{"paper_id":"1b91895f-d164-41d1-b26b-66dc4ffdf2a4","body_text":"Fluid Property Identification of CatBoost Model Based on Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Fluid Property Identification of CatBoost Model Based on Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm Shuzhen Zhao, Zhao Bin This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7526564/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Low porosity and permeability reservoirs play an important role in the development of oil and gas resources. This kind of reservoir has strong heterogeneity, complex pore structure, and unclear characteristics of log responses. Conventional methods, therefore, are difficult to identify its fluid properties. This study explores the adoption of GWO-CatBoost model for fluid properties’ identification. Firstly, the GWO algorithm is used to globally optimize the core parameters of the CatBoost model, thereby enhancing the generalization performance and predictive accuracy of the model. Secondly, the logging curves of the study area were input into the optimized model to achieve high-precision fluid property identification. To test the validity of this method, this study selected CatBoost model, random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and LightGBM model for comparative experiments. The findings show that the GWO-CatBoost model has superior accuracy of fluid identification, reaching 92.78%, which is significantly improved compared with other models. This provides a new idea for fluid identification in low porosity and permeability reservoirs. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences Complicated reservoirs CatBoost Fluid identification Grey wolf optimization algorithm GWO-CatBoost Parameter intelligent optimization Well-logging Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 07 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 23 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 19 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Dec, 2025 Editor invited by journal 21 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 08 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 03 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-7526564\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":558104429,\"identity\":\"19d7072d-bf78-4f06-9ae7-1cb9e9b648ac\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Shuzhen Zhao\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Yangtze University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Shuzhen\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Zhao\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":558104437,\"identity\":\"8d639144-0d0b-4724-beee-24422b986d39\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Zhao Bin\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Yangtze University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Zhao\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Bin\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2025-09-03 11:38:23\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7526564/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7526564/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":97990958,\"identity\":\"6e13ba59-0f81-4ff1-a112-d405c737296b\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:53\",\"extension\":\"docx\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1957251,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"FluidPropertyIdentificationofCatBoostModelBasedonGreyWolfOptimizationAlgorithm.docx\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/b6a11d506da045c8e8e18782.docx\"},{\"id\":97990954,\"identity\":\"93aed780-843a-4103-a657-6eeba34773b3\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:53\",\"extension\":\"json\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":3983,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"d7cd39389a69400e9dc3a95d3c7ac7c3.json\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/950cf7fcf363129f69ca3fec.json\"},{\"id\":98424967,\"identity\":\"97f4c0be-d3fa-4b4a-a758-96d7f26b6499\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:08\",\"extension\":\"xml\",\"order_by\":2,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":115581,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"d7cd39389a69400e9dc3a95d3c7ac7c31enriched.xml\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/a37385b333c4685ff93666a6.xml\"},{\"id\":97990955,\"identity\":\"c3ad3f67-bfbc-4458-8abe-2660687f5cfe\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:53\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":3,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":254179,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage1.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/9d8102776fe0d06f968c52ed.jpeg\"},{\"id\":98424350,\"identity\":\"8eebc8a2-6f02-4ce6-8661-c5f069ac45a8\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:14\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":4,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":34974,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/54e28dfb6704dcb361454e41.png\"},{\"id\":98423577,\"identity\":\"b78ef98e-c37f-461e-bddf-8e0148814f06\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:23\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":5,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":85803,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage3.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/fc3223a1320c9ffc4991f62a.jpeg\"},{\"id\":98425503,\"identity\":\"df151ad4-7a48-46d1-8a36-0e9fe5f76333\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:52\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":6,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":537309,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage4.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/32563f296fc22f5b298a5f61.jpeg\"},{\"id\":97990960,\"identity\":\"7a77fa84-5ee8-41ff-a4ee-6596c9755335\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:53\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":7,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":445598,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage5.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/47de52a6ed19b5b465b75274.jpeg\"},{\"id\":98424782,\"identity\":\"a67c82aa-ecfb-4f84-8644-0df4b1922938\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:49\",\"extension\":\"jpeg\",\"order_by\":8,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":492404,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage6.jpeg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/de370f4e76e44dc4bd200753.jpeg\"},{\"id\":98425281,\"identity\":\"00a9d622-fe93-4c24-ad14-5c7dbc1d25b5\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:35\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":9,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1275741,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"floatimage7.