{"paper_id":"1187f2e7-c558-480c-ade5-37e8f8142ca3","body_text":"Shade tree diversity enhances topsoil fertility and deep soil nutrients drive aboveground carbon storage in cocoa-based systems in Côte d’Ivoire | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Shade tree diversity enhances topsoil fertility and deep soil nutrients drive aboveground carbon storage in cocoa-based systems in Côte d’Ivoire Alain Rene Atangana, Guillaume Kouassi Koffi, Kouassi Bruno Kpangui, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5586403/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study investigated the impact of tree diversity on soil fertility and aboveground carbon biomass in cocoa-based land-use systems across Côte d'Ivoire's cocoa-producing regions. A total of 213 plots, each measuring 1,000 m² and representing cocoa monocultures, agroforestry systems, and fallows, were surveyed across six sites. These plots were analyzed for tree species diversity and aboveground carbon biomass. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–50 cm from each plot and analyzed for various soil properties. Results showed that tree species richness and abundance were highest in fallows, followed by agroforestry systems, with the lowest diversity observed in monocropped cocoa farms. Aboveground carbon biomass was comparable between agroforestry systems and fallows, both significantly outperforming cocoa monocultures in carbon storage. Although 15 soil physicochemical parameters did not vary significantly across land-use systems, positive correlations were identified between tree abundance and soil potassium, aboveground carbon biomass and soil pH, and marginally between species richness and exchangeable magnesium. Negative correlations emerged between aboveground carbon biomass and soil aluminum content, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus in deeper soil layers. Cocoa monocultures, particularly in San-Pédro, displayed the lowest species diversity and aboveground carbon biomass. Agroforestry systems in Duékoué and San-Pédro exhibited moderate species diversity and carbon levels, with an abundance of exotic species and lower sand content. In contrast, fallows, predominantly in Oumé, recorded the highest tree species richness, aboveground carbon biomass, native tree dominance, and superior soil fertility (elevated pH, CEC, Mg, Ca, K) in the 0–20 cm soil layer. Tree diversity and aboveground carbon biomass significantly correlated with land-use system and their effects on soil properties varied with soil depth. These findings highlight the role of shade tree diversity in improving topsoil fertility, which benefits cocoa plants, while nutrients from deeper soil layers support shade trees, enhancing aboveground carbon biomass Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology/Agroecology Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant ecology Aboveground carbon sequestration Agroforestry systems Cocoa plantations Soil fertility Tree biodiversity Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Restoring ecosystem services in degraded forest landscapes through afforestation—by planting trees—helps build resilient landscapes that counterbalance the devastating impacts of land degradation and climate change 1 . Forest restoration significantly improves biodiversity, enhances soil health, and increases carbon storage in biomass, particularly in warmer regions 2 . This approach typically involves planting a variety of indigenous tree species in landscapes degraded by human activities, such as agriculture, to create diversified ecosystems that resemble natural forests. However, the introduction of tree species into degraded ecosystems has sparked debate 3,4,5,6 , with some experts advocating for farmer-managed natural regeneration as a more nature-based approach with positive impacts 7,8,9 . Tree species diversity enhances soil fertility by improving nutrient availability and exchange processes, due to the varying root structures and chemical compositions of different species 10,11 . While some studies have found no correlation between tree diversity and higher soil carbon or nitrogen levels, with total phosphorus levels even decreasing 3 , other research has shown positive correlations between tree diversity and soil organic matter content 5 . Diverse tree species contribute different types and quantities of organic matter to the soil, influencing its structure and fertility 5,12 . Diverse tree ecosystems also demonstrate greater resilience to environmental disturbances, including changes in soil conditions 13,14 . High tree diversity is associated with increased stability and the ability to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on soil fertility 15 . Additionally, tree diversity is closely linked to overall biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services 16 . Tree characteristics such as biomass are also related to soil fertility, highlighting the need to understand how both tree biomass and diversity contribute to soil health 17,18 . Tropical deforestation is a major driver of global biodiversity loss 19 , reducing tree diversity, altering local vegetation structures, and impacting nutrient cycling and carbon stocks 20 . For instance, soil carbon storage, nutrient cycling, and organic matter decomposition are negatively affected by deforestation worldwide 21 . In Côte d'Ivoire, the world’s leading cocoa producer, forest areas have drastically decreased from 16 million hectares in 1960 to 2.97 million hectares in 2020 22 . This decline is largely due to land-use changes for perennial crop production, with cocoa farming responsible for 73% of deforestation in the country 17,18,23 . Research shows that nutrient losses in cocoa monocultures, particularly of exchangeable bases, contribute to yield declines 24,25 . Despite farmers applying fertilizers and agrochemical inputs, the quantities often fall below the recommended doses needed to optimize yields in full-sun cocoa 24 . For example, studies in Cameroon and Ghana have shown significant losses in soil organic carbon (SOC) following the conversion of forests to cocoa agroforestry systems, with decreases in surface soil carbon and nitrogen observed in cocoa farms established after forest clearing 26 . Declining cocoa production can drive further deforestation, as farmers may clear more forests to compensate for lower yields. To rebuild forest cover, provide ecosystem services, and sustain cocoa production, a clear understanding of the trade-offs between tree diversity, soil health, and aboveground carbon sequestration is needed. It is worth noting that some cocoa farmers in Côte d'Ivoire preserve useful trees when clearing land for cocoa farming 27 . This study aims to examine variations in tree biodiversity, aboveground carbon biomass, and soil physicochemical properties across fallows, cocoa-based agroforestry systems, and monoculture cocoa plantations in Côte d'Ivoire’s cocoa-producing regions. Additionally, it investigates the relationships between tree diversity, aboveground carbon biomass, soil physicochemical properties, and floristic composition within cocoa-based systems and fallows. The ultimate goal is to propose strategies for promoting sustainable cocoa production in cocoa-based cropping systems while enhancing their carbon sequestration potential and conserving tree biodiversity. Results Variation in floristic diversity and aboveground carbon biomass among land-use systems A total of 136 tree species, belonging to 94 genera and 34 families, were identified during the floristic surveys. Tree floristic richness and abundance varied significantly across the land-use systems studied (Table 2). Fallows exhibited the highest tree species richness and abundance compared to cocoa agroforestry systems (Table 3). Similarly, the Shannon diversity index was higher in fallows than in agroforestry systems, with monocropped cocoa farms having the lowest tree species diversity (Tables 2 and 3). There was no significant difference in aboveground carbon biomass between cocoa agroforestry systems and fallows, though both stored significantly more carbon than monocropped cocoa systems (Tables 2 and 3). Variation in soil fertility among land-use systems No significant differences were observed among the land-use systems for the 15 soil physico-chemical parameters measured across the six study sites (Table 4). The Soil Structural Stability Index (SSSI) remained consistent across all cropping systems studied, with values of 3.1 ± 0.93 for cocoa agroforestry, 3.4 ± 1.39 for fallows, and 2.8 ± 0.83 for cocoa monocropping ( P = 0.5782). Relationships between floristic diversity and soil health indices Significant positive correlations were found between tree abundance and soil potassium, as well as between aboveground carbon in trees and soil pH, regardless of soil layer (Table 5). Additionally, positive correlations were observed between tree abundance and soil pH, and between aboveground carbon biomass in trees and soil potassium in the topsoil layer (Table 5). A significant negative correlation was identified between soil aluminum content and aboveground carbon biomass in trees, irrespective of soil layer (Table 5). Negative and significant correlations were observed between total nitrogen in the deep soil layer (20–50 cm) and aboveground carbon biomass in trees (Table 5). Furthermore, negative and highly significant correlations were found between the phosphorus sorption index in the 20–50 cm soil layer and aboveground carbon biomass in trees (Table 5). Exchangeable magnesium in the topsoil layer also showed positive correlations with specific richness of trees (Table 5). Relationships among aboveground carbon biomass, soil fertility, land-use systems, diversity metrics and floristic composition 0 to 20 cm soil depth The first two axes of the multiple factor analysis (MFA) explained 28.57% of the variance in the floristic characteristics of land-use systems, soil properties, and environmental factors. Hierarchical ascending classification, based on the first five MFA axes (accounting for 52.51% of the variance), grouped the sampled plots into three main clusters (Figure 3A). These clusters were differentiated by two qualitative variables—land-use system type and sampling locality—while 12 quantitative variables showed significant variation among them (Table 6). The first cluster consisted entirely of cocoa monocultures, predominantly from San-Pédro (41.2%), with an average density of 54.3 cocoa plants per 1,000 m² and low aboveground carbon biomass (6.91 T ha -1 ). The second cluster was primarily composed of agroforestry systems (97%), predominantly located in Duékoué (87.5%) and San-Pédro (50%). This group featured highly diversified cocoa-based systems, with an average of 42.35 cocoa plants per 1,000 m², predominantly exotic species (0.8 trees per 1,000 m²), and a high species evenness index (0.9). The third cluster mainly consisted of fallow plots (94.1%), with 31.2% from Oumé, characterized by high species richness (8.5 trees per 1,000 m²), primarily indigenous species (16.8 trees/1,000 m²). Soils here had a significantly higher mean pH (6.3) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC; 10.5) than the other clusters (Table 6). Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and aboveground carbon levels in this group were also significantly higher (Table 6) in the other groups. Higher floristic diversity correlated with increased Mg, Ca, and K levels in the 0-20 cm soil layer, along with elevated aboveground carbon biomass across the sites. 20 cm to 50 cm soil depth The hierarchical ascending classification performed on the coordinates of the first five MFA axes grouped the sampled plots into three main clusters (Figure 3B). Overall, two qualitative variables (type of land-use system, sample locality) distinguished these plot groups. Among quantitative variables, nine varied significantly between groups, including species richness, evenness index, floristic composition, aboveground carbon biomass, and soil sand and clay content (Table 6). The first group consisted of mostly monoculture cocoa plots (97%), predominantly found in the San-Pédro area (41.2%). These plots had an average of 54.5 cocoa plants per 1,000 m², and aboveground carbon was low, with a value of 6.9 T ha -1 . The second group was characterized by agroforestry systems (95.5%), mainly in Duekoué (85%). This agroforestry system can be considered a commercial polyculture with cocoa, at density of 42.35 plants per 1,000 m². Associated plants were mostly dominated by exotic species (0.8 trees/1,000 m²). These plots recorded the lowest sand content (32.71). The third group was primarily composed of fallow plots (94.1%) and included 40.6% of the plots sampled in Oumé. The higher the floristic richness, the higher the aboveground carbon, but no effect was observed on soil fertility between 20 cm and 50 cm depth (Table 6). Discussion The superiority of cocoa-based agroforestry systems over monoculture cocoa plantations in terms of diversity, as observed in our study, is not novel and has been reported in a previous study 28 . Similarly, the higher diversity of fallow plots compared to cocoa plantations has also been documented in Ghana 29 . Additionally, the non-significant differences in carbon storage observed between cocoa-based agroforestry systems and fallows in our study are consistent with findings from a previous study 30 in Cameroon. These results suggest that agroforestry is a promising alternative for mitigating the effects of climate change in the forest zone of Côte d'Ivoire by promoting carbon sequestration. It is important to note that the fallows studied in our case often consisted of remnants of monoculture cocoa plantations, which were abandoned either due to declining cocoa yields 31 after several years or because of damage caused by pest attacks such as cocoa swollen shoot disease. Agroforestry systems are known to improve soil functions through biological nitrogen fixation by legumes and the contribution of litter from shade trees, among other factors. Our study focused on already disturbed soils, as evidenced by the indices of soil structural stability across the three land-use systems examined. The non-significant differences observed among fallows, monoculture systems, and cocoa-based agroforestry systems regarding the soil's physico-chemical parameters may be attributed to the fact that agroforestry systems and fallows have not yet restored the fertility elements depleted by crops and unsustainable farming practices, such as intensive full-sun cocoa monocropping 24,26,32 . For cocoa-based agroforestry systems to be sustainable, they must offer more than just shading for cocoa plants. These systems should be adoptable in that they compensate for the area lost due to the introduction of trees by increasing or maintaining agricultural production over time. Our findings highlight the positive relationships between topsoil potassium and magnesium content and tree diversity, suggesting that woody plant biomass plays a significant role in enhancing soil fertility in the topsoil layer. These results are consistent with previous studies 14,17,18,33 . While it is well-established that plant diversity regulates soil fertility in cocoa cropping systems 34 , as evidenced by the positive correlations between tree abundance and topsoil potassium, and between tree species richness and exchangeable magnesium, our study provides further insights. Specifically, we demonstrated, using data collected on farm and in natural environment, that tree biomass, likely through its contribution of litter, plays a key role in improving the fertility of the upper soil layer in cocoa plantations. This is critical for the sustainable management of soil fertility in cocoa plantations, given that over 80% of the fine roots of cocoa trees are concentrated within the upper 25 cm of the soil profile 35 . Additionally, our results show that tree species diversity influences soil pH, potentially by reducing exchangeable aluminum in the soil. This is supported by the negative relationship observed between soil aluminum content and tree diversity, as reported in other studies 36 . Tree diversity has also been shown to influence soil pH 37 , underscoring the importance of