\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e67\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e31.3\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e147\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e68.7\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Discussions\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThis study aimed to assess the status of women's economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts in Uganda. Key findings show that almost all, 98.1% of the respondents scored highly for the right to work, engage economic activities, earn and spend income, slightly more than half, (56.5%) scored low for the right to access resources and similarly (59.8%) scored low for the right to access financial services. About 62% scored high for the right to make decisions. Overall, close to half, (47.7%) of the respondents scored moderately for the overall economic rights of women. Over 93% (n\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;199) noticed changes in weather patterns in their area, including decreased rainfall 69.9% and more frequent dry spells/drought 63.8%. Resultant effects included reduced crop yields 76.8%, and increased crop damage 75.8%. The majority of the respondents adopted diversification of income sources (42.6%), formation of saving groups (31.6%), irrigation (30.6%) and diversification of crops (29.2%).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe high score for the right to work and engage in economic activities reflects global trends where women in rural settings increasingly participate in income-generating activities to support their households (Laurent and Mushi, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR7\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2024\\u003c/span\\u003e, Sangwan et al., 2024). However, the low scores on resource and financial service access align with findings from other studies, which highlight persistent barriers such as gender biases in resource allocation and limited financial literacy among women (Yoganandham et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR19\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2024\\u003c/span\\u003e, Ajiva et al., 2024). Similar studies have also documented that rural women face restricted access to credit and financial services (Fletschner and Kenney, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR3\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2014\\u003c/span\\u003e, Kulkarni and Ghosh, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR6\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2021\\u003c/span\\u003e), which hinders their ability to invest in resilience-building activities like irrigation or improved farming techniques.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe widespread observation of changing weather patterns aligns with global evidence of the disproportionate impact of climate change on rural women, particularly in agrarian communities where livelihoods depend on rainfall patterns (UN, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR15\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2022\\u003c/span\\u003e). The adoption of strategies like savings groups and crop diversification aligns with evidence from resource-constrained settings, where collective and low-cost adaptation measures are often the most viable options.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe findings reinforce the intersectionality of gender, economic rights, and climate change resilience. The low scores in resource and financial access highlight structural inequalities that constrain women\\u0026rsquo;s ability to fully participate in decision-making and economic activities. The relatively high score for decision-making rights suggests a degree of agency, but the limited access to resources and finances undermines the extent to which women can exercise this agency effectively. The results align with frameworks such as the social determinants of health, which emphasize the interconnectedness of socio-economic rights and overall well-being, as well as gender-transformative approaches that highlight the importance of addressing structural barriers to achieve equity.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThese findings highlight the need for interventions targeting resource access and financial inclusion to strengthen women\\u0026rsquo;s economic rights. Policies promoting equitable land ownership and access to credit are essential to enable women to invest in climate-resilient practices such as irrigation and crop diversification. Programs that support financial literacy and establish accessible microfinance institutions could empower women to make informed financial decisions. Community-based savings groups, already adopted by 31.6% of respondents, could be expanded to enhance financial resilience collectively. Additionally, the significant impact of climate change on crop yields and damage necessitates the integration of climate-smart agricultural practices into rural development programs, such as promoting drought-resistant crops and efficient water management techniques.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cb\\u003eStrengths and limitations of the Study\\u003c/b\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe study provides valuable insights into the interconnected challenges of economic rights and climate change for rural women. The comprehensive approach, combining economic and environmental factors, offers a nuanced understanding of the barriers women face and the strategies they adopt in response. The study's reliance on self-reported data introduces potential bias, such as recall bias or social desirability bias. Additionally, the cross-sectional design limits the ability to establish causality between limited economic rights and adaptive capacities.