{"paper_id":"14b2c31d-3b1d-4408-bb67-302df72826b3","body_text":"Abstract\nPurpose\nMenopause has been associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study primarily aimed to evaluate changes in non-invasive indices of hepatic steatosis in premenopausal women with endometriosis after treatment with goserelin, resulting in pharmacologic menopause.\nMethods\nThis was a post-hoc study of an interventional study. Non-invasive indices of hepatic steatosis and, secondarily, fibrosis were calculated in premenopausal women with endometriosis (intervention group, n = 21) before (baseline), 6 months after goserelin treatment (estrogen-deficient period), and 6 months after goserelin discontinuation (estrogen replenishment period). Matched premenopausal women were recruited for baseline comparisons (control group, n = 27). Steatosis was evaluated using the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), Triglyceride/Glucose Index (TyG), TyG-Body Mass Index (BMI), Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein (TG/HDL), Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (MetS-IR), Dallas Steatosis Index (DSI), and Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI), and fibrosis with BMI – Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)/Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Ratio Diabetes Mellitus (BARD).\nResults\nThe non-invasive indices of hepatic steatosis and BARD were similar between patients and controls at baseline and did not significantly change after goserelin treatment, except for MetS-IR, which showed an overall significant change (p = 0.04); however, in pairwise comparisons after Bonferroni correction, no significant difference in MetS-IR was observed between baseline (34.8 ± 7.7), 6 months (33.3 ± 9.0), and endpoint (35.0 ± 8.1) values. As expected, the lipid profiles and insulin resistance worsened during the study.\nConclusion\nNon-invasive hepatic steatosis and BARD indices were not significantly affected by estrogen deficiency caused by 6-month goserelin treatment in premenopausal women with endometriosis.\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nData availability\nNo datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.\nReferences\nM.E. Rinella, J.V. Lazarus, V. Ratziu, S.M. Francque, A.J. Sanyal, F. Kanwal, D. Romero, M.F. Abdelmalek, Q.M. Anstee, J.P. Arab, M. Arrese, R. Bataller, U. Beuers, J. Boursier, E. Bugianesi, C.D. Byrne, G.E. Castro Narro, A. Chowdhury, H. Cortez-Pinto, D.R. Cryer, K. Cusi, M. El-Kassas, S. Klein, W. Eskridge, J. Fan, S. Gawrieh, C.D. Guy, S.A. Harrison, S.U. Kim, B.G. Koot, M. Korenjak, K.V. Kowdley, F. Lacaille, R. Loomba, R. Mitchell-Thain, T.R. Morgan, E.E. Powell, M. Roden, M. Romero-Gomez, M. Silva, S.P. Singh, S.C. Sookoian, C.W. Spearman, D. Tiniakos, L. Valenti, M.B. 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Drafting the article: Dimitrios A. Anastasilakis. Revising the article critically for important intellectual content: All authors. Final approval of the submitted version: All authors. Agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved: All authors.\nCorresponding author\nEthics declarations\nEthical approval\nThe study was approved by the ethics committee of the 424 General Military Hospital (16329/04-09-2018). All procedures performed in the study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.\nInformed consent\nInformed consent was retrospectively obtained from all participants for the use of their data for the purpose of the study.\nConflict of interest\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\nAdditional information\nPublisher’s note\nSpringer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\nSupplementary Information\nBelow is the link to the electronic supplementary material.\nRights and permissions\nSpringer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.\nAbout this article\nCite this article\nAnastasilakis, D.A., Anastasilakis, A.D., Gkiomisi, A. et al. Effect of Goserelin acetate on non-invasive indices of hepatic steatosis in women with endometriosis. Endocrine 91, 12 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-025-04511-5\nReceived:\nAccepted:\nPublished:\nVersion of record:\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-025-04511-5","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}