incorporating diversity into the design of cocoa agroforestry systems to promote soil health management and ensure the long-term sustainability of cocoa production. The sustainability of cocoa-based agroforestry systems can also be demonstrated through the provision of ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration. Indeed, cocoa agroforestry systems should enhance the carbon sequestration potential of the plantation, which can be achieved by increasing the biomass of companion trees. Our study indicates that deeper soil layers contribute to the aboveground biomass of trees, with a negative correlation observed between soil nitrogen and phosphorus and tree biomass. These findings suggest that increasing tree biomass—and thereby enhancing carbon sequestration in cocoa-based agroforestry systems—can be achieved by sustainably supplying nitrogen and phosphorus to deeper soil layers. This can be accomplished by introducing shrub legumes with root systems capable of exploring these deeper layers. Furthermore, the legumes introduced into these systems should form root symbioses, such as mycorrhizae, to mobilize phosphorus. The first two axes of the multiple factor analysis in our study explained less than 30% of the variation, likely due to the high spatial variability of the soil's physico-chemical characteristics 38 . Nonetheless, the distinct clustering patterns observed at both soil depths highlight the relationships between land-use systems, tree diversity, species composition, soil properties, and aboveground carbon biomass. Cocoa monocultures, predominantly in San-Pédro, were consistently linked to lower floristic diversity and aboveground carbon levels, reflecting a potential reduction in ecosystem complexity and carbon sequestration capacity in these systems. These findings are consistent with previous studies 35,39 , which indicated that monocultures generally support lower biodiversity and carbon storage compared to more diversified systems. In contrast, agroforestry systems exhibited higher species evenness and moderate aboveground carbon biomass. The association of these systems with exotic species likely reflects their role in commercial polycultures, aiming to combine cocoa production with additional income sources. The observed species evenness within agroforestry systems suggests that these mixed plantations could enhance ecological resilience while supporting commercial objectives. Duekoué and San-Pédro’s agroforestry clusters also showed the lowest soil sand content, which may influence soil moisture retention and nutrient availability, further benefiting crop productivity. Fallows, which formed a third distinct cluster, showed the highest species richness and aboveground carbon, with a marked increase in soil pH, CEC and nutrient availability (Mg, Ca, and K) in the top 0-20 cm soil layer. This result indicates that fallow periods contribute to soil recovery and carbon accumulation, potentially enhancing the suitability of these areas for future cultivation or natural regeneration. Interestingly, the depth-dependent effect observed in these systems—where soil fertility showed no significant variation below 20 cm—suggests that organic matter and nutrient cycling predominantly affect the upper soil layers in fallows. Overall, the observed relationships between floristic diversity, aboveground carbon biomass, and soil fertility metrics across clusters underscore the potential of diversified agroforestry and fallow systems to support sustainable land management in these regions. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the following in cocoa cropping systems: Tree diversity and aboveground carbon biomass vary across different land-use systems. Aboveground carbon and tree diversity positively influence soil fertility in the upper soil layers. Cocoa agroforestry systems enhance aboveground carbon sequestration. Tree species richness significantly contributes to aboveground carbon storage. The impact of tree diversity on soil physico-chemical properties varies with soil depth. Nitrogen and phosphorus in deeper soil layers are critical for supporting aboveground carbon biomass.. While cocoa monocultures limit biodiversity and carbon sequestration, agroforestry and fallow systems promote higher ecological diversity and carbon storage potential. These findings underscore the ecological advantages of adopting diversified agroforestry practices in land-use planning, which support both agricultural productivity and environmental resilience in tropical agricultural landscapes. To develop sustainable cocoa-based agroforestry systems that support cocoa production and enhance carbon sequestration potential, we propose the following: Introduce leguminous shrubs: Incorporate leguminous shrubs into the system to facilitate biological nitrogen fixation, maintaining a positive nutrient balance between soil nutrient export and replenishment. Ensure a continuous phosphorus supply: Develop strategies to sustain phosphorus availability in deeper soil layers by leveraging potential mycorrhizal symbioses between shade trees and mycorrhizal fungi. Diversify shade tree species: Integrate a diverse range of shade tree species into cocoa farms to sustainably manage topsoil fertility and increase aboveground carbon sequestration. Materials And Methods Sampling The plot sampling design was adapted from the Land Degradation Surveillance Framework (LDSF) 40 , which is crafted to furnish essential biophysical data at the farm level. This framework also serves as a structure for monitoring and assessing land degradation processes, as well as the efficacy of rehabilitation measures, over time. In line with this approach, 32 distinct clusters harboring 213 plots were established across the forest zone of Côte d’Ivoire (Figure 1). We considered any cocoa plantation with at least 5 trees per hectare as an agroforestry plot, according to the ARS 1000-1 standard 41 . It is important to note that farmers preserve trees that produce fruits, seeds, and leaves for consumption and trade, as well as any other trees whose bark or root extracts are used in traditional medicine when they clear areas of forest to establish farms 27 . Each plot assumed a circular form and encompassed an area of 1,000 m² (equivalent to a radius of 17.84 meters; Figure 2). Employing the LDSF methodology, 4 subplots were delineated within each sampling plot. From these 4 sub-plots, composite soil samples (approximately 500 g each) were extracted at two depths: 0-20 cm and 20-50 cm. These samples were analyzed to determine soil organic matter content (SOC), alongside macro and micronutrient concentrations. The data collection campaign was executed between May 22 and June 20, 2022. A total of 213 plots across 32 clusters were surveyed, distributed as follows: 39 in the Abengourou area, 33 in the Agboville area, 40 in the Duékoué area, 35 in the Guiglo area, 32 in the Oumé area, and 34 in the San Pedro area (Figure 1). This survey resulted in the collection of 426 soil samples. Laboratory analysis of soil samples The soil samples were first air-dried and then sieved using a 2 mm mesh, following the standard operating procedures 42 . After sieving, the coarse fraction was determined using the formula: Coarse fraction (%) = 100 × (weight of coarse fragments (g)) / (total weight of air-dried soil (g)) A sub-sample of the ground material was analyzed using mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR). The analysis was conducted with the Alpha MIR instrument, and each soil sample was scanned in duplicate using a Bruker Invenio-S Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Samples were prepared according to Ateku and Chacha 43 and scanned as per Ateku 44 . The obtained spectra underwent preprocessing using the Savitsky-Golay method 45 , followed by mean centering to enhance the peaks corresponding to specific absorption features, while minimizing noise, curvature, and baseline shifts. The spectra were then projected onto the spectral space of the existing model to assess their alignment with the library spectra. Calibration models for predictions were developed using Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks and Random Forest. Datasets for calibration and validation varied between models, with data points ranging from 5% to 95% of each property included, while extreme values were excluded to avoid model bias. The performance of the validated models is summarized in Table 1. Based on the soil analysis results, the Soil Structural Stability Index (SSSI) was calculated using the following formula 46 : SSSI= 100 x ((SOC x 1,724)/ (clay(%) + silt(%)). Collection of floristic data Within each subplot, all trees (> 3 m in height) were identified and counted. For species not immediately recognizable in the field, leaf samples were collected to create a herbarium, which was later identified at the Centre National de Floristique of the Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan. The nomenclature of plant species follows Lebrun and Stork 47,48,49 . The classification of genera and families has been updated according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV 50 system. Data analysis Data were analyzed using the Proc Mixed procedure in Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) version 9.04 51 . To assess floristic diversity, the Shannon diversity index and Evenness index were calculated using the following formulas: Shannon index (H): H = - Σ (n i /N) ln (n i /N) Evenness index (E) E = H / ln S where n i is the number of individuals of species i; N is the total number of individuals and S is the total number of species. For floristic and soil data, all treatments were assumed to be random. Data analyses were performed using the following nested model 52 : Y ij = μ + β j ( i ) + ε Where Y ij is the average value for the dependent variable for the j th land-use system nested in the i th site; μ is the overall mean, while β j ( i ) and ε correspond, respectively, to land-used system nested in site effect, and the source of random error in the model. A multiple factor analysis (MFA), coupled with hierarchical ascending classification (HAC), was performed using the FactoMineR, factoextra, psycho, and ggplot2 libraries in R software to evaluate the relationships between soil characteristics, types of land-use systems, species diversity, aboveground carbon biomass and floristic composition of the sampled plots 53,54 . Declarations Author has confirmed that they would like to preprint. The authors declare no competing interests. Data availability Data is provided as supplementary information file. 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(International Center for Tropical Agriculture, World Agroforestry Centre, and the Earth Institute at Columbia University 2012). ORAN. Norme africaine – ARS 1000-1. 1st edition . (ORAN : Nairobi, Kenya 2021) Vågen, T., Shepherd, K., Walsh, M., Winowiecki, L., Desta, L. & Tondoh, J. AfSIS technical specifications soil health surveillance. Africa soil information service. Africa Soil Information Service , 18 (2010). Ateku, D. A. & Chacha, R. Samples reception, processing, log-in, shipping, archiving and disposal. Standard operating procedures. Journal of Chemical Health and Safety for sample reception. http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/agroforestry/files/SOP (2021). Ateku, D. A. Method for analysing samples for spectral characteristics in Mid IR range using HTS-XT. Standard operating procedures. https://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/files/2020-09/ (2020). Savitzky, A. & Golay, M. J. E. Smoothing and differentiation of data by simplified least squares procedures. 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C. Design and analysis of experiments (Wiley 2019). Pagès, J. Analyse factorielle multiple appliquée aux variables qualitatives et aux données mixtes. Revue de Statistique Appliquée 50(4), 5-37 (2002). Deheuvels, O., Avelino, J., Somarriba, E., Malezieux, E. Vegetation structure and productivity in cocoa-based agroforestry systems in Talamanca, Costa Rica. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 149: 181-188 (2012). Tables Table 1. Predicted soil properties in an experiment investigating the relationships between tree biodiversity, soil fertility and aboveground carbon biomass in cocoa-based land-use systems and fallows across Côte d'Ivoire's Property Description Unit SOC Organic Carbon content % by weight TN Total Nitrogen content % by weight pH Soil pH in water (soil: water ratio of 1:2 weight to volume basis) - m3.Al Exchangeable aluminum concentration by Mehlich 3 extraction mg/kg m3.K Potassium concentration by Mehlich 3 extraction mg/kg m3.Ca Exchangeable calcium concentration by Mehlich 3 extraction mg/kg m3.Mg Exchangeable Magnesium by Mehlich 3 extraction mg/kg m3.B Boron concentration by Mehlich 3 extraction mg/kg m3.Fe Iron concentration by Mehlich 3 extraction mg/kg CEC Cation Exchange Capacity cmolc/kg ExAc Exchangeable Acidity cmolc/kg PSI Phosphorus Sorption Index - Table 2. Results of the mixed-model ANOVA comparing tree diversity and aboveground carbon biomass across three land-use systems (fallow, cocoa agroforestry, and cocoa monocropping) in 213 plots (1,000 m² each) from six cocoa-producing sites in Côte d'Ivoire, with site (land-use system) as a random effect Diversity index* and carbon biomass F statistic P value Richness 125.83 0 < 0.0001 Abundance 84.03 0 < 0.0001 Shannon diversity index 24.25 0 < 0.0001 Evenness 1.65 0.2011 Aboveground carbon biomass 15.72 0 < 0.0001 *Data was collected in 32 distinct clusters harbouring 213 plots ain 6 sites Table 3. Pairwise comparisons of tree diversity and aboveground carbon biomass among three land-use systems (Fallow, cocoa agroforestry, and cocoa monocropping) in 213 Plots (1,000 m² each) across six sites in Côte d’Ivoire's cocoa-producing zone, using the Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons Diversity index Parameter Difference estimate P value Richness Cocoa agroforestry - Fallow -3.0111 0.0008 Cocoa agroforestry – cocoa monocropping 3.8276 0.0001 Fallow – cocoa monocropping 6.8387 0.0001 Abundance Cocoa agroforestry - Fallow -7.4290 0.0162 Cocoa agroforestry – cocoa monocropping 8.1474 0.0001 Fallow – cocoa monocropping 15.5764 0.0001 Shannon diversity index* Cocoa agroforestry - fallow -0.763 0.0001 Evenness* Cocoa agroforestry - fallow 0.03297 0.2011 Aboveground carbon biomass Cocoa agroforestry - fallow -195.05 0.1665 Cocoa agroforestry – cocoa monocropping 237.87 0.0003 Fallow – cocoa monocropping 432.88 0.0006 * Shannon diversity index values for cocoa monocropping were zero, and evenness index values were either 0 or 1, leading to its exclusion from the analysis Table 4. Mixed-model ANOVA results for soil health indices, comparing three land-use systems (fallow, cocoa agroforestry, and cocoa monocropping) across 213 plots (1,000 m² each) from six cocoa-producing sites in Côte d'Ivoire, with site (land-use system) treated as a random effect Parameter Soil depth F statistic P value pH 0 – 20 cm 0.08 0.9276 20 – 50 cm 0.24 0.7876 Soil organic carbon 0 – 20 cm 0.42 0.6645 20 – 50 cm 0.34 0.7200 Total Nitrogen content 0 – 20 cm 0.01 0.9890 20 – 50 cm 0.02 0.9834 Exchangeable aluminum concentration 0 – 20 cm 0.07 0.9352 20 – 50 cm 0.30 0.7429 Boron concentration 0 – 20 cm 0.14 0.8731 20 – 50 cm 0.21 0.8147 Exchangeable calcium concentration 0 – 20 cm 0.39 0.6855 20 – 50 cm 0.23 0.7944 Potassium concentration 0 – 20 cm 0.65 0.5392 20 – 50 cm 1.29 0.3098 Exchangeable magnesium 0 – 20 cm 0.38 0.6924 20 – 50 cm 0.37 0.6969 Exchangeable acidity 0 – 20 cm 0.18 0.8355 20 – 50 cm 0.12 0.8899 Phosphorus sorption index 0 – 20 cm 0.01 0.9922 20 – 50 cm 0.40 0.6765 Cation exchange capacity 0 – 20 cm 0.35 0.7086 20 – 50 cm 0.03 0.9722 Clay 0 – 20 cm 0.06 0.9459 20 – 50 cm 0.34 0.7190 Silt 0 – 20 cm 0.10 0.9091 20 – 50 cm 0.10 0.9097 Sand 0 20 cm 0.03 0.9658 20 – 50 cm 0.27 0.7669 Soil stability structural index 0 – 20 cm 0.57 0.5782 20 – 50 cm 1.03 0.3839 Table 5. Pearson correlation coefficients between soil physico-chemical characteristics and tree biodiversity indices across three land-use systems (fallow, cocoa agroforestry, and cocoa monocropping) from 213 plots (1,000 m² each) in six sites within the cocoa-producing zone of Côte