{"paper_id":"17393263-fb64-47a9-9c1f-6f650cfff0c8","body_text":"Liquid State Properties and Solidification Features of the Pseudo Binary BaS-La2S3 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Liquid State Properties and Solidification Features of the Pseudo Binary BaS-La2S3 Charles Boury, Antoine Allanore This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-333629/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The high temperature thermodynamic properties of chalcogenides materials based on BaS remain elusive, and herein the La2S3 pseudo binary system is investigated above 1573 K. The liquid properties of BaS-La2S3 are measured by means of high resolution in-situ visualization coupled with thermal arrest measurements in a thermal imaging furnace. This enables to report for the first observation of such melts in a containerless setting. The melting points of BaS and La2S3 are revisited at 2454 K and 2004 K respectively. La2S3 demonstrates a high stability in its liquid state, in strike difference with the sublimation observed for BaS. BaS is however partially stabilized with the addition of few percents of La2S3.The remarkable chemical and thermal stability of La2S3-rich samples, contrasts with the partial decomposition and high vapor pressure observed for BaS-rich samples. Observations and analysis of the solidified samples suggests three different solid solutions. Solid and liquid densities are investigated along the different compositions, supporting a first estimate of the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient for La2S3. Materials Engineering high temperature thermodynamic chalcogenides materials pseudo binary system Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 13 May, 2021 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Apr, 2021 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Apr, 2021 Reviews received at journal 05 Apr, 2021 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Mar, 2021 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Mar, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 18 Mar, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 18 Mar, 2021 Editor invited by journal 16 Mar, 2021 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Mar, 2021 First submitted to journal 15 Mar, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-333629\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":16839167,\"identity\":\"6a43f6f3-06d5-4756-91f7-e7192ef6d618\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Charles Boury\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"submittingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Charles\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Boury\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":16839169,\"identity\":\"c6cabb3f-4341-4162-867b-cb65a2429797\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Antoine Allanore\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACduYGMM3PwAhiMBOhhZkRokWygbGxgTQtBgfA1hChhb+ZsfFzQcU9OeNrh9sfMFRYJzYQ0iJxmLFZesaZYmOz24lAh51JJ6yF4TBjgzRvW0LiNpAWxrbDhLXIA235DdRSv3k2SMs/IrQYHGZsA9mSYCAN0tJAhBZDoBZrnjMJhjOADpuRcCzdmKAWuePNh2/zVCTI889Of/DhQ421LEEtqCCBNOWjYBSMglEwCnABAPbuP4CjROHxAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"submittingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Antoine\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Allanore\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2021-03-15 22:59:03\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-333629/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-333629/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":7243190,\"identity\":\"bf349ffe-2747-40f0-b99f-30e6a3a5bcaf\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-03-22 21:05:08\",\"extension\":\"jpg\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"Figure 1\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":156406,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"Picture of a liquid La2S3 droplet pending from its solid formed in the Thermal Imaging Furnace. (Camera Watec equipped with a UV filter)\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Fig1.jpg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-333629/v1/a1459587a619f90dcee6a0a2.jpg\"},{\"id\":7242660,\"identity\":\"ea36fe0e-b612-44e4-8ffa-31ddfa3931e9\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-03-22 20:59:07\",\"extension\":\"jpg\",\"order_by\":2,\"title\":\"Figure 2\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":70979,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"Example of the thermal trace obtained from the thermocouple located into BaS sample. The two dotted lines are used to evaluate the melting point.\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Fig2.jpg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-333629/v1/ea7963e694d5d5afc5f6d490.jpg\"},{\"id\":7242670,\"identity\":\"844a6603-76ad-446d-950a-126d34a2cd75\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-03-22 20:59:09\",\"extension\":\"jpg\",\"order_by\":3,\"title\":\"Figure 3\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":140638,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"Study of the variation of the shape of the droplets during an experiment at constant temperature. Pictures of (BaS)0:25-(La2S3)0:75 droplet shape (a) at the beginning, (b) during, (c) at the end of the experiment; (BaS)0:75-(La2S3)0:25\\ndroplet shape (d) at the beginning, (e) during, (f) at the end of the experiment. (Camera Watec equipped with a UV filter)\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Fig3.jpg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-333629/v1/2107e95e5fe88f44b621fa1f.jpg\"},{\"id\":7243129,\"identity\":\"b84184f5-d702-4b2f-805f-7b58ba8a4874\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-03-22 21:02:08\",\"extension\":\"jpg\",\"order_by\":4,\"title\":\"Figure 4\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":91972,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"SEM (JEOL JSM- 6610LV, JEOL Ltd.) images of (BaS)0:25-(La2S3)0:75 solidified droplets maintained at (a) 2023 K and (b) 1896 K; (BaS)0:75-(La2S3)0:25 droplets maintained at (c) 2233 K and (d) 2129 K.