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/b04d2d564c7be1278b871dba.png\"},{\"id\":97990963,\"identity\":\"e2349725-fd93-4c66-8279-c3609eb16fd5\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:53\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":10,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1494,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image1.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/edf99ceb38336957b93a08e5.wmf\"},{\"id\":98425516,\"identity\":\"acd1bf6d-e527-4e13-8977-5dc95697daf0\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:52\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":11,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":852,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image10.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/e458f95dd9de722bf1c9b438.wmf\"},{\"id\":98425552,\"identity\":\"db687c0e-d31d-478d-a97d-b0435baf92ac\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:56\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":12,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":930,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image11.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/6f2afb1092a8dc2e68a1ab9e.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990969,\"identity\":\"beaea1b9-5396-40ab-b0a4-b0dbbd28cfeb\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:53\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":13,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":624,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image12.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/26a34faf09fc0f29dbd87512.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424384,\"identity\":\"bb155d45-a35a-4fa7-8a3f-ea7a54c4482f\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:17\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":14,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":740,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image13.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/9a09ac7fbe5183aabe8b057f.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990980,\"identity\":\"80a24d76-31b0-4166-ac0a-e1a508a12ed5\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":15,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":624,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image14.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/e0f79dec3ac12139f26c5da2.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424312,\"identity\":\"be5ea99c-c834-4ac5-bffd-efb7a6e15327\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:10\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":16,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":624,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image15.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/38f8818bc7c2d1bc54c8ca4b.wmf\"},{\"id\":98425651,\"identity\":\"ff47573b-aa2e-4ade-a1a8-fd412e930faf\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:35:01\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":17,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1236,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image16.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/430e7857a9f36e3f6951c383.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424103,\"identity\":\"02b2d391-b24b-4df5-baee-753b86fd7bb9\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:58\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":18,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1238,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image17.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/5937afc842d5e6ccf82b0ac4.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990966,\"identity\":\"9ba86cdb-94aa-46f8-bd38-47d287263244\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:53\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":19,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":624,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image18.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/3ad552d0543de9af53588a39.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424501,\"identity\":\"3be2ed50-69f5-49f1-8705-773cc6ce064f\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:24\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":20,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":740,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image19.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/39efedbf8b386c4df4bfa9d1.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424537,\"identity\":\"65027f67-aa7b-497e-9bae-eea8ebde407f\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:26\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":21,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1728,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image2.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/4ad058e860ed5dfe3d7c2574.wmf\"},{\"id\":98425489,\"identity\":\"dd064fb5-2a37-44fa-bb59-f72cfbeea896\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:51\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":22,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":740,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image20.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/5ce47bc7fb3e76b46cf2a359.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990989,\"identity\":\"41e4336e-ee0c-48f7-9bc3-cef9d6d00ce3\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":23,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":876,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image21.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/538220c597da1842789398e5.wmf\"},{\"id\":97991005,\"identity\":\"0d65f9fb-deb3-42e8-83f7-a9a9cc8cde16\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":24,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":744,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image22.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/5481254fe23ef2f3c99bec46.wmf\"},{\"id\":98423564,\"identity\":\"419f0bcc-fc83-4cea-8057-030df4e1a3fc\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:22\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":25,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1296,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image23.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/60bf96b66674a3a1b1503d16.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990986,\"identity\":\"c354df5c-0e74-44af-80b5-6ea35774ee83\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":26,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1236,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image24.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/15b238c32f4dd1c7a7218874.