{"paper_id":"10d2b6a2-2963-46f5-9bf7-e117e5847199","body_text":"How the relationship among athletes' grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence varies across performance levels?: A multi-group analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article How the relationship among athletes' grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence varies across performance levels?: A multi-group analysis Yong-Quan Shen, Young-Kyun Sim, Junsu Bae, In-Ju Bang, Jae-Pil Seo This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6583381/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Aug, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In the literature on high-competition sports, some evidence has been suggested regarding the relationships between athletes' grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and confidence. However, there has been a lack of integrated approaches to examine the relationships among these variables, and the individual factors of athletes have not been considered. Therefore, this study (a) analyzed the structural relationships between grit, self-regulation, competitive preparation, and confidence, and (b) investigated how these relationships vary according to athletes' performance levels. Participants were 270 student-athletes (209 males, 61 females) from various sports, all of whom were involved in highly competitive sports in South Korea. Athletes who had won at least one national-level competition were classified into the high-performance group ( n = 112), while those without such experience were classified into the low-performance group ( n = 158). Multi-group analysis showed that the structural relationships among grit, self-regulation, competitive preparation, and confidence varied according to the athletes' performance levels. In the high-performance group, self-regulation fully mediated the effect of competition preparation on confidence, whereas in the low-performance group, the mediation was partial. Furthermore, the path estimates for self-regulation, competition preparation, and confidence were found to be greater in the high-performance group. This study highlights that coaches should understand athletes' performance levels and apply appropriate strategies accordingly. Biological sciences/Psychology Biological sciences/Psychology/Human behaviour Perseverance long-term goal self-control pre-competition self-efficacy Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction In competitive sports, athletic performance is influenced by a myriad of variables. However, at its core, an athlete’s performance is closely linked to their trust in their own abilities and skills—a concept we commonly refer to as confidence. Vealey [1] described sports confidence as a multidimensional construct that directly relates to an athlete’s psychological preparation and performance, emphasizing its positive impact on competitive outcomes. In sports, confidence goes beyond mere positive thinking; it provides the mental resilience necessary to effectively manage pressure and stress during competition [2]. This confidence becomes the driving force that enables athletes to maintain focus in challenging situations and to actively embrace adversity. Indeed, numerous studies have shown that high levels of sports confidence contribute to enhanced performance, rapid recovery and adjustment following failure, and reduced anxiety [3][4][5]. Thus, sports confidence is regarded as an essential psychological asset for both successful performance and the long-term development of athletes. Recognizing the importance of confidence in athletic performance, sports psychologists have explored strategies and factors that bolster pre-competition confidence. Many theories and studies [6] suggest that the level of confidence an athlete experiences can vary depending on how systematically and effectively they prepare for competitive situations. For instance, many athletes are known to follow personalized pre-competition routines [7][8]. Moreover, athletes engage in a multifaceted preparation process that encompasses both physical and emotional elements—a process researchers refer to as competition preparation [9]. Bae et al. [10] defined competition preparation as a multidimensional construct comprising five aspects. According to them, competition preparation comprehensively involves the management, assessment, and readiness of physical factors (e.g., nutritional management), psychological aspects (e.g., positive self-talk), emotional regulation (e.g., emotion management), environmental influences (e.g., peer relationships), and informational elements (e.g., performance strategy review) to achieve optimal performance in forthcoming competitive situations. Through such preparation, athletes develop strategies to respond flexibly and promptly to various circumstances encountered during competition (e.g., physical condition on the day of competition), which in turn enhances their belief and confidence in their performance. Vealey [11] introduced the concept of preparatory confidence, aligned with periodized training, to explain how the process of competition preparation influences performance. Preparatory confidence refers to the belief athletes hold in their ability to succeed during the planning and preparation phases of training [6]. This belief is fostered by concrete mental training for competition, the planning of various strategies, and the attainment of a physically prepared state. At this stage, athletes focus on learning and habituating responses, plans, and routines tailored to specific competitive situations. This process enhances their generative capabilities [6], facilitating the integration of previously acquired skills into specific behavioral patterns that can be executed smoothly during competition. According to Bandura’s self-efficacy theory [6], repeated experiences of success and systematic preparation activities promote positive expectations, naturally leading to increased confidence. Therefore, competition preparation serves as a primary source that