{"paper_id":"23d08406-f464-475b-9932-97857f7f2a38","body_text":"Abstract\nEndometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder that affects 10% of reproductive-aged women and causes pelvic pain and infertility. Bone marrow–derived stem cells (BMDCs) are known to engraft endometriosis in association with lesion growth; however, they do not undergo significant clonal expansion. The indirect effects of BMDCs on endometriosis growth and cell proliferation are not well characterized. Here, we demonstrate that BMDCs’ co-culture increased endometrial stromal cell proliferation. In vitro studies using endometrial cells showed that BMDCs increased cell proliferation and activation of CDK1 in both an endometriosis cell line and primary endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis, however not in normal endometrial cells. In vivo studies using a mouse model of endometriosis showed increased CDK1+ expression associated with engrafted GFP + BMDCs. 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High expression levels of cyclin B1 and polo-like kinase 1 in ectopic endometrial cells associated with abnormal cell cycle regulation of endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2009;91(4):979–87.\nFunding\nThis work was supported by the Endometriosis Foundation of America AWD0003567.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nEthics declarations\nConflict of Interest\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\nEthics Approval\nEthics involved in experiments carried out using cell lines approved by the Yale University.\nAdditional information\nPublisher’s Note\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nElectronic supplementary material\nESM 1 (download DOCX )\nGross morphology of endometriotic lesions: Circles (white) indicate endometriotic lesions (left). H & E staining of lesion tissue section showing glandular uterine structure (right).(DOCX 11.7 kb)\nRights and permissions\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nChen, P., Mamillapalli, R., Habata, S. et al. Endometriosis Cell Proliferation Induced by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Reprod. Sci. 28, 426–434 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00294-4\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nVersion of record:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00294-4","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}