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990972,\"identity\":\"af82eeec-6ed7-423c-9d1d-5935e5184458\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":27,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1376,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image25.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/9e6f4c756118c4d75dc91ad9.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424509,\"identity\":\"5006dc77-e456-45fa-9aa2-e9d4c680f689\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:25\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":28,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":624,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image26.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/41fac1c56d814fdf12e693fa.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990973,\"identity\":\"7b8bb323-c780-4789-a49f-a03b05775072\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":29,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":762,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image27.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/d12340516f1feae387ac9942.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990988,\"identity\":\"04e28b14-2524-40b7-bd76-6007b0a6af62\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":30,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":746,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image28.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/c7b396a7fd5b62c750e99896.wmf\"},{\"id\":97991001,\"identity\":\"e2341617-e172-44a0-99e7-14e6fb46a1f7\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":31,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1334,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image29.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/3ed897e51604c383ea7eabf4.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990964,\"identity\":\"ff0d2f83-00c1-4f4d-80f9-77f740770578\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:53\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":32,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":624,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image3.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/90a738fd5e1da7fb82867231.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424365,\"identity\":\"b34fa8d6-b74a-4894-b36e-2907ddafec83\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:15\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":33,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1334,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image30.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/d08376ed1de36f0f5ebffe93.wmf\"},{\"id\":98425681,\"identity\":\"15988e13-8cfc-41d8-a997-2061d76d2b7a\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:35:05\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":34,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1334,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image31.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/1da197716fa8b314024292bf.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990983,\"identity\":\"70e6fb08-973c-4157-97b3-2fe9bed2a774\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":35,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":874,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image32.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/02448317fa7e65c66abd7d65.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990977,\"identity\":\"9a4958cb-a04e-4f07-a669-174ac0f1a4d5\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":36,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":874,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image33.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/d136d2633e41fb589312cc16.wmf\"},{\"id\":97991017,\"identity\":\"e3dd555c-dc45-4a03-a333-a49f820c9d17\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":37,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":874,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image34.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/afbd8567c8b16cc9cfbf89b5.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990995,\"identity\":\"f808cf86-ba96-4c8e-ae5c-291dc2f88d32\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":38,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":874,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image35.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/6f96abb7ca35daef2b568bac.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990984,\"identity\":\"8da64055-3dff-48fc-a60c-ecf23654eb63\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":39,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":874,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image36.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/61118eda47cbbb6b10d456fc.wmf\"},{\"id\":98425193,\"identity\":\"68328b02-f29f-4a76-9361-9388dcae18e1\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:30\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":40,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":874,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image37.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/ebb20db8564d1f12bb5ce32c.wmf\"},{\"id\":98425032,\"identity\":\"fa6cda53-a9ed-49a3-b8e6-0d041905abdb\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:11\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":41,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":870,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image38.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/e90a09ba314dc037fcc7e94a.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424565,\"identity\":\"08820531-35f7-4888-8946-0c19a8a65ac1\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:29\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":42,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":870,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image39.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/b6ac30db039e1a90e42a21c3.wmf\"},{\"id\":98423627,\"identity\":\"03ccdca8-626f-4f01-a163-18b7f52c226d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:27\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":43,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":748,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image4.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/2b27af37428ab357dfccc101.wmf\"},{\"id\":97991024,\"identity\":\"92281ebe-c657-4498-aaac-a140beb3c53d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":44,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":870,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image40.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/5bb1dc228652df3a5fa809e3.