d’Ivoire 0 – 20 cm soil depth 20 – 50 cm soil depth Variable With variable Number of observations Correlation P -value Number of observations Correlation P -value pH Richness 213 0.108 0.1168 213 0.089 0.2792 Abundance 213 0.154 0.0243* 213 0.075 0.2792 Shannon diversity index 213 0.106 0.1227 213 0.099 0.1489 Evenness 213 0.032 0.6447 213 0.053 0.4392 Aboveground carbon biomass 213 0.133 0.0121* 213 0.191 0.0051** Soil organic carbon Richness 213 0.133 0.0523 213 0.078 0.2582 Abundance 213 0.108 0.1165 213 0.017 0.8079 Shannon diversity index 213 0.130 0.0587 213 0.062 0.3705 Evenness 213 - 0.02 0.8189 213 0.033 0.6280 Aboveground carbon biomass 213 -0.01 0.9139 213 -0.08 0.2280 Total nitrogen Richness 213 0.049 0.4810 213 -0.01 0.8588 Abundance 213 0.033 0.6316 213 -0.02 0.7330 Shannon diversity index 213 0.045 0.5185 213 -0.02 0.7367 Evenness 213 -0.08 0.2405 213 -0.06 0.4197 Aboveground carbon biomass 213 -0.09 0.1773 213 -0.17 0.0132* Exchangeable aluminum concentration Richness 213 -0.06 0.3924 213 -0.11 0.1055 Abundance 213 -0.01 0.8665 213 -0.03 0.6165 Shannon diversity index 213 -0.08 0.2705 213 -0.13 0.0680 Evenness 213 -0.09 0.1683 213 -0.06 0.3469 Aboveground carbon biomass 213 -0.17 0.0126* 213 -0.23 0.0008*** Boron concentration Richness 213 0.066 0.3414 213 0.017 0.8081 Abundance 213 0.084 0.2202 213 -0.01 0.8985 Shannon diversity index 213 0.051 0.4561 213 -0.00 0.9873 Evenness 213 -0.08 0.2416 213 -0.08 0.2355 Aboveground carbon biomass 213 -0.01 0.8558 213 -0.12 0.0825 Exchangeable calcium concentration Richness 208 0.110 0.1140 208 0.077 0.2720 Abundance 208 0.084 0.2282 208 0.031 0.6556 Shannon diversity index 208 0.093 0.1796 208 0.053 0.4481 Evenness 208 0.017 0.8127 208 0.009 0.8945 Aboveground carbon biomass 208 0.028 0.6919 208 0.008 0.9092 Potassium concentration Richness 207 0.124 0.0739 187 0.104 0.1568 Abundance 207 0.197 0.0044** 187 0.164 0.0249* Shannon diversity index 207 0.120 0.0847 187 0.091 0.2155 Evenness 207 -0.01 0.9060 187 -0.03 0.6481 Aboveground carbon biomass 207 0.148 0.0330** 187 0.073 0.3244 Exchangeable magnesium Richness 212 0.134 0.0510* 209 0.044 0.5242 Abundance 212 0.083 0.2293 209 -0.01 0.9356 Shannon diversity index 212 0.118 0.0871 209 0.049 0.4806 Evenness 212 0 0.9949 209 0.083 0.2316 Aboveground carbon biomass 212 0.029 0.6762 209 0.037 0.5002 Exchangeable acidity Richness 213 -0.01 0.8433 213 -0.08 0.2198 Abundance 213 -0.03 0.6462 213 -0.08 0.2559 Shannon diversity index 213 -0.01 0.8630 213 -0.11 0.0957 Evenness 213 0.013 0.8489 213 0 0.9852 Aboveground carbon biomass 213 -0.09 0.1902 213 _0.11 0.1054 Phosphorus sorption index Richness 213 -0.08 0.2315 213 -0.11 0.1145 Abundance 213 -0.09 0.1984 213 -0.04 0.5452 Shannon diversity index 213 -0.08 0.2207 213 -0.11 0.0999 Evenness 213 -0.03 0.6655 213 -0.07 0.2793 Aboveground carbon biomass 213 -0.12 0.0774 213 -0.18 0.0068** Cation exchange capacity Richness 213 0.102 0.1363 209 0.067 0.3339 Abundance 213 0.07 0.2906 209 0.0044 0.9518 Shannon diversity index 213 0.086 0.2139 209 0.061 0.3802 Evenness 213 -0.01 0.9358 209 0.014 0.8439 Aboveground carbon biomass 213 0.077 0.2641 209 0.06 0.3855 Table 6. Relationships among floristic composition, tree diversity metrics, aboveground carbon biomass, and soil characteristics across 213 plots (1,000 m² each) in six sites within the cocoa-producing zone of Côte d’Ivoire 0 to 20 cm soil depth 20 to 50 cm soil depth Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Tukey value test Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Tukey value test Aboveground carbon biomass (T ha -1 ) 6.9±10.70 a 197.1±281.80 b 705.6±668.63 c 39.61*** 6.9±10.70 a 197.1±281.80 b 705.6±668.63 c 39.61*** Number of cashew plants per 1,000 m 2 0 0.3±0.90 0 3 0 0.3±0.90 0 3 Cation exchange capacity (cmolc kg -1 ) 7.4±3.98 a 7.1±4.26 a 10.5±7.34 b 6.48** 5.3±2.53 a 5.8±3.42 a 6.1±4.01 a 0.61 Clay 45.9±14.79 a 45.0±14.68 a 42.7±14.88 a 0.42 50.9±15.90 ab 51.5±15.84 b 43.1±19.48 a 3.83* Number of cocoa plants per 1,000 m 2 54.3±19.32 c 39.7±24.82 b 3.8±7.53 a 45.6*** 54.5±19.49 c 42.3±23.50 b 4.1±8.04 a 67.36*** Number of coffee plants per 1,000 m 2 0 1.9±4.47 b 0.6±2.18 ab 5.24** 0 2.1±4.66 b 0.2±0.68 a 8.08*** Evenness index 0.3±0.48 a 0.9±0.13 b 0.8±0.11 b 89.9*** 0.3±0.48 a 0.9±0.13 b 0.8±0.11 b 89.9*** Exchangeable acidity (cmolc kg -1 ) 0.4±0.19 a 0.4±0.19 a 0.4±0.10 a 0.74 0.5±0.28 a 0.5±0.23 a 0.4±0.21 a 0.84 Number of exotic plant species per 1,000 m 2 0.1±0.34 a 0.8±1.20 b 0.6±1.31 ab 6.06** 0.1±0.32 a 0.8±1.21 b 0.6±1.20 ab 6.73** Number of indigenous plant species per 1,000 m 2 0.2±0.41 a 3.5±4.11 b 16.9±13.71 c 75.11*** 0.2±0.40 a 3.5±4.00 b 13.4±13.15 c 48.16*** Exchangeable calcium content (mg kg -1 ) in soil 838.9±693.64 a 861.4±924.87 a 1515.6±179.01 a 4.85** 547.2±359.98 a 642.3±603.99 a 720.3±808.04 a 0.81 Potassium concentration in soil (mg kg -1 ) 71.9±55.93 a 78.8±74.85 a 124.7±111.45 b 4.73** - - - Exchangeable magnesium (mg kg -1 ) in soil 144.3±71.16 a 143.9±76.36 a 203.7±157.10 b 5.34** - - - pH 5.8±0.57 a 5.8±0.70 a 6.3±1.09 b 6.07** 5.6±0.48 a 5.7±0.60 a 5.8±0.85 a 2 Species richness 0.3±0.48 a 4±2.38 b 8.5±3.77 c 104.60*** 0.3±0.48 a 4±2.38 b 8.5±3.77 c 104.60*** Number of rubber plants per 1,000 m 2 0 0.6±3.49 a 0.1±0.38 a 1.05 0 0.6±3.49 a 0.1±0.38 a 1.05 Sand 36.2±14.38 a 36.9±13.93 a 39±14.61 a 0.36 33.8±15.66 ab 32.7±15.08 a 41.4±20.52 b 4.2* Silt 17.9±3.74 a 18.1±3.41 a 18.2±3.41 a 0.12 15.3±3.70 a 15.8±3.66 a 15.5±3.87 a 0.32 Soil organic carbon (%) 1.1±0.48 a 1.1±0.45 a 1.3±0.78 a 2.65 0.6±0.31 a 0.7±0.35 a 0.7±0.46 a 1 Total nitrogen content (mg kg -1 ) in soil 0.1±0.04 a 0.1±0.05 a 0.1±0.05 a 0.03 0.1±0.03 a 0.1±0.04 a 0.7±0.04 a 2 χ2 χ2 Presence of cocoa swollen shoot disease No 81.7 80 39.3 74.85*** 0 0 52.6 102.27*** Yes 13.3 16.4 7.1 86.4 82.4 42.1 Number of land-use system plots in each group Cocoa-based agroforestry 0 92.9 14.3 326.14*** 0 97.7 84.2 364.62*** Fallows 0 7.1 85.7 0 1.5 85.7 Cocoa monocropping - - - 100 0.8 0 Number of plots of each group in the study site Abengourou 24.1 13.6 32.1 41.72*** 25 14.5 23.7 42.08*** Agboville 13.3 15.7 17.9 11.4 17.6 13.2 Duékoué 11.1 25 0 11.4 26 2.6 Guiglo 20 17.9 3.6 20.5 17.6 7.9 Oumé 0 15.7 35.7 0 14.5 34.2 San Pedro 31.1 12.1 10.7 31.8 9.9 18.4 The numbers followed by different letters are significantly different; * p <0.05: ** p <0.01; *** p <0.001 Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files Diversityandcarbon.xlsx Supplementary Data Set 1 Soildata.xlsx Supplementary Data Set 2 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-5586403\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":400055562,\"identity\":\"3b4fe62c-a8fa-4edd-8eed-2a6b2aa52c9e\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Alain Rene Atangana\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"CIFOR-ICRAF\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Alain\",\"middleName\":\"Rene\",\"lastName\":\"Atangana\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":400055563,\"identity\":\"be75deba-0ceb-4550-96ad-00469d21eb00\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Guillaume Kouassi Koffi\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"ICRAF\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Guillaume\",\"middleName\":\"Kouassi\",\"lastName\":\"Koffi\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":400055564,\"identity\":\"d2a45f94-8caf-40f4-b848-1665af76efc9\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Kouassi Bruno Kpangui\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Kouassi\",\"middleName\":\"Bruno\",\"lastName\":\"Kpangui\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":400055565,\"identity\":\"f76c98ea-fddb-46aa-ad80-418b03fd0c74\",\"order_by\":3,\"name\":\"Ebagnerin Jérome Tondoh\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR des Sciences de la Nature\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Ebagnerin\",\"middleName\":\"Jérome\",\"lastName\":\"Tondoh\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":400055566,\"identity\":\"d9785682-e8db-40bf-b6f1-e17bb10150fb\",\"order_by\":4,\"name\":\"Valentin L. 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Laval\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Damase\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Khasa\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2024-12-05 11:10:31\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5586403/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5586403/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":79254724,\"identity\":\"7d7e6e86-baa2-45b9-b1b4-a2acc635d4e6\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-03-26 08:50:45\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"Figure 1\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":3122647,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003ePlots and data collection clusters for studying the relationships between tree diversity, aboveground carbon, and soil fertility in cocoa-based land-use systems of Côte d’Ivoire (Cocoa farming area data source: Bureau National d’Etudes Techniques et Développement, Côte d’Ivoire, 2017).\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Figure1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5586403/v1/9b11d50594ea41b051da1f1d.png\"},{\"id\":79254721,\"identity\":\"6ff9ccc9-ba42-43c1-b145-21e2b175b812\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-03-26 08:50:45\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":2,\"title\":\"Figure 2\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":47350,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eSampled plots within clusters established to investigate the relationships among tree diversity, aboveground carbon biomass, and soil fertility in cocoa-based land-use systems of Côte d’Ivoire\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Figure2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5586403/v1/d8e73e2e5207c278ca674071.png\"},{\"id\":79254723,\"identity\":\"c71a954d-8b99-44f5-aa4f-668c566b09a4\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-03-26 08:50:45\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":3,\"title\":\"Figure 3\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":147559,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eRelationships among aboveground carbon biomass (C), soil characteristics (CS), land-use systems (Typ), diversity metrics (Div: floristic richness and Pielou's evenness for 1,000 m² plots), and tree density (Dens: number of trees per 1,000 m²) across 213 plots in six sites of Côte d’Ivoire\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Figure3.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5586403/v1/51f7b32ead82a8a4a9ae7cf0.png\"},{\"id\":79256352,\"identity\":\"a6080569-8d4e-4c31-9241-28bdddd40e7c\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-03-26 08:58:48\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":3733645,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5586403/v1/e5b04419-7c4a-49ef-849a-e74b0ee1f1d1.pdf\"},{\"id\":79254722,\"identity\":\"aaa0268b-0558-405d-a8a4-57e068ed3f30\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-03-26 08:50:45\",\"extension\":\"xlsx\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"supplement\",\"size\":35805,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eSupplementary Data Set 1\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Diversityandcarbon.xlsx\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5586403/v1/c65a80afd659839a4701fe5b.xlsx\"},{\"id\":79254725,\"identity\":\"1cce71f0-3bd4-4fc9-b18f-adf31dff8a6d\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-03-26 08:50:45\",\"extension\":\"xlsx\",\"order_by\":2,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"supplement\",\"size\":75394,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eSupplementary Data Set 2\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Soildata.xlsx\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5586403/v1/df9ec6a4c8e746a03dfbcb74.xlsx\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"There is \\u003cb\\u003eNO\\u003c/b\\u003e Competing Interest.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Shade tree diversity enhances topsoil fertility and deep soil nutrients drive aboveground carbon storage in cocoa-based systems in Côte d’Ivoire\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"Introduction\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eRestoring ecosystem services in degraded forest landscapes through afforestation\\u0026mdash;by planting trees\\u0026mdash;helps build resilient landscapes that counterbalance the devastating impacts of land degradation and climate change\\u003csup\\u003e1\\u003c/sup\\u003e. Forest restoration significantly improves biodiversity, enhances soil health, and increases carbon storage in biomass, particularly in warmer regions\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e. This approach typically involves planting a variety of indigenous tree species in landscapes degraded by human activities, such as agriculture, to create diversified ecosystems that resemble natural forests. However, the introduction of tree species into degraded ecosystems has sparked debate\\u003csup\\u003e3,4,5,6\\u003c/sup\\u003e, with some experts advocating for farmer-managed natural regeneration as a more nature-based approach with positive impacts\\u003csup\\u003e7,8,9\\u003c/sup\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTree species diversity enhances soil fertility by improving nutrient availability and exchange processes, due to the varying root structures and chemical compositions of different species\\u003csup\\u003e10,11\\u003c/sup\\u003e. While some studies have found no correlation between tree diversity and higher soil carbon or nitrogen levels, with total phosphorus levels even decreasing\\u003csup\\u003e3\\u003c/sup\\u003e, other research has shown positive correlations between tree diversity and soil organic matter content\\u003csup\\u003e5\\u003c/sup\\u003e. Diverse tree species contribute different types and quantities of organic matter to the soil, influencing its structure and fertility\\u003csup\\u003e5,12\\u003c/sup\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eDiverse tree ecosystems also demonstrate greater resilience to environmental disturbances, including changes in soil conditions\\u003csup\\u003e13,14\\u003c/sup\\u003e. High tree diversity is associated with increased stability and the ability to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on soil fertility\\u003csup\\u003e15\\u003c/sup\\u003e. Additionally, tree diversity is closely linked to overall biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services\\u003csup\\u003e16\\u003c/sup\\u003e. Tree characteristics such as biomass are also related to soil fertility, highlighting the need to understand how both tree biomass and diversity contribute to soil health\\u003csup\\u003e17,18\\u003c/sup\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTropical deforestation is a major driver of global biodiversity loss\\u003csup\\u003e19\\u003c/sup\\u003e, reducing tree diversity, altering local vegetation structures, and impacting nutrient cycling and carbon stocks\\u003csup\\u003e20\\u003c/sup\\u003e. For instance, soil carbon storage, nutrient cycling, and organic matter decomposition are negatively affected by deforestation worldwide\\u003csup\\u003e21\\u003c/sup\\u003e. In C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026apos;Ivoire, the world\\u0026rsquo;s leading cocoa producer, forest areas have drastically decreased from 16 million hectares in 1960 to 2.97 million hectares in 2020\\u003csup\\u003e22\\u003c/sup\\u003e. This decline is largely due to land-use changes for perennial crop production, with cocoa farming responsible for 73% of deforestation in the country\\u003csup\\u003e17,18,23\\u003c/sup\\u003e. Research shows that nutrient losses in cocoa monocultures, particularly of exchangeable bases, contribute to yield declines\\u003csup\\u003e24,25\\u003c/sup\\u003e. Despite farmers applying fertilizers and agrochemical inputs, the quantities often fall below the recommended doses needed to optimize yields in full-sun cocoa\\u003csup\\u003e24\\u003c/sup\\u003e. For example, studies in Cameroon and Ghana have shown significant losses in soil organic carbon (SOC) following the conversion of forests to cocoa agroforestry systems, with decreases in surface soil carbon and nitrogen observed in cocoa farms established after forest clearing\\u003csup\\u003e26\\u003c/sup\\u003e. Declining cocoa production can drive further deforestation, as farmers may clear more forests to compensate for lower yields. To rebuild forest cover, provide ecosystem services, and sustain cocoa production, a clear understanding of the trade-offs between tree diversity, soil health, and aboveground carbon sequestration is needed. It is worth noting that some cocoa farmers in C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026apos;Ivoire preserve useful trees when clearing land for cocoa farming\\u003csup\\u003e27\\u003c/sup\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis study aims to examine variations in tree biodiversity, aboveground carbon biomass, and soil physicochemical properties across fallows, cocoa-based agroforestry systems, and monoculture cocoa plantations in C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026apos;Ivoire\\u0026rsquo;s cocoa-producing regions. Additionally, it investigates the relationships between tree diversity, aboveground carbon biomass, soil physicochemical properties, and floristic composition within cocoa-based systems and fallows. The ultimate goal is to propose strategies for promoting sustainable cocoa production in cocoa-based cropping systems while enhancing their carbon sequestration potential and conserving tree biodiversity.