{"paper_id":"13cb344c-fd47-497b-acbb-e43b30671b32","body_text":"Data Paper (Biosciences)\nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025\nPublished in a RIO article collection by decision of the collection editors.\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720\nERGA-BGE Reference Genome of Gluvia dorsalis: An\nEndemic Sun Spider from Iberian Arid Regions\n Jesus Lozano-Fernandez,  Marc Domènech, Attila Ibos,  Thomas Marcussen,  Torsten H.\nStruck,  Rebekah Oomen,  Astrid Böhne,  Rita Monteiro,  Laura Aguilera, Marta Gut,\nFrancisco Câmara Ferreira,  Fernando Cruz, Jèssica Gómez-Garrido,  Tyler S. Alioto,  Leanne\nHaggerty,  Swati Sinha, Fergal Martin,  Diego De Panis\n\nERGA-BGE Genome Report - Gluvia dorsalis\n \n \n1 \nGENOME REPORT \nERGA-BGE Reference Genome of Gluvia dorsalis : An \nEndemic Sun Spider from Iberian Arid Regions \nJesus Lozano -Fernandez1,2, Marc Domènech 1,2, Attila Ibos 3, Thomas \nMarcussen4,5, Torsten H. Struck 4, Rebekah Oomen 4,5,6,7,8, Astrid Böhne 9, Rita \nMonteiro9, Laura Aguilera 10,11, Marta Gut 10,11, Francisco Câmara Ferreira 10,11, \nFernando Cruz 10,11, Jèssica Gómez -Garrido10,11, Tyler S. Alioto 10,11, Leanne \nHaggerty12, Swati Sinha12, Fergal Martin12, Diego De Panis13,14* \n1 Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. \nDiagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain \n2 Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 64 5, 08028 \nBarcelona, Catalonia, Spain \n3 La Prenyanosa, Lleida, Spain \n4 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway  \n5 Centre for Ecological & Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371, Oslo , Norway \n6 Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick Saint John, 100 Tucker Park Road, E2K5E2, \nSaint John, Canada \n7 Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Hättebäcksvägen 7, 45296, Gothenburg, Sweden  \n8 Centre for Coastal Research, University of Agder, Universitetsveien 25, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway  \n9 Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 \nBonn, Germany \n10 Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), C/Baldiri Reixac, 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain \n11 Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain \n12 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, \nHinxton, Cambridge, UK \n13 Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany \n14 Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research (BeGenDiv), Königin -Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195 Berlin, \nGermany \n* To whom correspondence should be addressed: panis@izw-berlin.de \nAbstract \nThe reference genome of Gluvia dorsalis is the first of its order Solifugae (sun spiders), offering insights \ninto adaptations to arid environments and the evolutionary history of arachnids. The entirety of the \ngenome sequence was assembled into 5 contiguous chromosomal pseudomolecules. This chromosome-\nlevel assembly encompasses 787  Mb, composed of 51 contigs and 10 scaffolds (including the \nmitogenome), with contig and scaffold N50 values of 38 Mb and 199 Mb, respectively. \nKeywords \nGluvia dorsalis , genome assembly, European Reference Genome Atlas, Biodiversity Genomics Europe, Earth \nBiogenome Project, Arachnida, Solifugae, Daesiidae, Araña camello ibérica, Aranya camell ibèrica\nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720\n\nERGA-BGE Genome Report - Gluvia dorsalis\n \n \n2 \nIntroduction  \nGluvia dorsalis (Latreille, 1817) is a member of \nthe Daesiidae family within the arachnid order \nSolifugae. Members of this group, commonly \nknown as sun spiders or camel spiders, inhabit \narid environments, particularly warm deserts \nwith sparse vegetation, and are rarely found in \nEurope. Only two species of sun sp iders are \nknown to be present in Western Europe: Gluvia \ndorsalis, endemic to the arid regions of Spain \nand Portugal, and G. brunnea  Pertegal, \nBarranco, De Mas, and Moya -Laraño, 2024, \nrecently described in a small region of southern \nSpain (Pertegal et al., 2024). Gluvia dorsalis is \na ground -dwelling arachnid that can reach \nbetween 15 and 22 mm in length, with females \nbeing larger than males. Although not \nvenomous, it is a fast -moving nocturnal \npredator that usually hides under stones during \ndaytime. It has a