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990979,\"identity\":\"34f0768f-ea86-4085-b658-f475078a608b\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":45,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":744,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image41.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/01795e8dc5177879fb374ede.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424613,\"identity\":\"9290ee2b-05e5-46cc-b8c0-a10bd3a941bc\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:33\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":46,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1256,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image42.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/17e000ec09077443abd102f9.wmf\"},{\"id\":97990991,\"identity\":\"c0cc1b6c-ccbc-45ca-bbd2-5c6f43edb78d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":47,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1256,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image43.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/417af0cd089efcf240b246bd.wmf\"},{\"id\":97991008,\"identity\":\"1aa89423-353f-4798-817a-4573ec01a522\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":48,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1256,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image44.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/71a5c8d9ca97e64331d5d0be.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424527,\"identity\":\"b66dc3ff-a9b4-406f-99dc-e48dbd8317d3\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:26\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":49,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":874,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image45.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/b755273bf8588e3f91333d23.wmf\"},{\"id\":97991020,\"identity\":\"24a189fe-8b38-492f-9fb5-1b7ca7843b91\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":50,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":874,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image46.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/3e42b54ee63d87b705c35dfd.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424643,\"identity\":\"61f69584-5886-4476-b95f-f4f326d7fcf0\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:37\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":51,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":874,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image47.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/801bc7c70b2bc76a6728fbfe.wmf\"},{\"id\":97991037,\"identity\":\"c7969086-4f12-4986-8025-2c7a25d9ea3e\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":52,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1830,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image48.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/baaabe743993c825ed04fdc7.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424651,\"identity\":\"1b3a6d49-fb02-4a87-b932-2de2c7c69ed3\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:38\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":53,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1638,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image49.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/58f682b1bac2014d2e2dffc8.wmf\"},{\"id\":97991029,\"identity\":\"45e89784-cf0d-4eff-9243-2e2d2a5b98b8\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":54,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":624,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image5.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/402b0c896df441a7f8d5b3f6.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424226,\"identity\":\"00c85662-05b0-4fa9-a4bd-ef01f448862a\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:05\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":55,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1390,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image50.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/11ce512a25be1219da28452a.wmf\"},{\"id\":97991051,\"identity\":\"54ee6b26-0e4a-4660-bfe0-83f094cf1f6d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:56\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":56,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":794,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image51.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/f5a30e6a308c20662607c3f1.wmf\"},{\"id\":98425494,\"identity\":\"4b6ace54-55a4-4e8b-8c5e-382e5a4a68a4\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:51\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":57,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":778,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image52.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/c68f2ea219fe5a742c66c760.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424652,\"identity\":\"84129996-8f82-4b4c-99da-dd5d240e59c1\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:38\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":58,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":748,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image6.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/b46074eec91f5fc482831ab6.wmf\"},{\"id\":98423799,\"identity\":\"321d4377-4c9b-443d-b663-0f686cb5a1ff\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:38\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":59,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":624,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image7.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/c1b9bf9f9efc130cf36fe824.wmf\"},{\"id\":98622569,\"identity\":\"74e27203-7c1c-429a-9d68-a3f0013e54d7\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-19 16:58:16\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":60,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":624,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image8.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/819ab6a84558ca398ccb504e.wmf\"},{\"id\":97991042,\"identity\":\"d452941c-b276-492a-8bfa-5bb7b1223d0e\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"wmf\",\"order_by\":61,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":3718,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"image9.wmf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/773e6a73cd6be582dc59db33.wmf\"},{\"id\":98424633,\"identity\":\"9b3c9583-6f08-4065-932c-f2fb9740d1d2\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:35\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":62,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":44705,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/ca009725d0822972a13e9049.png\"},{\"id\":98425567,\"identity\":\"443a3177-ca56-4f2f-b722-70cd88718e84\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:56\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":63,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":12042,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/58341b2d6dca4639ebcaac2f.png\"},{\"id\":98424331,\"identity\":\"eff0f8ec-3a6d-492c-8f85-5a9bbbc452db\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:13\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":64,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":12090,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage3.