{"paper_id":"152e1d1d-61e6-4ed9-9e69-2a449507f28f","body_text":"Abstract\nDienogest (DNG), is an effective and widely used progestin used in the treatment of endometriosis, yet clinically, a subset of cases show resistance to DNG treatment. During a previous investigation on the effect of DNG of cytokines and growth factor production, we incidentally found that endometriotic cyst fluid did not demonstrate inhibitory effects to DNG in a subset of cases. To clarify the mechanisms of this resistance to DNG, we performed proteomics analysis to compare the protein expression between DNG-sensitive and resistant cases. Based upon our results, several proteins were extracted that relate to neutrophil granulocyte activation marker (myeloperoxidase, lactotransferrin), inflammation (azurocidin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, etc.), and others biological processes reflecting the clinical environment of the endometriotic cyst. Among these proteins, azurocidin (AZU) is perhaps most interesting one as azurocidin is a protease that cleaves insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGFBP-1) associated with clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. We propose that the proteins extracted in the present study warrant further investigation in their relationship to carcinogenesis of endometrioma.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nGiudice LC, Kao LC. Endometriosis. Lancet. 2004;364:1789–99.\nFuldeore MJ, Soliman AM. Prevalence and symptomatic burden of diagnosed endometriosis in the United States: National estimates from a cross-sectional survet of 59,411 women. Gynecolobstet Invest. 2017;82:453–61.\nKennedy S, Bergqvist A, Chapron C, D’Hooghe T, Dunselman G, Greb R, Hummelshoj L, Prentice A, Saridogan E; ESHRE Special Interest Group for Endometriosis and Endometrium Guideline Development Group. ESHRE guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. 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J ReprodImmunol. 2011;91:64–70.\nAcknowledgement\nThis work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 18K09236.\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nEthics declarations\nConflict of interest\nThere is no conflict of interest about this study.\nEthical approval\nThis study was approved by the institutional review board (673-02; Faculty of Medicine Research Ethics Committee, Kyorin University).\nAdditional information\nPublisher's Note\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nRights and permissions\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nKobayashi, Y., Fukutomi, T., Mita, S. et al. Identification of biomarkers for drug-resistant endometriosis using clinical proteomics. Human Cell 34, 394–399 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13577-020-00465-0\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nVersion of record:\nIssue date:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13577-020-00465-0","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}