yellow, orange, or reddish \nprosoma and legs, and a dark abdomen. The two \npedipalps are highly developed, and they bear a \nmembranous suctorial organ at the tips that \nallows the sun spider to capture prey and climb \nsmooth surfaces. The diet of G. dorsalis  \nincludes mainly ants and spiders (Hrušková-\nMartišová et al., 2010) , although it can \npotentially consume a wider range of prey. Sun \nspiders possess powerful pincer-like chelicerae \nprojected forward that allow them to capture \nand consume large prey. Gluvia dorsalis can be \ndistinguished from its relative G. brunnea  \nmainly by its coloration. While G. dorsalis has \nyellow areas in the palps and legs, G. brunnea \nis dorsally completely brown. In addition, \nmature individuals of G. brunnea  bear a \nhypertrophied seta on the basal and internal part \nof coxa, which is absent in G. dorsalis. These \nrecent findings indicate the potential for greater \ngenetic diversity in sun spiders than previously \nassumed, though further investigation is needed \nto confirm this interpretation. \n \nDeveloping a high -quality reference genome \nfor G. dorsalis  is crucial for two reasons. \nFirstly, thi s information will help to improve \nour understanding of genomic adaptations to \nextreme environments, in particular to \nextremely hot and dry regions. Moreover, \ngaining a better knowledge of the genomics of \nthis sun spider is relevant to understanding the \ndistribution patterns of this species in particular, \nas well as the global distribution of sun spiders \nin general. Secondly, evolutionary relationships \nwithin arachnids are still among the most \nchallenging phylogenetic relationships to \nresolve within animals  (Lozano-Fernandez et \nal., 2019; Ballesteros et al., 2022) . This is du e \nto the old origin of the group, the rapid radiation \nof all their orders, and the multiple Whole \nGenome Duplication (WGD) events that some \nof these groups have undergone, some \nindependent and some shared between orders \n(Leite et al., 2018) . In the present study, we \npresent the first genome at the chromosome \nlevel for any species from the order Solifugae, \nwhich will allow us to test whether this group \nof arachnids has undergone WGD. Moreover, it \nwill greatly help to locate the position of this \ngroup, still poorly represented in genetic \ndatabases, within the arachnid tree of life. \n \nThe generation of this reference resource was \ncoordinated by the European Reference \nGenome Atlas (ERGA) initiative’s Biodiversity \nGenomics Europe (BGE) project, supporting \nERGA’s aims of promoting transnational \ncooperation to promote advances in the \napplication of genomics technologies to protect \nand restore biodiversity (Mazzoni et al., 2023). \nThis species falls within the regional reach of \nthe Catalan Initiative for the Earth BioGenome \nProject (CBP), which is linked to ERGA \n(Corominas et al., 2024). \n \nMaterials & Methods \nERGA's sequencing strategy includes Oxford \nNanopore Technology (ONT) and/or Pacific \nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720\n\nERGA-BGE Genome Report - Gluvia dorsalis\n \n \n3 \nBiosciences (PacBio) for long-read sequencing, \nalong with Hi -C sequencing for chromosomal \narchitecture, Illumina Paired -End (PE) for \npolishing (i.e. r ecommended for ONT -only \nassemblies), and RNA sequencing for \ntranscriptomic profiling, to facilitate genome \nassembly and annotation.  \nSample and Sampling Information  \nOn August 1 st, 2023, an adult individual of G. \ndorsalis (sex undetermined, however, \nmorphological appearance suggested a female \nspecimen) was sampled by Attila Ibos. The \nspecies was first identified morphologically by \nMarc Domènech and confirmed through COI \nbarcoding by Jesus Lozano -Fernandez from \nUniversitat de Barcelona. The specimen was \ncaught directly with a plastic tube from the \nground in Prenyanosa, Lleida (Catalonia, \nSpain). Sampling was conducted under the \npermit SF/0117/23, issued by the Catalan \nGovernment. The specimen's tissues (e.g.: \ncephalothorax, abdomen, and legs) were snap -\nfrozen immediately after harvesting and stored \nin liquid nitrogen until DNA extraction. \nVouchering information \nFrozen reference tissue material from the \nsequenced individual (Figure 1) is available at \nthe Biobank of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias \nNaturales in Madrid (Spain) under the voucher \nID MNCN -ADN 151.722. Physical reference \nmaterial from another individual of the same \npopulation has been deposited in the same \nmuseum under the accession number \nMNCN20.02/22140. \nData Availability \nGluvia dorsalis and the related genomic study \nwere assigned to Tree of Life identifier (ToLID) \n'qqGluDors1' and all sample, sequence, and \nassembly information are available under the \numbrella BioProject PRJEB76507. The sample \ninformation is available  at the following \nBioSample accessions: SAMEA115728209, \nSAMEA114558560, and SAMEA114558561. \nThe genome assembly is accessible from  ENA \nunder accession number GCA_964187665.1 \nand the annotated genome is available through \nthe Ensembl Rapid Release page \n(projects.ensembl.org/erga-bge). Sequencing data \nproduced as part of this project are available \nfrom ENA at the following accessions: \nERX13168338, ERX12623869, \nERX13168339, and ERX12623871. \nDocumentation related to the genome assembly \nand curation can be found in the ERGA \nAssembly Report (EAR) document available at \ngithub.com/ERGA-\nconsortium/EARs/tree/main/Assembly_Reports/Gl\nuvia_dorsalis/qqGluDors1. Further details and \ndata about the project are hosted on the ERGA \nportal at portal.erga-\nbiodiversity.eu/organism/SAMEA114558555. \nGenetic Information \nThe estimated genome size, based on ancestral \ntaxa is 1.1 Gb, while the estimation based on \nreads kmer profiling is 0.79 Gb. This is a diploid \ngenome with a haploid number of 5 \nchromosomes (2n=10). Information for this \nspecies was retrieved from Genomes on a Tree \n(Challis et al., 2023). \nDNA/RNA processing \nDNA was extracted from the cephalothorax and \nabdomen using the Blood & Cell Culture DNA \nMini Kit (Qiagen) following the manufacturer’s \ninstructions. DNA quantification was \nperformed using a Qubit dsDNA BR Assay Kit \n(Thermo Fisher Scientific), and DNA integrity \nwas assessed using a F emtopulse system \n(Genomic DNA 165 Kb Kit, Agilent). DNA \nwas stored at 4ºC until use. \nRNA was extracted using an RNeasy Mini Kit \n(Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s \ninstructions. RNA was extracted from two \ndifferent specimen body parts: leg and \ncephalothorax. RNA quantification was \nperformed using the Qubit RNA BR Kit and \nRNA integrity was assessed using a \nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720\n\nERGA-BGE Genome Report - Gluvia dorsalis\n \n \n4 \nBioanalyzer 2100 system (Eukaryote Total \nRNA Pico Kit, Agilent). RNA was pooled in a \n1:5 (leg:cephalothorax) ratio before library \npreparation and stored at -80ºC until use. \nLibrary Preparation and  Sequencing  \nA long -read whole genome library was \nprepared using the SQK -LSK114 kit and \nsequenced on a PromethION P24 A series \ninstrument (Oxford Nanopore Technologies). \nFor short -read whole genome sequencing  \n(WGS), a library was constructed with the \nKAPA Hyper Prep Kit (Roche) for subsequent \nsequencing on an Illumina platform. Hi -C \nlibrary preparation, using cephalothorax and leg \ntissue, was conducted with the ARIMA High \nCoverage Hi -C Kit (Arima) and further \nprocessed with the KAPA Hyper Prep Kit for \nIllumina sequencing (Roche). The RNA library, \ngenerated from the pooled sample, was \nprepared with the KAPA mRNA Hyper Prep \nKit (Roche). All short -read libraries were \nsequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 \ninstrument. In total, 116x Oxford Nanopore, \n102x Illumina WGS shotgun, and 97x HiC data \nwere sequenced to generate the assembly. \nGenome Assembly Methods \nThe genome was assembled using the CNAG \nCLAWS pipeline (Gomez-Garrido, 2024) . \nBriefly, reads were preprocessed for quality and \nlength using Trim Galore v0.6.7 and Filtlong \nv0.2.1, and initial contigs were assembled using \nNextDenovo v2.5.0, followed by polishing of \nthe assembled contigs using HyPo v1.0.3,  \nremoval of retained haplotigs using purge-dups \nv1.2.6 and scaffolding with YaHS v1.2a. \nFinally, assembled scaffolds were curated via \nmanual inspection using Pretext v0.2.5 with the \nRapid Curation Toolkit ( gitlab.com/wtsi-\ngrit/rapid-curation) to remove any false joins and \nincorporate any sequences not automatically \nscaffolded into their respective locations in the \nchromosomal pseudomolecules (or super -\nscaffolds). The