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/c8cf4076d23d9949e3046d58.png\"},{\"id\":97990998,\"identity\":\"c5388389-14fa-436d-bb8c-294fa24f0810\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":65,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":125580,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage4.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/0670bde459b41fb0ce092b4e.png\"},{\"id\":98423270,\"identity\":\"e409a79c-3093-4774-8565-24ae8b0e1a91\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:02\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":66,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":74521,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage5.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/e22225fafdcb2a08659e1bb3.png\"},{\"id\":97991040,\"identity\":\"ffe66ee1-438d-42c7-8bf3-8487a7bd57ec\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":67,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":59168,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage6.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/6c632748a0bc6e5ac079306f.png\"},{\"id\":97991022,\"identity\":\"7c59f499-ef1e-42d1-adc8-829427933592\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":68,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":127154,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlinefloatimage7.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/c9133f34b55416a0679458dc.png\"},{\"id\":98424731,\"identity\":\"5964d818-90cf-4a9c-bd1e-857ced60a191\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:44\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":69,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":512,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/8468dc592443b348c2b5bdf1.png\"},{\"id\":98424592,\"identity\":\"ade662b2-2f3c-410e-bdb3-9fdd5fa80be2\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:31\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":70,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":300,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage10.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/ec8bbf147da7e6695891fb64.png\"},{\"id\":98424345,\"identity\":\"4e47bacf-d044-4fa1-81af-5a99b007e24e\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:14\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":71,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":281,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage11.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/d1cdf22c1c0c111c6487e528.png\"},{\"id\":98424453,\"identity\":\"e92fd222-9938-4c8b-a658-ea33c7b6ca47\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:22\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":72,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":216,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage12.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/e1df82766b44d5bc02bf77b0.png\"},{\"id\":98424710,\"identity\":\"7b95abc7-60bb-467c-bfdb-c017f932911e\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:43\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":73,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":244,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage13.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/5830c94aa65ba5279055401e.png\"},{\"id\":98424464,\"identity\":\"79648951-3d9c-43a5-a49c-910ce6912ae1\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":74,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":231,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage14.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/a69b1e9c3bbf72c7f3b18e9f.png\"},{\"id\":98423435,\"identity\":\"34aa7d3f-9306-4e8e-8b9e-f101e0a7b81f\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:13\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":75,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":243,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage15.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/a3902a4b9b95b2b760976c8d.png\"},{\"id\":98423625,\"identity\":\"b720c4aa-6ba4-4156-9eb0-d9336991dd2e\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:27\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":76,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":931,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage16.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/00dcf3f7b927d66a019addc0.png\"},{\"id\":97990990,\"identity\":\"ce7cb762-75eb-49be-8676-71d54db6148f\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:54\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":77,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":956,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage17.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/c189f7850326773cad153ddd.png\"},{\"id\":98425208,\"identity\":\"db516118-f334-4f29-baeb-1f48c7bec632\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:31\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":78,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":219,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage18.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/6182965bc55c0f8311d2045e.png\"},{\"id\":98424238,\"identity\":\"d6e0bbec-db15-4109-b5d6-0c6744eb39a5\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:06\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":79,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":274,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage19.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/f27f424d9fc2f7095c30cc67.png\"},{\"id\":98424533,\"identity\":\"58771bf9-1a18-4af8-ba6d-0d3df5f405fb\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:26\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":80,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":729,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/075bdad9afda7c253095c3a5.png\"},{\"id\":98424840,\"identity\":\"9d6368fd-13a3-41f0-9f0f-ca315da08e2a\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:56\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":81,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":274,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage20.