\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Fig4.jpg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-333629/v1/a3e92d9249b27af8d8dd267a.jpg\"},{\"id\":7242659,\"identity\":\"12012d93-507a-43d8-9047-45c3d5a117a8\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-03-22 20:59:07\",\"extension\":\"jpg\",\"order_by\":5,\"title\":\"Figure 5\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":90097,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"(a) SEM equipped with a single EDS detector images of (BaS)0:25-(La2S3)0:75 sample acknowledging a single macro-phase; (b) zoom on the red rectangle to observe the f1 and f3 phase separation on a micro-scale for (BaS)0:25-(La2S3)0:75 sample.\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Fig5.jpg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-333629/v1/0e7c9e9c98f37ad0fc64df8b.jpg\"},{\"id\":7242668,\"identity\":\"6a17114b-79d6-4927-9820-57890017b5b2\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-03-22 20:59:09\",\"extension\":\"jpg\",\"order_by\":6,\"title\":\"Figure 6\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":132314,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"please see the manuscript file for the full caption\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Fig6.jpg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-333629/v1/cb0567ff88541bb718106a14.jpg\"},{\"id\":7243131,\"identity\":\"4fdcbc48-a324-4449-a44f-ae2cc31999a1\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-03-22 21:02:09\",\"extension\":\"jpg\",\"order_by\":7,\"title\":\"Figure 7\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":67411,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"Pictures of La2S3 droplet at (a) 2063K, (b) 2051K, (c) 2032K, (d) 2017K allowing the visualization of the variation of volume in temperature above the melting point and therefore the determination of the volumetric isobaric thermal expansion coefficient. (Camera Watec equipped with a UV filter)\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Fig7.jpg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-333629/v1/3a7949e64bd3d04835dea43a.jpg\"},{\"id\":7242664,\"identity\":\"2dcc899d-2904-44ba-b6dd-7a6a709cae35\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-03-22 20:59:09\",\"extension\":\"jpg\",\"order_by\":8,\"title\":\"Figure 8\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":69223,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"please see the manuscript file for the full caption\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Fig8.jpg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-333629/v1/24f9a1ffbd974fdda31c53a3.jpg\"},{\"id\":13611608,\"identity\":\"769dfe92-ea80-4752-9232-61c83671349c\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-09-17 06:29:22\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":3510777,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"2019PaperScientificReports2.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-333629/v1_covered.pdf\"},{\"id\":7243221,\"identity\":\"bd4a905a-cc8f-4e46-bfe7-fc41152b562a\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2021-03-22 21:08:13\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":3053534,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"2019PaperScientificReports2.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-333629/v1_stamped.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eLiquid State Properties and Solidification Features of the Pseudo Binary BaS-La2S3\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"Full Text\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThis preprint is available for \\u003ca href='/article/rs-333629/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\\u003edownload as a PDF\\u003c/a\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":false,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":true,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"scientific-reports\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"scirep\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"\",\"title\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"high temperature thermodynamic, chalcogenides materials, pseudo binary system\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-333629/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-333629/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThe high temperature thermodynamic properties of chalcogenides materials based on BaS remain elusive, and herein the La2S3 pseudo binary system is investigated above 1573 K. The liquid properties of BaS-La2S3 are measured by means of high resolution in-situ visualization coupled with thermal arrest measurements in a thermal imaging furnace. This enables to report for the first observation of such melts in a containerless setting. The melting points of BaS and La2S3 are revisited at 2454 K and 2004 K respectively. La2S3 demonstrates a high stability in its liquid state, in strike difference with the sublimation observed for BaS. BaS is however partially stabilized with the addition of few percents of La2S3.The remarkable chemical and thermal stability of La2S3-rich samples, contrasts with the partial decomposition and high vapor pressure observed for BaS-rich samples. Observations and analysis of the solidified samples suggests three different solid solutions. 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