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Results\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eVariation in floristic diversity and aboveground carbon biomass among land-use systems\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eA total of 136 tree species, belonging to 94 genera and 34 families, were identified during the floristic surveys. Tree floristic richness and abundance varied significantly across the land-use systems studied (Table 2). Fallows exhibited the highest tree species richness and abundance compared to cocoa agroforestry systems (Table 3). Similarly, the Shannon diversity index was higher in fallows than in agroforestry systems, with monocropped cocoa farms having the lowest tree species diversity (Tables 2 and 3).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThere was no significant difference in\\u0026nbsp;aboveground carbon biomass\\u0026nbsp;between cocoa agroforestry systems and fallows, though both stored significantly more carbon than monocropped cocoa systems (Tables 2 and 3).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eVariation in soil fertility\\u0026nbsp;among land-use systems\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eNo significant differences were observed among the land-use systems for the 15 soil physico-chemical parameters measured across the six study sites (Table 4). The Soil Structural Stability Index (SSSI) remained consistent across all cropping systems studied, with values of 3.1 \\u0026plusmn; 0.93 for cocoa agroforestry, 3.4 \\u0026plusmn; 1.39 for fallows, and 2.8 \\u0026plusmn; 0.83 for cocoa monocropping (\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e = 0.5782).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eRelationships between floristic diversity and soil health indices\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eSignificant positive correlations were found between tree abundance and soil potassium, as well as between aboveground carbon in trees and soil pH, regardless of soil layer (Table 5). Additionally, positive correlations were observed between tree abundance and soil pH, and between aboveground carbon biomass in trees and soil potassium in the topsoil layer (Table 5). A significant negative correlation was identified between soil aluminum content and aboveground carbon biomass in trees, irrespective of soil layer (Table 5). Negative and significant correlations were observed between total nitrogen in the deep soil layer (20\\u0026ndash;50 cm) and aboveground carbon biomass in trees (Table 5). Furthermore, negative and highly significant correlations were found between the phosphorus sorption index in the 20\\u0026ndash;50 cm soil layer and aboveground carbon biomass in trees (Table 5). Exchangeable magnesium in the topsoil layer also showed positive correlations with specific richness of trees (Table 5).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eRelationships among aboveground carbon biomass, soil fertility, land-use systems, diversity metrics and floristic composition\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003ch4\\u003e0 to 20 cm soil depth\\u003c/h4\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe first two axes of the multiple factor analysis (MFA) explained 28.57% of the variance in the floristic characteristics of land-use systems, soil properties, and environmental factors. Hierarchical ascending classification, based on the first five MFA axes (accounting for 52.51% of the variance), grouped the sampled plots into three main clusters (Figure 3A). These clusters were differentiated by two qualitative variables\\u0026mdash;land-use system type and sampling locality\\u0026mdash;while 12 quantitative variables showed significant variation among them (Table 6). The first cluster consisted entirely of cocoa monocultures, predominantly from San-P\\u0026eacute;dro (41.2%), with an average density of 54.3 cocoa plants per 1,000 m\\u0026sup2; and low aboveground carbon biomass (6.91 T ha\\u003csup\\u003e-1\\u003c/sup\\u003e). The second cluster was primarily composed of agroforestry systems (97%), predominantly located in Du\\u0026eacute;kou\\u0026eacute; (87.5%) and San-P\\u0026eacute;dro (50%). This group featured highly diversified cocoa-based systems, with an average of 42.35 cocoa plants per 1,000 m\\u0026sup2;, predominantly exotic species (0.8 trees per 1,000 m\\u0026sup2;), and a high species evenness index (0.9).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe third cluster mainly consisted of fallow plots (94.1%), with 31.2% from Oum\\u0026eacute;, characterized by high species richness (8.5 trees per 1,000 m\\u0026sup2;), primarily indigenous species (16.8 trees/1,000 m\\u0026sup2;). Soils here had a significantly higher mean pH (6.3) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC; 10.5) than the other clusters (Table 6). Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and aboveground carbon levels in this group were also significantly higher (Table 6) in the other groups. Higher floristic diversity correlated with increased Mg, Ca, and K levels in the 0-20 cm soil layer, along with elevated aboveground carbon biomass across the sites.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch4\\u003e20 cm to 50 cm soil depth\\u003c/h4\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe hierarchical ascending classification performed on the coordinates of the first five MFA axes grouped the sampled plots into three main clusters (Figure 3B). Overall, two qualitative variables (type of land-use system, sample locality) distinguished these plot groups. Among quantitative variables, nine varied significantly between groups, including species richness, evenness index, floristic composition, aboveground carbon biomass, and soil sand and clay content (Table 6).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe first group consisted of mostly monoculture cocoa plots (97%), predominantly found in the San-P\\u0026eacute;dro area (41.2%). These plots had an average of 54.5 cocoa plants per 1,000 m\\u0026sup2;, and aboveground carbon was low, with a value of 6.9 T ha\\u003csup\\u003e-1\\u003c/sup\\u003e. The second group was characterized by agroforestry systems (95.5%), mainly in Duekou\\u0026eacute; (85%). This agroforestry system can be considered a commercial polyculture with cocoa, at density of 42.35 plants per 1,000 m\\u0026sup2;. Associated plants were mostly dominated by exotic species (0.8 trees/1,000 m\\u0026sup2;). These plots recorded the lowest sand content (32.71). The third group was primarily composed of fallow plots (94.1%) and included 40.6% of the plots sampled in Oum\\u0026eacute;. The higher the floristic richness, the higher the aboveground carbon, but no effect was observed on soil fertility between 20 cm and 50 cm depth (Table 6).\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Discussion\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThe superiority of cocoa-based agroforestry systems over monoculture cocoa plantations in terms of diversity, as observed in our study, is not novel and has been reported in a previous study\\u003csup\\u003e28\\u003c/sup\\u003e. Similarly, the higher diversity of fallow plots compared to cocoa plantations has also been documented in Ghana\\u003csup\\u003e29\\u003c/sup\\u003e. Additionally, the non-significant differences in carbon storage observed between cocoa-based agroforestry systems and fallows in our study are consistent with findings from a previous study\\u003csup\\u003e30\\u003c/sup\\u003e in Cameroon. These results suggest that agroforestry is a promising alternative for mitigating the effects of climate change in the forest zone of C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026apos;Ivoire by promoting carbon sequestration. It is important to note that the fallows studied in our case often consisted of remnants of monoculture cocoa plantations, which were abandoned either due to declining cocoa yields\\u003csup\\u003e31\\u003c/sup\\u003e after several years or because of damage caused by pest attacks such as cocoa swollen shoot disease.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAgroforestry systems are known to improve soil functions through biological nitrogen fixation by legumes and the contribution of litter from shade trees, among other factors. Our study focused on already disturbed soils, as evidenced by the indices of soil structural stability across the three land-use systems examined. The non-significant differences observed among fallows, monoculture systems, and cocoa-based agroforestry systems regarding the soil\\u0026apos;s physico-chemical parameters may be attributed to the fact that agroforestry systems and fallows have not yet restored the fertility elements depleted by crops and unsustainable farming practices, such as intensive full-sun cocoa monocropping\\u003csup\\u003e24,26,32\\u003c/sup\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eFor cocoa-based agroforestry systems to be sustainable, they must offer more than just shading for cocoa plants. These systems should be adoptable in that they compensate for the area lost due to the introduction of trees by increasing or maintaining agricultural production over time. Our findings highlight the positive relationships between topsoil potassium and magnesium content and tree diversity, suggesting that woody plant biomass plays a significant role in enhancing soil fertility in the topsoil layer. These results are consistent with previous studies\\u003csup\\u003e14,17,18,33\\u003c/sup\\u003e. While it is well-established that plant diversity regulates soil fertility in cocoa cropping systems\\u003csup\\u003e34\\u003c/sup\\u003e, as evidenced by the positive correlations between tree abundance and topsoil potassium, and between tree species richness and exchangeable magnesium, our study provides further insights. Specifically, we demonstrated, using data collected on farm and in natural environment, that tree biomass, likely through its contribution of litter, plays a key role in improving the fertility of the upper soil layer in cocoa plantations. This is critical for the sustainable management of soil fertility in cocoa plantations, given that over 80% of the fine roots of cocoa trees are concentrated within the upper 25 cm of the soil profile\\u003csup\\u003e35\\u003c/sup\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAdditionally, our results show that tree species diversity influences soil pH, potentially by reducing exchangeable aluminum in the soil. This is supported by the negative relationship observed between soil aluminum content and tree diversity, as reported in other studies\\u003csup\\u003e36\\u003c/sup\\u003e. Tree diversity has also been shown to influence soil pH\\u003csup\\u003e37\\u003c/sup\\u003e, underscoring the importance of incorporating diversity into the design of cocoa agroforestry systems to promote soil health management and ensure the long-term sustainability of cocoa production.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe sustainability of cocoa-based agroforestry systems can also be demonstrated through the provision of ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration. Indeed, cocoa agroforestry systems should enhance the carbon sequestration potential of the plantation, which can be achieved by increasing the biomass of companion trees. Our study indicates that deeper soil layers contribute to the aboveground biomass of trees, with a negative correlation observed between soil nitrogen and phosphorus and tree biomass. These findings suggest that increasing tree biomass\\u0026mdash;and thereby enhancing carbon sequestration in cocoa-based agroforestry systems\\u0026mdash;can be achieved by sustainably supplying nitrogen and phosphorus to deeper soil layers. This can be accomplished by introducing shrub legumes with root systems capable of exploring these deeper layers. Furthermore, the legumes introduced into these systems should form root symbioses, such as mycorrhizae, to mobilize phosphorus.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe first two axes of the multiple factor analysis in our study explained less than 30% of the variation, likely due to the high spatial variability of the soil\\u0026apos;s physico-chemical characteristics\\u003csup\\u003e38\\u003c/sup\\u003e. Nonetheless, the distinct clustering patterns observed at both soil depths highlight the relationships between land-use systems, tree diversity, species composition, soil properties, and aboveground carbon biomass. Cocoa monocultures, predominantly in San-P\\u0026eacute;dro, were consistently linked to lower floristic diversity and aboveground carbon levels, reflecting a potential reduction in ecosystem complexity and carbon sequestration capacity in these systems. These findings are consistent with previous studies\\u003csup\\u003e35,39\\u003c/sup\\u003e, which indicated that monocultures generally support lower biodiversity and carbon storage compared to more diversified systems.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIn contrast, agroforestry systems exhibited higher species evenness and moderate aboveground carbon biomass. The association of these systems with exotic species likely reflects their role in commercial polycultures, aiming to combine cocoa production with additional income sources. The observed species evenness within agroforestry systems suggests that these mixed plantations could enhance ecological resilience while supporting commercial objectives. Duekou\\u0026eacute; and San-P\\u0026eacute;dro\\u0026rsquo;s agroforestry clusters also showed the lowest soil sand content, which may influence soil moisture retention and nutrient availability, further benefiting crop productivity.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eFallows, which formed a third distinct cluster, showed the highest species richness and aboveground carbon, with a marked increase in soil pH, CEC and nutrient availability (Mg, Ca, and K) in the top 0-20 cm soil layer. This result indicates that fallow periods contribute to soil recovery and carbon accumulation, potentially enhancing the suitability of these areas for future cultivation or natural regeneration. Interestingly, the depth-dependent effect observed in these systems\\u0026mdash;where soil fertility showed no significant variation below 20 cm\\u0026mdash;suggests that organic matter and nutrient cycling predominantly affect the upper soil layers in fallows. Overall, the observed relationships between floristic diversity, aboveground carbon biomass, and soil fertility metrics across clusters underscore the potential of diversified agroforestry and fallow systems to support sustainable land management in these regions.