mitochondrial genome was \nassembled as a single circular contig of 14,734  \nbp using the FOAM pipeline v0.5 \n(github.com/cnag-aat/FOAM) and included in the \nreleased assembly (GCA_964187665.1). \nSummary analysis of the released assembly was \nperformed using the ERGA -BGE Genome \nReport ASM Galaxy workflow (De Panis, \n2024), incorporating tools such as BUSCO \nv5.5, Merqury v1.3, and others (see reference \nfor the full list of tools). \nGenome Annotation Methods \nA gene set was generated using the Ensembl \nGene Annotation system (Aken et al., 2016) , \nprimarily by aligning publicly available short -\nread RNA -seq data from BioSample: \nSAMEA115728209 to the genome. Gaps in the \nannotation were filled via protein -to-genome \nalignments of a select set of arthropod proteins \nfrom UniProt (The UniProt Consortium, 2019), \nwhich had experimental evidence at the protein \nor transcript level. At each locus, data were \naggregated and consolidated, prioritising \nmodels derived from RNA-seq data, resulting in \na final set of gene models and associated non-\nredundant transcript sets. To distinguish true \nisoforms from fragments, the likelihood of each \nopen reading frame (ORF) was evaluated \nagainst known arthropod proteins. Low-quality \ntranscript models, such as those showing \nevidence of fragmented ORFs, we re removed. \nIn cases where RNA-seq data were fragmented \nor absent, homology data were prioritised, \nfavouring longer transcripts with strong intron \nsupport from short -read data. The resulting \ngene models were classified into three \ncategories: protein -coding, pseudogene, and \nlong non -coding. Models with hits to known \nproteins and few structural abnormalities were \nclassified as protein-coding. Models with hits to \nknown proteins but displaying abnormalities, \nsuch as the absence of a start codon, non -\ncanonical s plicing, unusually small intron \nstructures (<75 bp), or excessive repeat \ncoverage, were reclassified as pseudogenes. \nSingle-exon models with a corresponding \nmulti-exon copy elsewhere in the genome were \nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720\n\nERGA-BGE Genome Report - Gluvia dorsalis\n \n \n5 \nclassified as processed (retrotransposed) \npseudogenes. Models that did not fit any of the \npreviously described categories did not overlap \nprotein-coding genes, and were constructed \nfrom transcriptomic data were considered \npotential lncRNAs. Potential lncRNAs were \nfurther filtered to remove single -exon loci du e \nto their unreliability. Putative miRNAs were \npredicted by performing a BLAST search of \nmiRBase (Kozomara et al., 2019)  against the \ngenome, followed by RNAfold analysis \n(Gruber et al., 2008) . Other small non -coding \nloci were identified by scanning the genome \nwith Rfam (Kalvari et al., 2018) and passing the \nresults through I nfernal (Nawrocki & Eddy, \n2013). Summary analysis of the released \nannotation was performed using the ERGA -\nBGE Genome Report ANNOT Galaxy \nworkflow (De Panis, 2024a) , incorporating \ntools such as AGAT v1.2, OMArk v0.3, and \nothers (see reference for the full list of tools). \nResults \nGenome Assembly \nThe genome assembly had a total length of \n787,034,199 bp in 10 scaffolds including the \nmitogenome (Figures 2 and 3), with a GC \ncontent of 39.73%. It featured a contig N50 of \n37,604,012 bp (L50=8) and a scaffold N50 of \n198,509,873 bp (L50=2). There were 41 gaps, \ntotaling 8,200 kb in cumulative size. The single-\ncopy gene content analysis using the Arachnida \ndatabase with BUSCO resulted in 94.7% \ncompleteness (93.3% single and 1.4% \nduplicated). Additionally, 95.6% of reads k -\nmers were present in the assembly and the \nassembly has a base accuracy Quality Value \n(QV) of 48.05 as calculated by Merqury. \nGenome Annotation \nThe genome annotation consists of 14,266 \nprotein-coding genes with an associated 26,432 \ntranscripts (Table 1). Using the longest isoform \nper transcript, the single -copy gene content \nanalysis using the Arachnida database with \nBUSCO resulted in 94.8% completeness. Using \nthe OMAmer Arachnida database for OMArk \nresulted in 94.09% completeness and 58.06% \nconsistency (Table 2).