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/4db7a605091d8ea38ae4a07e.png\"},{\"id\":98423638,\"identity\":\"736f94a8-1e41-439c-926b-c78863228977\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:28\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":82,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":353,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage21.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/4939ec88bfe800786937f4c7.png\"},{\"id\":97991012,\"identity\":\"2d21de4e-eb35-455e-8da5-8a619942260a\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":83,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":313,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage22.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/fc54660d6f4831cba467e4e8.png\"},{\"id\":97991036,\"identity\":\"1b5e9da6-b7a9-4bae-82df-f6d18294c4f0\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":84,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":673,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage23.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/b0d221ba6eda10f1f6efdd90.png\"},{\"id\":97991059,\"identity\":\"08367b52-b6c4-4a3a-bcfa-507a356b4b96\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:56\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":85,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":550,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage24.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/dfedc1d984303dffaeaa7a2d.png\"},{\"id\":98425619,\"identity\":\"4830fee0-3f2d-43e3-9bcd-fbb1d5c713bb\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:59\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":86,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":681,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage25.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/c04453859ba0d0fc671fd10a.png\"},{\"id\":97991028,\"identity\":\"eec25c36-054f-413c-b4e1-f6bf03222b41\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":87,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":243,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage15.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/46d2660bf138cb7cb80d3534.png\"},{\"id\":97991011,\"identity\":\"32c1f5e3-0224-4a26-88f5-23bfa6c02b6e\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":88,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":271,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage27.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/db64abe197f211a63af8b59f.png\"},{\"id\":98424203,\"identity\":\"d6faf220-3fb7-4521-a148-54911102a0a8\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:05\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":89,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":268,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage28.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/1ddb7ba40fd42adb0bbd2535.png\"},{\"id\":97991030,\"identity\":\"435dd547-02d5-42b1-8967-fb89f9d2ed14\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":90,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":769,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage29.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/8810bfe83e3aec8de22163f0.png\"},{\"id\":97991062,\"identity\":\"5593fd62-0aad-4285-a45b-ef283272d5dc\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:56\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":91,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":219,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage18.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/ca7702dd38f9eeda62afdd53.png\"},{\"id\":97991075,\"identity\":\"1f608ee3-4b5a-40ce-a4af-8350db110162\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:57\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":92,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":790,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage30.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/f93eb45fca3c7dab8fd590c5.png\"},{\"id\":98423186,\"identity\":\"37853da3-6e83-41a7-a29b-fc8adc0e8bec\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:31:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":93,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":813,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage31.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/3530a3d50feb80668532bbdc.png\"},{\"id\":98425724,\"identity\":\"a4fcba32-bd3e-4375-8b42-85a0dde05e88\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:35:08\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":94,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":339,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage32.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/cf3dfcd9011ef56ffac17104.png\"},{\"id\":97991014,\"identity\":\"fea84c86-2090-46b2-97f5-5554e01d5758\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":95,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":354,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage33.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/29c8cd22c59f4a2e14ede93a.png\"},{\"id\":98424368,\"identity\":\"e6d69ae3-41d2-4529-9de2-96637589b5a6\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:16\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":96,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":339,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage34.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/2f54bf9bebe57893ca00660e.png\"},{\"id\":97991057,\"identity\":\"b5ff9bc3-adfd-43d1-9bd7-c35191625b9e\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:56\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":97,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":341,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage35.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/c70eb65db4fa5eeb2f59db6c.png\"},{\"id\":98424579,\"identity\":\"7341e5f8-023e-4b42-88ac-264630e05bea\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:31\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":98,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":356,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage36.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/7cda16217b657b5642692c1f.png\"},{\"id\":97991018,\"identity\":\"d644cf50-8e6a-459d-90e9-5f0560c873ce\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":99,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":346,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage37.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/9f8c387fac295ac87c85169b.png\"},{\"id\":97991038,\"identity\":\"f8e6097a-a676-4b4b-b4a8-1f674ee893cb\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":100,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":303,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage38.