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Conclusion\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eOur study demonstrated the following in cocoa cropping systems:\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cul type=\\\"disc\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eTree diversity and aboveground carbon biomass vary across different land-use systems.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eAboveground carbon and tree diversity positively influence soil fertility in the upper soil layers.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eCocoa agroforestry systems enhance aboveground carbon sequestration.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eTree species richness significantly contributes to aboveground carbon storage.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eThe impact of tree diversity on soil physico-chemical properties varies with soil depth.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eNitrogen and phosphorus in deeper soil layers are critical for supporting aboveground carbon biomass..\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ul\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eWhile cocoa monocultures limit biodiversity and carbon sequestration, agroforestry and fallow systems promote higher ecological diversity and carbon storage potential. These findings underscore the ecological advantages of adopting diversified agroforestry practices in land-use planning, which support both agricultural productivity and environmental resilience in tropical agricultural landscapes.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTo develop sustainable cocoa-based agroforestry systems that support cocoa production and enhance carbon sequestration potential, we propose the following:\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003col start=\\\"1\\\" type=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eIntroduce leguminous shrubs: Incorporate leguminous shrubs into the system to facilitate biological nitrogen fixation, maintaining a positive nutrient balance between soil nutrient export and replenishment.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eEnsure a continuous phosphorus supply: Develop strategies to sustain phosphorus availability in deeper soil layers by leveraging potential mycorrhizal symbioses between shade trees and mycorrhizal fungi.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eDiversify shade tree species: Integrate a diverse range of shade tree species into cocoa farms to sustainably manage topsoil fertility and increase aboveground carbon sequestration.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Materials And Methods\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eSampling\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe plot sampling design was adapted from the Land Degradation Surveillance Framework (LDSF)\\u003csup\\u003e40\\u003c/sup\\u003e, which is crafted to furnish essential biophysical data at the farm level. This framework also serves as a structure for monitoring and assessing land degradation processes, as well as the efficacy of rehabilitation measures, over time. In line with this approach, 32 distinct clusters harboring 213 plots were established across the forest zone of Côte d’Ivoire (Figure 1). We considered any cocoa plantation with at least 5 trees per hectare as an agroforestry plot, according to the ARS 1000-1 standard\\u003csup\\u003e41\\u003c/sup\\u003e. It is important to note that farmers preserve trees that produce fruits, seeds, and leaves for consumption and trade, as well as any other trees whose bark or root extracts are used in traditional medicine when they clear areas of forest to establish farms\\u003csup\\u003e27\\u003c/sup\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eEach plot assumed a circular form and encompassed an area of 1,000 m² (equivalent to a radius of 17.84 meters; Figure 2). Employing the LDSF methodology, 4 subplots were delineated within each sampling plot. From these 4 sub-plots, composite soil samples (approximately 500 g each) were extracted at two depths: 0-20 cm and 20-50 cm. These samples were analyzed to determine soil organic matter content (SOC), alongside macro and micronutrient concentrations. The data collection campaign was executed between May 22 and June 20, 2022. A total of 213 plots across 32 clusters were surveyed, distributed as follows: 39 in the Abengourou area, 33 in the Agboville area, 40 in the Duékoué area, 35 in the Guiglo area, 32 in the Oumé area, and 34 in the San Pedro area (Figure 1). This survey resulted in the collection of 426 soil samples.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eLaboratory analysis of soil samples\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe soil samples were first air-dried and then sieved using a 2 mm mesh, following the standard operating procedures\\u003csup\\u003e42\\u003c/sup\\u003e. After sieving, the coarse fraction was determined using the formula:\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eCoarse fraction (%) = 100 × (weight of coarse fragments (g)) / (total weight of air-dried soil (g))\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eA sub-sample of the ground material was analyzed using mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR). The analysis was conducted with the Alpha MIR instrument, and each soil sample was scanned in duplicate using a Bruker Invenio-S Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Samples were prepared according to Ateku and Chacha\\u003csup\\u003e43\\u003c/sup\\u003e and scanned as per Ateku\\u003csup\\u003e44\\u003c/sup\\u003e. The obtained spectra underwent preprocessing using the Savitsky-Golay method\\u003csup\\u003e45\\u003c/sup\\u003e, followed by mean centering to enhance the peaks corresponding to specific absorption features, while minimizing noise, curvature, and baseline shifts. The spectra were then projected onto the spectral space of the existing model to assess their alignment with the library spectra. Calibration models for predictions were developed using Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks and Random Forest. Datasets for calibration and validation varied between models, with data points ranging from 5% to 95% of each property included, while extreme values were excluded to avoid model bias. The performance of the validated models is summarized in Table 1.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eBased on the soil analysis results, the Soil Structural Stability Index (SSSI) was calculated using the following formula\\u003csup\\u003e46\\u003c/sup\\u003e :\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eSSSI= 100 x ((SOC x 1,724)/ (clay(%) + silt(%)).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eCollection of floristic data\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eWithin each subplot, all trees (\\u0026gt; 3 m in height) were identified and counted. For species not immediately recognizable in the field, leaf samples were collected to create a herbarium, which was later identified at the Centre National de Floristique of the Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan. The nomenclature of plant species follows Lebrun and Stork\\u003csup\\u003e47,48,49\\u003c/sup\\u003e. The classification of genera and families has been updated according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV\\u003csup\\u003e50\\u003c/sup\\u003e system.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003eData analysis\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eData were analyzed using the Proc Mixed procedure in Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) version 9.04\\u003csup\\u003e51\\u003c/sup\\u003e. To assess floristic diversity, the Shannon diversity index and Evenness index were calculated using the following formulas:\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cul\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eShannon index (H): \\u0026nbsp;H = - Σ (n\\u003csub\\u003ei\\u003c/sub\\u003e/N) ln (n\\u003csub\\u003ei\\u003c/sub\\u003e/N)\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eEvenness\\u0026nbsp;index (E) E = H / ln S\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ul\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003ewhere n\\u003csub\\u003ei\\u003c/sub\\u003e is the number of individuals of species i; N is the total number of individuals and S is the total number of species.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eFor floristic and soil data, all treatments were assumed to be random. Data analyses were performed using the following nested model\\u003csup\\u003e52\\u003c/sup\\u003e:\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eY\\u003cem\\u003e\\u003csub\\u003eij\\u003c/sub\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e = μ + β\\u003cem\\u003e\\u003csub\\u003ej\\u003c/sub\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003csub\\u003e(\\u003cem\\u003ei\\u003c/em\\u003e)\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/sub\\u003e+\\u0026nbsp;ε\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eWhere Y\\u003cem\\u003e\\u003csub\\u003eij\\u003c/sub\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003eis the average value for the dependent variable for the \\u003cem\\u003ej\\u003c/em\\u003eth land-use system nested in the\\u003cem\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;i\\u003c/em\\u003eth site; μ is the overall mean, while β\\u003cem\\u003e\\u003csub\\u003ej\\u003c/sub\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003csub\\u003e(\\u003cem\\u003ei\\u003c/em\\u003e)\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/sub\\u003eand\\u0026nbsp;ε\\u0026nbsp;correspond, respectively, to land-used system nested in site effect, and the source of random error in the model. \\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eA multiple factor analysis (MFA), coupled with hierarchical ascending classification (HAC), was performed using the FactoMineR, factoextra, psycho, and ggplot2 libraries in R software to evaluate the relationships between soil characteristics, types of land-use systems, species diversity, aboveground carbon biomass and floristic composition of the sampled plots\\u003csup\\u003e53,54\\u003c/sup\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Declarations\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eAuthor has confirmed that they would like to preprint.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eData availability\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eData is provided as supplementary information file.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003col\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eYang, Q., Liu, G., Casazza, M., Dumontet, S. \\u0026amp; Zhifeng Yang, Z. 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In \\u003cem\\u003eSpringer-Verlag\\u003c/em\\u003e (Vol. 10). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. (1992).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eLebrun, J.-P. \\u0026amp; Stork, A. L. \\u003cem\\u003eEnum\\u0026eacute;ration des plantes \\u0026agrave; fleurs d\\u0026apos;Afrique tropicale: 4. Gamop\\u0026eacute;tales: Clethraceae \\u0026agrave; Lamiaceae\\u003c/em\\u003e. (Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Gen\\u0026egrave;ve. 712 p. 1997) \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eAk\\u0026eacute; Assi, L. \\u003cem\\u003eFlore de la C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026rsquo;Ivoire 1, catalogue, syst\\u0026eacute;matique, biog\\u0026eacute;ographie et \\u0026eacute;cologie\\u003c/em\\u003e. (Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique de Gen\\u0026egrave;ve; Boisseria 57, 396 p ; 2001) \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eAk\\u0026eacute; Assi, L. \\u003cem\\u003eFlore de la C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026rsquo;Ivoire 2, catalogue, syst\\u0026eacute;matique, biog\\u0026eacute;ographie et \\u0026eacute;cologie\\u003c/em\\u003e. Gen\\u0026egrave;ve, Suisse : Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique de Gen\\u0026egrave;ve ; Boisseria 58, 441 p; 2002) \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eAngiosperm Phylogeny Group IV. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. \\u003cem\\u003eBotanical journal of the Linnean Society\\u003c/em\\u003e 181(1), 1-20 (2016).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eSAS Institute Inc. \\u003cem\\u003eSAS/STAT\\u0026reg; 15.3 User\\u0026rsquo;s Guide\\u003c/em\\u003e. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC (2023)\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMontgomery, D. C. \\u003cem\\u003eDesign and analysis of experiments\\u003c/em\\u003e (Wiley 2019).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003ePag\\u0026egrave;s, J. Analyse factorielle multiple appliqu\\u0026eacute;e aux variables qualitatives et aux donn\\u0026eacute;es mixtes. \\u003cem\\u003eRevue de Statistique Appliqu\\u0026eacute;e\\u003c/em\\u003e 50(4), 5-37 (2002).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eDeheuvels, O., Avelino, J., Somarriba, E., Malezieux, E. Vegetation structure and productivity in cocoa-based agroforestry systems in Talamanca, Costa Rica. \\u003cem\\u003eAgriculture, Ecosystems \\u0026amp; Environment\\u003c/em\\u003e 149: 181-188 (2012). \\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Tables\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eTable 1. Predicted soil properties in an experiment investigating the relationships between tree biodiversity, soil fertility and aboveground carbon biomass in cocoa-based land-use systems and fallows across C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026apos;Ivoire\\u0026apos;s\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"628\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eProperty\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDescription\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUnit\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSOC\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOrganic\\u0026nbsp;Carbon content\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e% by weight\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTN\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTotal\\u0026nbsp;Nitrogen content\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e% by weight\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003epH\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSoil\\u0026nbsp;pH in water (soil: water ratio\\u0026nbsp;of\\u0026nbsp;1:2 weight to volume basis)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003em3.Al\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable\\u0026nbsp;aluminum concentration by Mehlich 3 extraction\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003emg/kg\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003em3.K\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePotassium\\u0026nbsp;concentration\\u0026nbsp;by\\u0026nbsp;Mehlich\\u0026nbsp;3 extraction\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003emg/kg\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003em3.Ca\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable\\u0026nbsp;calcium concentration by Mehlich 3 extraction\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003emg/kg\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003em3.Mg\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable\\u0026nbsp;Magnesium by Mehlich 3 extraction\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003emg/kg\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003em3.B\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eBoron concentration by Mehlich 3\\u0026nbsp;extraction\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003emg/kg\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003em3.Fe\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eIron concentration by Mehlich 3\\u0026nbsp;extraction\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003emg/kg\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCEC\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCation Exchange