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFuture studies should explore the long-term impacts of improving financial and resource access on women\\u0026rsquo;s adaptive capacities and overall economic rights. Longitudinal studies could assess how adaptive strategies like income diversification and savings groups evolve over time and their effectiveness in building resilience to climate change.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Conclusions\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThe findings highlight both the strengths and gaps in women\\u0026rsquo;s economic rights, and emphasizee the critical need for policies and programs that enhance access to resources and financial services. Addressing these barriers would enable rural women to fully realize their decision-making rights and adopt effective strategies for climate resilience. Investments in financial inclusion, equitable resource distribution, and climate-smart agricultural practices are essential to empower women and ensure sustainable livelihoods in the face of changing weather patterns.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Declarations\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eConflict of interest\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe authors declare no conflict of interest\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAuthors\\u0026apos; contributions\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAll authors conceptualized the study. CHM, AT and GB participated in data collection, and drafted the first manuscript, CHM, GB, AT, RA, RWN, EM, and SD reviewed the first manuscript draft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eFunding\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis research was made possible through funding support of the Forum for Women and Development (FOKUS) in partnership with the sisters of Joseph and Climate Justice Resilience. The information provided does not necessarily reflect the views of the funders.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003col\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eAJIVA, O. A., EJIKE, O. G. \\u0026amp; ABHULIMEN, A. O. 2024. Empowering female entrepreneurs in the creative sector: Overcoming barriers and strategies for long-term success. \\u003cem\\u003eInt. J. Adv. Econ,\\u003c/em\\u003e 6\\u003cstrong\\u003e,\\u003c/strong\\u003e 424-436.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eFERN\\u0026Aacute;NDEZ, R. 2014. Women\\u0026rsquo;s rights and development. \\u003cem\\u003eJournal of Economic Growth,\\u003c/em\\u003e 19\\u003cstrong\\u003e,\\u003c/strong\\u003e 37-80.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eFLETSCHNER, D. \\u0026amp; KENNEY, L. 2014. \\u003cem\\u003eRural women\\u0026rsquo;s access to financial services: credit, savings, and insurance\\u003c/em\\u003e, Springer.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eIOM. 2022. \\u003cem\\u003eAssessing The Evidence Migration, Environment \\u0026amp; Climate Change Nexus in Uganda \\u003c/em\\u003e[Online]. Available: https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1411/files/documents/assessing-the-evidence-migration-environment-climate-change-nexus-in-uganda.pdf [Accessed 23rd/05 2024].\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eKISH, L. 1965. Sampling organizations and groups of unequal sizes. \\u003cem\\u003eAmerican sociological review\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e,\\u003c/strong\\u003e 564-572.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eKULKARNI, L. \\u0026amp; GHOSH, A. 2021. Gender disparity in the digitalization of financial services: challenges and promises for women\\u0026apos;s financial inclusion in India. \\u003cem\\u003eGender, Technology and Development,\\u003c/em\\u003e 25\\u003cstrong\\u003e,\\u003c/strong\\u003e 233-250.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eLAURENT, M. \\u0026amp; MUSHI, B. 2024. Drivers of Rural Women Participation in Income Generating Activities in Mufindi District-Iringa. \\u003cem\\u003eNG Journal of Social Development,\\u003c/em\\u003e 15\\u003cstrong\\u003e,\\u003c/strong\\u003e 72-86.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMAYANJA, M. N., MORTON, J., BUGEZA, J. \\u0026amp; RUBAIRE, A. 2022. Livelihood profiles and adaptive capacity to manage food insecurity in pastoral communities in the central cattle corridor of Uganda. \\u003cem\\u003eScientific African,\\u003c/em\\u003e 16\\u003cstrong\\u003e,\\u003c/strong\\u003e e01163.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMGLSD. 2007. \\u003cem\\u003eThe Uganda Gender Policy (2007) \\u003c/em\\u003e[Online]. Available: https://www.rodra.co.za/images/countries/uganda/policy/The%20Uganda%20Gender%20Policy%202007.pdf [Accessed 2nd/09 2024].\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMLHUD. 1998. \\u003cem\\u003eChapter 227, the land act, 1998 \\u003c/em\\u003e[Online]. Available: https://mlhud.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Land-Act-1998-as-amended-CAP-227.pdf [Accessed 2nd/09 2024].\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMUHWEZI, C. 2022. \\u003cem\\u003eCattle corridor wakes up to climate change \\u003c/em\\u003e[Online]. Available: https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/cattle-corridor-wakes-up-to-climate-change-3920088 [Accessed 2nd/09 2024].\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003ePARLIAMENT OF UGANDA. 1995. \\u003cem\\u003eConstitution \\u003c/em\\u003e[Online]. Available: https://www.parliament.go.ug/documents/1240/constitution [Accessed 2nd/09 2024].\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eSANGWAN, N., NANDA, S., CHAUHAN, P. K. \\u0026amp; RANI, P. 2024. Transforming Household Economies: Empowering Rural Women and Shaping the Dynamics of Traditional Economic Activities. \\u003cem\\u003eSPAST Reports,\\u003c/em\\u003e 1.