\n  \nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720\n\nERGA-BGE Genome Report - Gluvia dorsalis\n \n \n6 \n \n \nFigure 1. Electronic voucher image of the sequenced individual of Gluvia dorsalis. The image, along \nwith two others, is available in ERGA's EBI BioImageArchive dataset \n(www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/bioimages/studies/S-BIAD1012?query=ERGA) under accession ID \nSAMEA114558555. \n  \nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720\n\nERGA-BGE Genome Report - Gluvia dorsalis\n \n \n7 \n \n \nTable 1. Statistics from assembled gene models \n No. genes No. \ntranscripts \nMean gene \nlength (bp) \nNo. single-exon \ngenes \nMean exons per \ntranscript \nProtein-coding 14,266 26,439 16,829 325 8.2 \nlncRNA 1,102 1,279 11,580 0 2.5 \ntRNA 817 817 75 817 1.0 \n \nTable 2. Annotation completeness and consistency scores calculated by BUSCO run in protein \nmode (Arachnida) and OMArk (Arachnida) \n Complete Singular Duplicated Fragmented Missing \nBUSCO 2,781 (94.8%) 2,726 (92.9%) 55 (1.9%) 49 (1.7%) 104 (3.5%) \nOMArk 2,726 (94.09%) 2,628 (90.71%) 98 (3.38%) - 171 (5.90%) \n Consistent Inconsistent Contaminants Unknown \nOMArk 8,283 (58.06%) 2,446 (17.15%) 0 (0.00%) 3,537 (24.79%) \n  \nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720\n\nERGA-BGE Genome Report - Gluvia dorsalis\n \n \n8 \n \n \nFigure 2. Snail plot summary of assembly statistics. The main plot is divided into 1,000 size-ordered \nbins around the circumference, with each bin representing 0.1% of the 787,034,199 bp assembly \nincluding the mitochondrial genome. The distribution of sequence lengt hs is shown in dark grey, with \nthe plot radius scaled to the longest sequence present in the assembly (201,641,468 bp, shown in red). \nOrange and pale -orange arcs show the scaffold N50 and N90 sequence lengths (198,509,873 and \n122,092,752 bp), respectively. The pale grey spiral shows the cumulative sequence count on a log-scale, \nwith white scale lines showing successive orders of magnitude. The blue and pale-blue area around the \noutside of the plot shows the distribution of GC, AT, and N percentages in the s ame bins as the inner \nplot. A summary of complete, fragmented, duplicated, and missing BUSCO genes found in the \nassembled genome from the Arachnida database (odb10) is shown on the top right. \n  \nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720\n\nERGA-BGE Genome Report - Gluvia dorsalis\n \n \n9 \n \n \nFigure 3.  Hi-C contact map showing spatial interactions between regions of the genome. The \ndiagonal corresponds to intra-chromosomal contacts, depicting chromosome boundaries. The frequency \nof contacts is shown on a logarithmic heatmap scale. Hi -C matrix bins were merged into a 200 kb bin \nsize for plotting. From the 10 Scaffolds including the mitogenome, only the GenBank names of the five \nchromosomes are shown. \n  \nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720\n\nERGA-BGE Genome Report - Gluvia dorsalis\n \n \n10 \nAcknowledgements \nWe thank Alberto Narro for his willingness to help by providing samples from other popul ations. We \nacknowledge the support of the Freiburg Galaxy Team: Saim Momin and Björn Grüning, \nBioinformatics, University of Freiburg (Germany), funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education \nand Research BMBF grant 031 A538A de.NBI-RBC and the Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts \nBaden-Württemberg (MWK) within the framework of LIBIS/de.NBI Freiburg.  We would like to \nacknowledge the assembly reviewer, Tom Mathers, from the Wellcome Sanger Institute. \nConflict of Interest \nThe authors declare no conflict of interest related to this study. The funding sources had no involvement \nin the study design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in \nthe decision to submit the article for publication. All authors have  participated sufficiently in the work \nto take public responsibility for the content and agree to the submission of this manuscript. \nFunder Information \nBiodiversity Genomics Europe (Grant no.101059492)  is funded by Horizon Europe under the \nBiodiversity, Circular Economy and Environment call (REA.B.3); co -funded by the Swiss State \nSecretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract numbers 22.00173 and \n24.00054; and by the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the Department for Business, Energy \nand Industrial Strategy’s Horizon Europe Guarantee Scheme. This study was partially