Capacity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ecmolc/kg\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExAc\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable\\u0026nbsp;Acidity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ecmolc/kg\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 11.1465%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePSI\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 68.7898%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePhosphorus\\u0026nbsp;Sorption\\u0026nbsp;Index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 20.0637%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTable 2. Results of the mixed-model ANOVA comparing tree diversity and aboveground carbon biomass across three land-use systems (fallow, cocoa agroforestry, and cocoa monocropping) in 213 plots (1,000 m\\u0026sup2; each) from six cocoa-producing sites in C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026apos;Ivoire, with site (land-use system) as a random effect\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"1\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 52.6923%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDiversity index* and carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eF\\u003c/em\\u003e statistic\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e value\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 52.6923%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e125.83\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026lt; 0.0001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 52.6923%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e84.03\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026lt; 0.0001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 52.6923%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e24.25\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026lt; 0.0001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 52.6923%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.65\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2011\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 52.6923%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e15.72\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 23.6538%;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026lt; 0.0001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e*Data was collected in 32 distinct clusters harbouring 213 plots ain 6 sites\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTable 3. Pairwise comparisons of tree diversity and aboveground carbon biomass among three land-use systems (Fallow, cocoa agroforestry, and cocoa monocropping) in 213 Plots (1,000 m\\u0026sup2; each) across six sites in C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026rsquo;Ivoire\\u0026apos;s cocoa-producing zone, using the Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"1\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"633\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDiversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eParameter\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDifference estimate\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e value\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCocoa agroforestry - Fallow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-3.0111\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0008\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCocoa agroforestry \\u0026ndash; cocoa monocropping\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.8276\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFallow \\u0026ndash; cocoa monocropping\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6.8387\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCocoa agroforestry - Fallow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-7.4290\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0162\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCocoa agroforestry \\u0026ndash; cocoa monocropping\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8.1474\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFallow \\u0026ndash; cocoa monocropping\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e15.5764\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCocoa agroforestry - fallow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.763\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCocoa agroforestry - fallow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.03297\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2011\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCocoa agroforestry - fallow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-195.05\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1665\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCocoa agroforestry \\u0026ndash; cocoa monocropping\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e237.87\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0003\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFallow \\u0026ndash; cocoa monocropping\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e432.88\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0006\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e*\\u0026nbsp;Shannon diversity index values for cocoa monocropping were zero, and evenness index values were either 0 or 1, leading to its exclusion from the analysis\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTable 4. Mixed-model ANOVA results for soil health indices, comparing three land-use systems (fallow, cocoa agroforestry, and cocoa monocropping) across 213 plots (1,000 m\\u0026sup2; each) from six cocoa-producing sites in C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026apos;Ivoire, with site (land-use system) treated as a random effect\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"1\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 179px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eParameter\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 123px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSoil depth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eF statistic\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e value\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003epH\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.08\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9276\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.24\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7876\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSoil organic carbon\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.42\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6645\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.34\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7200\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTotal Nitrogen content\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9890\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.02\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9834\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable aluminum concentration\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.07\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9352\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.30\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7429\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eBoron concentration\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.14\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8731\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.21\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8147\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable calcium concentration\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.39\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6855\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.23\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7944\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePotassium concentration\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.65\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5392\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.29\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3098\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable magnesium\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.38\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6924\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.37\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6969\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable acidity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.18\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8355\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.12\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8899\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePhosphorus sorption index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9922\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.40\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6765\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCation exchange capacity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.35\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7086\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.03\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9722\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eClay\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.06\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9459\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.34\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7190\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSilt\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.10\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9091\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.10\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9097\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSand\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.03\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9658\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.27\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7669\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSoil stability structural index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.57\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5782\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.03\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 104px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3839\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTable 5. Pearson correlation coefficients between soil physico-chemical characteristics and tree biodiversity indices across three land-use systems (fallow, cocoa agroforestry, and cocoa monocropping) from 213 plots (1,000 m\\u0026sup2; each) in six sites within the cocoa-producing zone of C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026rsquo;Ivoire\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"1\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"626\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 \\u0026ndash; 20 cm soil depth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 \\u0026ndash; 50 cm soil depth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWith variable\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of observations\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCorrelation\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e-value\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of observations\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCorrelation\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e-value\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003epH\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.108\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1168\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.089\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2792\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.154\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0243*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.075\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2792\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.106\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1227\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.099\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1489\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.032\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6447\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.053\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4392\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.133\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0121*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.191\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0051**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSoil organic carbon\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.133\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0523\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.078\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2582\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.108\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1165\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.017\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8079\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.130\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0587\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.062\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3705\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e- 0.02\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8189\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.033\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6280\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9139\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.08\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2280\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTotal nitrogen\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.049\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4810\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8588\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.033\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6316\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.02\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7330\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.045\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5185\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.02\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7367\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.08\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2405\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.06\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4197\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.09\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1773\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.17\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0132*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable aluminum concentration\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.06\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3924\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.11\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1055\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8665\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.03\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6165\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.08\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2705\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.13\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0680\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.09\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1683\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.06\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3469\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.17\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0126*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.23\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0008***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eBoron