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/71dc1e55cf0859db7f60985c.png\"},{\"id\":97991047,\"identity\":\"f3d602ad-2cba-4d65-a60d-c62a27e89eae\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:56\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":101,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":326,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage39.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/5833f27c1f5b8d7a850bc640.png\"},{\"id\":98424512,\"identity\":\"8ea5227f-f6b6-406f-a793-728c34ed4a7c\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:25\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":102,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":258,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage4.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/f7c0fbc4a3e9066ba3b5818d.png\"},{\"id\":98424481,\"identity\":\"48146c2f-9cac-49ca-99ec-a971e317adb9\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":103,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":326,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage39.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/fd59c5b8b78dfd4318d7fac4.png\"},{\"id\":98423728,\"identity\":\"e4a38d26-beda-45de-98b8-ca3f24184b1c\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:33\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":104,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":313,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage22.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/c965b276c9dcda8fb7865656.png\"},{\"id\":98425011,\"identity\":\"dea69a66-5511-4094-a0be-4f45796c31f7\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:34:10\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":105,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":821,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage42.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/97a8ec8ecfdbedd726d46ace.png\"},{\"id\":97991056,\"identity\":\"ff8be8cc-6ae8-41d8-bbbb-74b692e5589f\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:56\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":106,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":832,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage43.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/add59a57da2e81516c17fc98.png\"},{\"id\":98424547,\"identity\":\"56be1c31-88d0-4909-ae8a-acfd8c8bcaf6\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:28\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":107,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":842,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage44.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/f5c6ef78b061e63942d4cfba.png\"},{\"id\":97991073,\"identity\":\"d198a7d4-f6bb-4e0d-b3d3-a2ce5b3cd46f\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:57\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":108,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":331,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage45.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/f431533969b4e39a2a2e2815.png\"},{\"id\":98424256,\"identity\":\"0f3451dd-9a5a-4ce9-9cb1-29c839d8f12d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:07\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":109,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":344,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage46.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/66a77a41d01f2b76744f3de8.png\"},{\"id\":98424693,\"identity\":\"a998cddf-c7a3-43a9-88a2-cddf02258e01\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:42\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":110,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":339,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage47.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/d9003a503117e680e545d0eb.png\"},{\"id\":97991016,\"identity\":\"a56c6693-39aa-4015-b7bf-3f657f029acd\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:55\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":111,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":895,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage48.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/05789144ad66e961126c1546.png\"},{\"id\":98424543,\"identity\":\"7f4a8749-4a9c-4237-9bfa-2920129a52d3\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:26\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":112,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1649,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage49.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/4fe18f4664e0533c6e457d4e.png\"},{\"id\":98424466,\"identity\":\"83f1a1b3-ad64-45e6-95a1-16cf4a1d0353\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:23\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":113,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":219,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage18.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/44db649bea3efc350b241fe7.png\"},{\"id\":97991053,\"identity\":\"243767af-cdae-4ac0-a5e0-0e696422d885\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:56\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":114,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1044,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage50.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/3d238d2438dbce508eaa9034.png\"},{\"id\":98423490,\"identity\":\"6d40b554-43bd-4e88-a9dd-6191ca526c23\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:17\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":115,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":398,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage51.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/2dfd0cad09be2cb7876b29bf.png\"},{\"id\":97991074,\"identity\":\"897e6af2-853c-4080-8ff1-f8b4f029ebc9\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:57\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":116,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":374,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage52.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/306b4d4c3f0b0d6d7fd443a0.png\"},{\"id\":98423858,\"identity\":\"a91dcb59-690b-456b-ab7f-f6c72b369615\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:42\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":117,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":254,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage6.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/76a5acf56be6cd2eb819ef7c.png\"},{\"id\":97991071,\"identity\":\"a7e40864-63c9-4e0a-9880-25431f261f5b\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:56\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":118,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":231,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage14.