{"paper_id":"2513ee33-abdd-411e-b82f-12c104b33c68","body_text":"Urinary tract endometriosis: Systematic review\nAbstract\nObjective:\nMaterials and methods:\nResults:\nConclusion:\nIntroduction\nMaterials and methods\n| Urinary symptoms | ||||||||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| Dysuria | Hematuria | Urinary frequency | Urinary urgency | Urinary hesitancy | Cystitis or Cystalgia | UTI or Pyelonephritis | Hydronephrosis | |\n| Bladder | 6.67%–72.2%29,30,35,40,60,61 | 6%–42.7%29,30,33,35,40,41 | 47.2%29 | 24.7%29 | 10.1%29 | 10%–18%41,51 | ||\n| Ureter | 2.1%–41.9%37,40,45,47 | 2.1%–46.8%36,37,39,40,47,48 | 3%36 | 1.2%–5.8%45,48 | 25%–35.2%39,40,48 | 5.3%–100%35,37,38,41,43–51 | ||\n| Kidney | +21,22 | |||||||\n| Urethra | +145 | +23 | +23 | |||||\n| Non-urinary symptoms | ||||||||\n| Dysmenorrhea | Dyspareunia | Dyschezia | Abdominal or pelvic pain | Lumbar or flank pain | Vulvar edema | |||\n| Bladder | 76%–98%30,35,40,60,61 | 42%–64.5%30,35,40,60,61 | 21%–55.4%35,60,61 | 12%–49%30,40,41 | ||||\n| Ureter | 10%–96.4%37–40,44,45,47,133 | 18.7%–48%39,40,45,47,133 | 32%–47.5%45,133 | 12.5%–28.5%36,39,40,133 | 6.9%–39.5%37,36,41,45,133 | |||\n| Kidney | +20,22 | |||||||\n| Urethra | +23 | +23,145 | +23 | +145 |\n| UE diagnostic modalities | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) |\n|---|---|---|\n| MRI93,96,97,115 | ||\n| Bladder30–32,137,139 | 67–100 | 83–100 |\n| Ureteral137,139 | 33–87 | 98–100 |\n| Ultrasonographyb,74–76,135 | ||\n| Bladder25,29,33,50,61,86,138,139,144 | 50–89 | 98–100 |\n| Ureteral133,136,138,139,144 | 50–97 | 95–100 |\n| Hydronephrosis50 | 96 | 99 |\n| CT Urogram82,84,97 | ||\n| Bladder83 | 46 | 98 |\n| Ureteral (Left)83,136 | 36–57 | 76–89 |\n| Ureteral (Right)83,136 | 18–60 | 70–88 |\n| Computed Tomography82,84,97 | 72.2 (40) | 100 (40) |\n| Cystoscopy29,91,92,97 | 58–95 | 87–97 |\n| Intravenous Pyelography82,93,97,99,100 | 85–90a | 95–100a |\n| MAG3 & Radioisotope renography81,94,98 | 91a | 84a |\n| KUB77,78,94,95 | 60a | 77a |\n| Medical treatment | Route, dosage | Nausea and vomiting | Breast tenderness | Breakthrough bleeding | Acne | Depression | Weight gain | Others | |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| Combined hormonal contraceptives | |||||||||\n| Combined oral contraceptive pills | Oral, once daily | + | + | + | + | + | + | Fatigue, HTN | |\n| Etonogestrel/Ethinyl Estradiol | Vaginal ring, once monthly | + | + | + | + | + | + | Fatigue, HTN | |\n| Norelgestromin/Ethinyl Estradiol | Transdermal patch, once weekly | + | + | + | + | + | + | Fatigue, HTN | |\n| Progestins | |||||||||\n| Depo Medroxyprogesterone | IM, 1.150 mg every 13 weeks SubQ, 2.104 mg every 12–14 weeks | + | + | + | + | Hirsutism, decreased BMD | |||\n| Levonorgestrl Intrauterine Device | Single for up to 8 years | + | PID, Expulsion | ||||||\n| Norethindrone | Oral, 5 mg daily | + | + | VTE, Peripheral edema | |||||\n| Medical treatment | Route, dosage | Mood swing | Hot flashes | Peripheral edema | Acne | Depression | VTE | Decreased BMD | Others |\n| Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists | |||||||||\n| Goserelin | SubQ, 3.6 mg monthly | + | + | + | + | + | + | Vaginitis | |\n| Leuprolide | IM, 3.75 mg monthly IM 11.25 mg every 3 months | + | + | + | + | + | + | Headache, Dizziness, Anaphylaxis, Vaginitis, Triglyceride elevation, Nausea and Vomiting | |\n| Nafarelin | Intranasal, 400 µg daily | + | + | + | + | + | Vaginal dryness, VTE, headache | ||\n| Triptorelin | IM, 3.75 mg monthly | + | + | HTN, Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, Headache | |||||\n| Androgens | |||||||||\n| Danazol | Oral, 100–200 mg twice daily | + | + | Weight gain, Hirsutism, Lipid abnormalities, Hepatic dysfunction | |||||\n| Anastrazole | Oral, 1 mg daily | + | + | Arthralgia, myalgia | |||||\n| Letrozole | Oral, 2.5 mg daily | + | + | Arthralgia, myalgia |\n| Surgical procedure | Laparotomy | Conventional laparoscopy | Robot-assisted laparoscopy |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| Surgical complication (Calvien-Dindo grade I–IV) | |||\n| Resection/Excision of bladder endometriosis | - | 0%–12%35,60,127 | - |\n| Partial cystectomy | 10%29 | 4.3%–11.1%29,32 | - |\n| Ureterolysis | - | 0%46 | 16%47 |\n| Partial ureteral resection & end-end anastomosis | 8%44 | <1%131 | 0%110 |\n| Ureteroneocystostomy | 0%–57%48,131 | <0.5%–83%45,46,48,131 | 0%–50%44,48,110 |\n| Ureteronephrectomy | 8%44 | 0%44 | - |\n| Surgical procedure not specified | 0%–52.9%37,39,49 | 0%–28.5%37–40,49,51,128 | 6.5%–8.5%128,134 |\n| Recurrence rate (after 12 months) | |||\n| Resection/Excision of bladder endometriosis | - | 2.3%–3.4%35,60 | - |\n| Partial cystectomy | 0%29 | 0%32 | - |\n| Ureterolysis | - | 0%–18.6%38,46,131 | - |\n| Partial resection & end-end anastomosis | - | 0%–19%38,131 | 0%110 |\n| Ureteroneocystostomy | 0%48,131 | 0%–1.2%45,46,48 | 0%48,110 |\n| Surgical procedure not specified | 2.17%37 | 0%–10.7%37,51 | 0%–9.5%128,134 |\n| Post-surgical pregnancy rate | |||\n| Natural conception & IVF | 25%37 | 19.7%–77%37,40,45,51,60 | 88.9%134 |\nResults\nSymptoms\nDiagnostic modalities\nImaging\nTreatment\nMedical management\nSurgical management\nPostoperative follow-up\nDiscussion\nConclusions\nEthical approval\nDeclaration of conflicting interests\nFunding\nORCID iD\nFootnotes\nData availability statement\nData availability statement\nAppendix 1\nSearch strategy\nReferences\nSupplementary Material\nPlease find the following supplemental material available below.\nFor Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.\nFor non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.\nCite\nCite\nCite\nDownload to reference manager\nIf you have citation software installed, you can download citation data to the citation manager of your choice\nInformation, rights and permissions\nInformation\nPublished In\nKeywords\nData availability statement\nData availability statement\nAuthors\nMetrics and citations\nMetrics\nJournals metrics\nThis article was published in Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders.\nView All Journal MetricsPublication usage*\nTotal views and downloads: 240\n*Publication usage tracking started in December 2016\nPublications citing this one\nReceive email alerts when this publication is cited\nWeb of Science: 0\nCrossref:\nThere are no citing articles to show.\nFigures and tables\nFigures & Media\nTables\nView Options\nView options\nPDF/EPUB\nView PDF/EPUBAccess options\nIf you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:\nloading institutional access options\nAlternatively, view purchase options below:\nPurchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.\nAccess journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}