concentration\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.066\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3414\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.017\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8081\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.084\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2202\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8985\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.051\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4561\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.00\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9873\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.08\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2416\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.08\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2355\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8558\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.12\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0825\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable calcium concentration\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e208\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.110\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1140\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e208\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.077\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2720\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e208\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.084\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2282\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e208\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.031\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6556\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e208\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.093\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1796\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e208\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.053\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4481\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e208\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.017\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8127\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e208\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.009\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8945\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e208\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.028\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6919\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e208\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.008\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9092\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePotassium concentration\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e207\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.124\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0739\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e187\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.104\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1568\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e207\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.197\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0044**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e187\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.164\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0249*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e207\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.120\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0847\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e187\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.091\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2155\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e207\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9060\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e187\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.03\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6481\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e207\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.148\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0330**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e187\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.073\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3244\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable magnesium\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e212\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.134\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0510*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e209\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.044\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5242\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e212\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.083\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2293\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e209\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9356\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e212\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.118\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0871\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e209\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.049\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4806\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e212\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9949\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e209\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.083\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2316\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e212\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.029\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6762\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e209\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.037\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5002\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable acidity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8433\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.08\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2198\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.03\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6462\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.08\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2559\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8630\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.11\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0957\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.013\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8489\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9852\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.09\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1902\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e_0.11\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1054\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePhosphorus sorption index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.08\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2315\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.11\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1145\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.09\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1984\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.04\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5452\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.08\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2207\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.11\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0999\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.03\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6655\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.07\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2793\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.12\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0774\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.18\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0068**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCation exchange capacity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.102\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1363\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e209\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.067\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3339\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbundance\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.07\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2906\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e209\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0044\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9518\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShannon diversity index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.086\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2139\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e209\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.061\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3802\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9358\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e209\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.014\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8439\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e213\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.077\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2641\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e209\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.06\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 0px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3855\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTable 6. Relationships among floristic composition, tree diversity metrics, aboveground carbon biomass, and soil characteristics across 213 plots (1,000 m\\u0026sup2; each) in six sites within the cocoa-producing zone of C\\u0026ocirc;te d\\u0026rsquo;Ivoire\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"1\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"935\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"4\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 329px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0 to 20 cm soil depth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"4\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 324px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20 to 50 cm soil depth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGroup 1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGroup 2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGroup 3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTukey value test\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGroup 1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGroup 2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGroup 3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTukey value test\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAboveground carbon biomass (T ha\\u003csup\\u003e-1\\u003c/sup\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6.9\\u0026plusmn;10.70\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e197.1\\u0026plusmn;281.80\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e705.6\\u0026plusmn;668.63\\u003csup\\u003ec\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e39.61***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6.9\\u0026plusmn;10.70\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e197.1\\u0026plusmn;281.80\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e705.6\\u0026plusmn;668.63\\u003csup\\u003ec\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e39.61***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of cashew plants per 1,000 m\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3\\u0026plusmn;0.90\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3\\u0026plusmn;0.90\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCation exchange capacity (cmolc kg\\u003csup\\u003e-1\\u003c/sup\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.4\\u0026plusmn;3.98\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.1\\u0026plusmn;4.26\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10.5\\u0026plusmn;7.34\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6.48**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5.3\\u0026plusmn;2.53\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5.8\\u0026plusmn;3.42\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6.1\\u0026plusmn;4.01\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.61\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eClay\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e45.9\\u0026plusmn;14.79\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e45.0\\u0026plusmn;14.68\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e42.7\\u0026plusmn;14.88\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.42\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e50.9\\u0026plusmn;15.90\\u003csup\\u003eab\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e51.5\\u0026plusmn;15.84\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e43.1\\u0026plusmn;19.48\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.83*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of cocoa plants per 1,000 m\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e54.3\\u0026plusmn;19.32\\u003csup\\u003ec\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e39.7\\u0026plusmn;24.82\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.8\\u0026plusmn;7.53\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e45.6***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e54.5\\u0026plusmn;19.49\\u003csup\\u003ec\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e42.3\\u0026plusmn;23.50\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.1\\u0026plusmn;8.04\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e67.36***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of coffee plants per 1,000 m\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.9\\u0026plusmn;4.47\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6\\u0026plusmn;2.18\\u003csup\\u003eab\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5.24**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.1\\u0026plusmn;4.66\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2\\u0026plusmn;0.68\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8.08***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEvenness index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3\\u0026plusmn;0.48\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9\\u0026plusmn;0.13\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8\\u0026plusmn;0.11\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e89.9***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3\\u0026plusmn;0.48\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.9\\u0026plusmn;0.13\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8\\u0026plusmn;0.11\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e89.9***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable acidity (cmolc kg\\u003csup\\u003e-1\\u003c/sup\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4\\u0026plusmn;0.19\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4\\u0026plusmn;0.19\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4\\u0026plusmn;0.10\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.74\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5\\u0026plusmn;0.28\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5\\u0026plusmn;0.23\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4\\u0026plusmn;0.21\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.84\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of