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/6cb8aa17a80face523411107.png\"},{\"id\":98424614,\"identity\":\"03a5b824-d39f-4150-be68-45c362269a6d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:33:33\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":119,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":243,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage15.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/b4f54bf035d6323257b31765.png\"},{\"id\":98423821,\"identity\":\"8f997f75-ea4b-4870-9343-b011b095c4b2\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-17 16:32:39\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":120,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":1912,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Onlineimage9.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/20cb998d687346d28997420a.png\"},{\"id\":97991068,\"identity\":\"0e63e51a-2bf4-44c3-ba9b-3442d2d1c2bc\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:56\",\"extension\":\"xml\",\"order_by\":121,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":114195,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"d7cd39389a69400e9dc3a95d3c7ac7c31structuring.xml\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/f25c16fbac25c3c638d5f344.xml\"},{\"id\":97991045,\"identity\":\"4fe9dba7-9cc5-4bb5-90a2-6a6b515dc9f6\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:56\",\"extension\":\"html\",\"order_by\":122,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"acdc-reference\",\"size\":127682,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"earlyproof.html\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1/ab1941f24862e79a74d73967.html\"},{\"id\":98631235,\"identity\":\"9b890a01-6918-4ec3-ac96-6249e7cf0276\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-12-19 17:19:31\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":1233548,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"FluidPropertyIdentificationofCatBoostModelBasedonGreyWolfOptimizationAlgorithm.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7526564/v1_covered_e1a28786-9817-4dc9-acd4-2ddfa7ed0a55.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Fluid Property Identification of CatBoost Model Based on Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":false,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":true,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"scientific-reports\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"scirep\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"\",\"title\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Complicated reservoirs, CatBoost, Fluid identification, Grey wolf optimization algorithm, GWO-CatBoost, Parameter intelligent optimization, Well-logging\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7526564/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7526564/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eLow porosity and permeability reservoirs play an important role in the development of oil and gas resources. This kind of reservoir has strong heterogeneity, complex pore structure, and unclear characteristics of log responses. Conventional methods, therefore, are difficult to identify its fluid properties. This study explores the adoption of GWO-CatBoost model for fluid properties\\u0026rsquo; identification. Firstly, the GWO algorithm is used to globally optimize the core parameters of the CatBoost model, thereby enhancing the generalization performance and predictive accuracy of the model. Secondly, the logging curves of the study area were input into the optimized model to achieve high-precision fluid property identification. To test the validity of this method, this study selected CatBoost model, random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and LightGBM model for comparative experiments. The findings show that the GWO-CatBoost model has superior accuracy of fluid identification, reaching 92.78%, which is significantly improved compared with other models. This provides a new idea for fluid identification in low porosity and permeability reservoirs.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Fluid Property Identification of CatBoost Model Based on Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:47\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7526564/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0},{\"type\":\"decision\",\"content\":\"Revision requested\",\"date\":\"2026-01-07T14:34:08+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-12-23T19:53:44+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-12-19T14:49:55+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-12-11T13:21:37+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"185768826112648967878301636810141539325\",\"date\":\"2025-12-10T08:40:12+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"74734297026766549857977773554786775648\",\"date\":\"2025-12-09T09:07:26+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"206778003508827575710020088693726067557\",\"date\":\"2025-12-09T05:16:31+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"283668102866401371089567606338718469346\",\"date\":\"2025-12-07T05:02:18+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"169619468638305132329963438668894537655\",\"date\":\"2025-12-07T02:49:34+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewersInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-12-07T02:22:28+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-10-21T05:49:39+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorAssigned\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-09-08T05:13:14+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"checksComplete\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-09-05T01:56:24+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"submitted\",\"content\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"date\":\"2025-09-03T11:31:01+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"scientific-reports\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"scirep\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"\",\"title\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"ed5a33c2-d786-4cd4-9429-d201946e9be8\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"December 11th, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"under-review\",\"subjectAreas\":[{\"id\":59406157,\"name\":\"Physical sciences/Energy science and technology\"},{\"id\":59406158,\"name\":\"Physical sciences/Engineering\"},{\"id\":59406159,\"name\":\"Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing\"},{\"id\":59406160,\"name\":\"Earth and environmental sciences/Solid earth sciences\"}],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2026-05-22T12:24:30+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-12-11 14:35:47\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-7526564\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-7526564\",\"identity\":\"rs-7526564\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}