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eUN. 2014. \\u003cem\\u003eEconomic Empowerment \\u003c/em\\u003e[Online]. Available: https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/economic-empowerment#:~:text=Investing%20in%20women\\u0026apos;s%20economic%20empowerment,unpaid%20care%20work%20at%20home. [Accessed 2nd/September 2024].\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eUN. 2022. \\u003cem\\u003eWhy Climate Change Impacts Women Differently Than Men \\u003c/em\\u003e[Online]. UN. Available: https://unfccc.int/news/new-report-why-climate-change-impacts-women-differently-than-men [Accessed 27/01 2025].\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eUN. 2023. \\u003cem\\u003eProgress on the sustainable development goals- The Gender Snapshot \\u003c/em\\u003e[Online]. Available: https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/progress-on-the-sustainable-development-goals-the-gender-snapshot-2023-en.pdf [Accessed 2nd/Sept 2024].\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eUN WOMEN. 2024. \\u003cem\\u003eFacts and figures: Economic empowerment \\u003c/em\\u003e[Online]. Available: https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/economic-empowerment/facts-and-figures [Accessed 2nd/09 2024].\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eWORLD BANK. 2022. \\u003cem\\u003eStrengthening Uganda\\u0026rsquo;s Economic Growth with Support to Women Entrepreneurs \\u003c/em\\u003e[Online]. Available: https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/strengthening-ugandas-economic-growth-support-women-entrepreneurs [Accessed 2nd/09 2024].\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eYOGANANDHAM, G., VARALAKSHMI, M. D. \\u0026amp; KALAIVANI, M. M. 2024. Unlocking Potential: Enhancing Women\\u0026apos;s Empowerment through Financial Inclusion in Northwestern India. \\u003cem\\u003eTuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology,\\u003c/em\\u003e 45\\u003cstrong\\u003e,\\u003c/strong\\u003e 2024.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":true,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Forum for Women and Development \",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Women, Economic rights, Climate Change, Adaptation, Uganda\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5923767/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5923767/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003ch2\\u003eBackground\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eWomen's economic rights are pivotal for achieving gender equality and sustainable development. Despite global advancements, women in developing countries, particularly in Uganda, continue to face significant hurdles due to socio-cultural norms, legal barriers, and more recently climate change. In Uganda, efforts have been made to enhance gender equality, but their impact is limited, especially in rural districts. This study focused on selected districts to evaluate the status of women's economic rights, exploring the challenges and facilitators within the context of climate change.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eObjective\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTo assess the status of women\\u0026rsquo;s economic rights in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts, identifying the barriers and facilitators affecting these rights, and evaluating the impact of climate change on their economic empowerment.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eMethods\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThis study employed a cross-sectional mixed-method approach in Gomba, Butambala, and Kabarole districts of Uganda, among 291 grassroots women aged 18 years and above engaged in agriculture and other ventures. A digitized semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the variables and inferential statistics, to explore relationships between independent variables and women\\u0026rsquo;s economic rights using Stata version 15 software. Qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically to provide insights into the contextual factors influencing women's economic rights.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eResults\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eOf the 214 women in the study, 66.8% were aged 25\\u0026ndash;44, and 43% had attained secondary education. Nearly all (98.6%) engaged in income-generating activities, mainly farming (64%) and business/trade (26.5%). About 28.8% earned 300,000 Uganda shillings or more monthly, with 76.4% spending on school fees, 81.6% on health, and 50.5% on food. While 68.2% had access to land, only 33.6% legally owned it. Financial services were accessible to 86%, with 72.6% using loans and 40.2% having applied for one. Approximately 68% always participated in household income decisions. Close to half (47.7%) scored moderately on economic rights, and over 93% observed weather changes, such as decreased rainfall (69.9%) and increased droughts (63.8%), leading to reduced crop yields (76.8%) and crop damage (75.8%). Respondents adopted strategies like income diversification (42.6%), saving groups (31.6%), irrigation (30.6%), and crop diversification (29.2%).\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Women Economic Rights in the Face of Climate Change in Uganda; A Case of Central and Western Uganda\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-01-30 10:25:20\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5923767/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"cdf3bcbb-6ee6-4358-abed-e92315866272\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"January 30th, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2025-01-30T10:25:20+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-01-30 10:25:20\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-5923767\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-5923767\",\"identity\":\"rs-5923767\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}