exotic plant species per 1,000 m\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1\\u0026plusmn;0.34\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8\\u0026plusmn;1.20\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6\\u0026plusmn;1.31\\u003csup\\u003eab\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6.06**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1\\u0026plusmn;0.32\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8\\u0026plusmn;1.21\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6\\u0026plusmn;1.20\\u003csup\\u003eab\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6.73**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of indigenous plant species per 1,000 m\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2\\u0026plusmn;0.41\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.5\\u0026plusmn;4.11\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e16.9\\u0026plusmn;13.71\\u003csup\\u003ec\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e75.11***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.2\\u0026plusmn;0.40\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.5\\u0026plusmn;4.00\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13.4\\u0026plusmn;13.15\\u003csup\\u003ec\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e48.16***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable calcium content (mg kg\\u003csup\\u003e-1\\u003c/sup\\u003e) in soil\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e838.9\\u0026plusmn;693.64\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e861.4\\u0026plusmn;924.87\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1515.6\\u0026plusmn;179.01\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.85**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e547.2\\u0026plusmn;359.98\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e642.3\\u0026plusmn;603.99\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e720.3\\u0026plusmn;808.04\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.81\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePotassium concentration in soil (mg kg\\u003csup\\u003e-1\\u003c/sup\\u003e)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e71.9\\u0026plusmn;55.93\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e78.8\\u0026plusmn;74.85\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e124.7\\u0026plusmn;111.45\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.73**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eExchangeable magnesium (mg kg\\u003csup\\u003e-1\\u003c/sup\\u003e) in soil\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e144.3\\u0026plusmn;71.16\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e143.9\\u0026plusmn;76.36\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e203.7\\u0026plusmn;157.10\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5.34**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003epH\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5.8\\u0026plusmn;0.57\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5.8\\u0026plusmn;0.70\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6.3\\u0026plusmn;1.09\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6.07**\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5.6\\u0026plusmn;0.48\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5.7\\u0026plusmn;0.60\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5.8\\u0026plusmn;0.85\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSpecies richness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3\\u0026plusmn;0.48\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u0026plusmn;2.38\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8.5\\u0026plusmn;3.77\\u003csup\\u003ec\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e104.60***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3\\u0026plusmn;0.48\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u0026plusmn;2.38\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8.5\\u0026plusmn;3.77\\u003csup\\u003ec\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e104.60***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of rubber plants per 1,000 m\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6\\u0026plusmn;3.49\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1\\u0026plusmn;0.38\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.05\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6\\u0026plusmn;3.49\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1\\u0026plusmn;0.38\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.05\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSand\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e36.2\\u0026plusmn;14.38\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e36.9\\u0026plusmn;13.93\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e39\\u0026plusmn;14.61\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.36\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e33.8\\u0026plusmn;15.66\\u003csup\\u003eab\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e32.7\\u0026plusmn;15.08\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e41.4\\u0026plusmn;20.52\\u003csup\\u003eb\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.2*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSilt\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e17.9\\u0026plusmn;3.74\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e18.1\\u0026plusmn;3.41\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e18.2\\u0026plusmn;3.41\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.12\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e15.3\\u0026plusmn;3.70\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e15.8\\u0026plusmn;3.66\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e15.5\\u0026plusmn;3.87\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.32\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSoil organic carbon (%)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.1\\u0026plusmn;0.48\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.1\\u0026plusmn;0.45\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.3\\u0026plusmn;0.78\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.65\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6\\u0026plusmn;0.31\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7\\u0026plusmn;0.35\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7\\u0026plusmn;0.46\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 282px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTotal nitrogen content (mg kg\\u003csup\\u003e-1\\u003c/sup\\u003e) in soil\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1\\u0026plusmn;0.04\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1\\u0026plusmn;0.05\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1\\u0026plusmn;0.05\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.03\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1\\u0026plusmn;0.03\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1\\u0026plusmn;0.04\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.7\\u0026plusmn;0.04\\u003csup\\u003ea\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 526px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026chi;2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 239px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026chi;2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 132px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePresence of cocoa swollen shoot disease\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e81.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e80\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e39.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e74.85***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e52.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e102.27***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e16.4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e86.4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e82.4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e42.1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 132px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of land-use system plots in each group\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCocoa-based agroforestry\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e92.9\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e14.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e326.14***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e97.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e84.2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e364.62***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFallows\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e85.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e85.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCocoa monocropping\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e100\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"6\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 132px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNumber of plots of each group in the study site\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAbengourou\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e24.1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e32.1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"6\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e41.72***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e25\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e14.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e23.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"6\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e42.08***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAgboville\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13.3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e15.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e17.9\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e11.4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e17.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13.2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDu\\u0026eacute;kou\\u0026eacute;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e11.1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e25\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e11.4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e26\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGuiglo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e17.9\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e17.6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.9\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOum\\u0026eacute;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e15.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e35.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e14.5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e34.2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSan Pedro\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e31.1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12.1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 82px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10.7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e31.8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 77px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e9.9\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 85px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e18.4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe numbers followed by different letters are significantly different; * p \\u0026lt;0.05: ** p \\u0026lt;0.01; *** p \\u0026lt;0.001\\u003c/p\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Aboveground carbon sequestration, Agroforestry systems, Cocoa plantations, Soil fertility, Tree biodiversity\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5586403/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5586403/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"This study investigated the impact of tree diversity on soil fertility and aboveground carbon biomass in cocoa-based land-use systems across Côte d'Ivoire's cocoa-producing regions. A total of 213 plots, each measuring 1,000 m² and representing cocoa monocultures, agroforestry systems, and fallows, were surveyed across six sites. These plots were analyzed for tree species diversity and aboveground carbon biomass. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–50 cm from each plot and analyzed for various soil properties. Results showed that tree species richness and abundance were highest in fallows, followed by agroforestry systems, with the lowest diversity observed in monocropped cocoa farms. Aboveground carbon biomass was comparable between agroforestry systems and fallows, both significantly outperforming cocoa monocultures in carbon storage. Although 15 soil physicochemical parameters did not vary significantly across land-use systems, positive correlations were identified between tree abundance and soil potassium, aboveground carbon biomass and soil pH, and marginally between species richness and exchangeable magnesium. Negative correlations emerged between aboveground carbon biomass and soil aluminum content, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus in deeper soil layers. Cocoa monocultures, particularly in San-Pédro, displayed the lowest species diversity and aboveground carbon biomass. Agroforestry systems in Duékoué and San-Pédro exhibited moderate species diversity and carbon levels, with an abundance of exotic species and lower sand content. In contrast, fallows, predominantly in Oumé, recorded the highest tree species richness, aboveground carbon biomass, native tree dominance, and superior soil fertility (elevated pH, CEC, Mg, Ca, K) in the 0–20 cm soil layer. Tree diversity and aboveground carbon biomass significantly correlated with land-use system and their effects on soil properties varied with soil depth. These findings highlight the role of shade tree diversity in improving topsoil fertility, which benefits cocoa plants, while nutrients from deeper soil layers support shade trees, enhancing aboveground carbon biomass\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Shade tree diversity enhances topsoil fertility and deep soil nutrients drive aboveground carbon storage in cocoa-based systems in Côte d’Ivoire\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-03-26 08:50:40\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5586403/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"communications-earth-and-environment\",\"isNatureJournal\":true,\"hasQc\":false,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"commsenv\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Communications Earth and Environment](https://www.nature.com/commsenv/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"\",\"title\":\"Communications Earth \\u0026 Environment\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"ejp\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Communications Series\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":false}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"7c22abe2-e1e0-46c7-a355-816986173913\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"March 26th, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[{\"id\":42635648,\"name\":\"Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology/Agroecology\"},{\"id\":42635649,\"name\":\"Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant ecology\"}],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2025-07-31T08:00:29+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-03-26 08:50:40\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-5586403\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-5586403\",\"identity\":\"rs-5586403\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}