funded by \n‘Ayudas para Incentivar la Consolidación Investigadora’ (CNS2022 -135805) from the AEI with the \nbudget from ‘Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación’ and ‘Next Generation EU', as well as the project \nPID2022-137753NA-I00. The author MD was also supported by a Margarita Salas contract by the \nSpanish Government. \nAuthor Contributions \nJLF coordinated the project, AI and MD collected the species, MD and JLF identified the species, JLF \nand MD sampled and preserved biological material and provided metadata, RM, TM, RO, THS, and \nAsB provided sampling and metadata support and management, LA and MG extracted DNA, prepared \nlibraries, and performed sequencing, FCF, JGG and FC performed genome assembly and curation under \nthe supervision of TSA. LH, SS, and FM performed genome annotation. DDP generated the analysis \nand report. All authors contributed to the writing, review, and editing of this genome note and read and \napproved the final version.\n \nLiterature Cited\nBallesteros, J. A., Santibáñez-López, C. E., Baker, C. M., Benavides, L. R., Cunha, T. J., Gainett, G., \nOntano, A. Z., Setton, E. V. W., Arango, C. P., Gavish-Regev, E., Harvey, M. S., Wheeler, W. \nC., Hormiga, G., Giribet, G., & Sharma, P. P. (2022). Comprehensive Species Sampling and \nSophisticated Algorithmic Approaches Refute the Monophyly of Arachnida. Molecular Biology \nand Evolution, 39(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac021 \nChallis, R., Kumar, S., Sotero-Caio, C., Brown, M., & Blaxter, M. (2023). Genomes on a Tree (GoaT): \nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720\n\nERGA-BGE Genome Report - Gluvia dorsalis\n \n \n11 \nA versatile, scalable search engine for genomic and sequencing project metadata across the \neukaryotic tree of life. Wellcome Open Research , 8, 24. \nhttps://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18658.1 \nCorominas, M., Marquès-Bonet, T., Arnedo, M. A., Bayés, M., Belmonte, J., Escrivà, H., Fernández, \nR., Gabaldón, T., Garnatje, T., Germain, J., Niell, M., Palero, F., Pons, J., Puigdomènech , P., \nInitiative For The Earth BioGenome Project, T. C., Catalan initiative for the Earth BioGenome \nProject, Arroyo, V., Cuevas-Caballé, C., Obiol, J. F., … Guigó, R. (2024). The Catalan initiative \nfor the Earth BioGenome Project: Contributing local data to global biodiversity genomics. NAR \nGenomics and Bioinformatics, 6(3), lqae075. https://doi.org/10.1093/nargab/lqae075 \nDe Panis, D. (2024). ERGA-BGE Genome Report ASM analyses (one -asm WGS Illumina PE + HiC) . \nWorkflowHub. https://doi.org/10.48546/WORKFLOWHUB.WORKFLOW.1103.2 \nGomez-Garrido, J. (2024). CLAWS (CNAG’s long -read assembly workflow in Snakemake) . \nWorkflowHub. https://doi.org/10.48546/WORKFLOWHUB.WORKFLOW.567.2 \nHrušková-Martišová, M., Pekár, S., & Cardoso, P. (2010). Natural history of the Iberian solifuge Gluvia \ndorsalis (Solifuges: Daesiidae). The Journal of Arachnology , 38(3), 466 –474. \nhttps://doi.org/10.1636/Hi09-104.1 \nLeite, D. J., Baudouin -Gonzalez, L., Iwasaki -Yokozawa, S., Lozano -Fernandez, J., Turetzek, N., \nAkiyama-Oda, Y., Prpic, N.-M., Pisani, D., Oda, H., Sharma, P. P., & McGregor, A. P. (2018). \nHomeobox Gene Duplication and Divergence in Arachnids. Molecular Biology and Evolution, \n35(9), 2240–2253. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy125 \nLozano-Fernandez, J., Tanner, A. R., Giacomelli, M., Ca rton, R., Vinther, J., Edgecombe, G. D., & \nPisani, D. (2019). Author Correction: Increasing species sampling in chelicerate genomic-scale \ndatasets provides support for monophyly of Acari and Arachnida. Nature Communications, 10, \n4534. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12259-6 \nMazzoni, C., Ciofi, C., & Waterhouse, R. (2023). Biodiversity: An atlas of European reference genomes. \nNature, 619, 252–252. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-02229-w \nPertegal, C., Barranco, P., De Mas, E., & Moya-Laraño, J. (2024). More Than 200 Years Later: Gluvia \nbrunnea sp. nov. (Solifugae, Daesiidae), a Second Species of Camel Spider from the Iberian \nPeninsula. Insects, 15(4), 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15040284 \nAuthor-formatted document posted on 14/05/2025. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e158720","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}