enables athletes to maintain a positive psychological state and exhibit high levels of confidence during performance. Researchers have also investigated the factors that facilitate competition preparation, which is closely associated with both performance and confidence [12][13][14]. Notably, behaviors in the process of competition preparation extend beyond repetitive training and depend significantly on an individual’s internal control abilities. Thus, self-regulation is recognized as a key variable in predicting competition preparation [15]. Self-regulation refers to the series of processes by which an athlete plans, executes, and evaluates their emotions, thoughts, and actions in pursuit of their goals. The self-regulated learning model [16] categorizes these processes into planning, execution, and reflection phases. Effective self-regulation aids athletes in systematically carrying out preparation activities and remaining adaptable during competition. Moreover, athletes with strong self-regulatory skills can promptly adjust their strategies when faced with failure or challenges, thereby maintaining optimal performance [17]. Thus, the behaviors involved in competition preparation are predicted by athletes’ self-regulatory capabilities, which in turn contribute to qualitative improvements in their preparation. Empirical evidence further supports the association between athletes’ self-regulation and both competition preparation and confidence. For example, Morri et al. [15] explored the self-regulation and competition preparation processes through case studies involving a coach and three athletes competing in Canoe Slalom at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. They applied the Periodization of Skill Training (PoST) framework as a strategy for Olympic preparation and concluded that promoting self-regulation is crucial for enabling athletes to adapt to dynamic and competitive environments. Furthermore, research by Bae et al. [10], which proposed a multidimensional concept of competition preparation, reported significant correlations between competition preparation factors and athletes’ self-management and sports confidence, indicating that self-regulation is indeed linked to both competition preparation and confidence. Additionally, several studies highlight that self-regulation-related variables in sports (e.g., emotion regulation, cognitive regulation) play a crucial role in enhancing confidence [18][19][20]. Therefore, an athlete’s self-regulatory capacity appears to be a critical prerequisite for both effective competition preparation and the manifestation of confidence. Meanwhile, recent studies have noted that an athlete’s self-regulatory abilities can be predicted by motivational traits such as grit, which reflect the persistent effort and sustained focus required to achieve long-term goals. Grit is defined as the psychological trait that drives an athlete to invest persistent effort and passion in achieving desired future outcomes—a concept introduced by Duckworth et al. [21]. However, grit is distinct from mere perseverance; it functions as an intrinsic motivator that facilitates the continuous application of self-regulation strategies [22]. This trait aids in the consistent management of emotions and behaviors during the self-regulation process, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of an athlete’s self-regulatory efforts. In fact, a meta-analysis by Credé, Tynan, and Harms [23] synthesized various studies on grit and found a strong correlation between grit and self-control or self-regulation. For instance, the steadfast attitude of not giving up even in the face of challenges shares similar mechanisms with self-regulation, contributing to consistency in goal-directed behavior. Credé et al. [23] further explained that in sports—where repetitive and structured training is essential—athletes with higher levels of grit tend to employ more systematic and effective self-regulation strategies. This close relationship between grit and self-regulation has also been reported in studies involving Thai national athletes [24]. In summary, the motivational trait of grit, which reflects an athlete’s relentless pursuit of long-term goals, is essential for effective self-regulation. In turn, self-regulation not only contributes to thorough competition preparation but also enhances confidence during performance. These interrelationships among the variables are supported by empirical evidence from previous research [15][18][23]. However, earlier studies have tended to focus on the individual relationships between these variables rather than analyzing the mechanisms or structural interrelationships among them. Therefore, there is a need for research that examines how these four variables interact—including both direct and indirect effects—and the processes underlying these interactions. Moreover, it is worth exploring whether the theoretical structure comprising grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence differs according to athletes' background variables. Such research could provide highly meaningful insights for both coaches and athletes in the sports field. A representative example is that, intuitively, we can infer that the relationships among these four variables may vary depending on an athlete’s ability and performance level [25]. Indeed, numerous studies have reported that elite athletes—both international and domestic—exhibit higher levels of grit, self-regulation, competition preparation or management skills, and confidence compared to non-elite athletes [10][26][27][28]. Furthermore, experience in national competitions is considered a key variable in gauging athletes’ performance. National competitions are extremely important for athletes, especially for youth student-athletes, as the experience of winning medals can significantly influence their psychological, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics. Research indicates that athletes with medal-winning experience have higher levels of self-management as well as superior physical and mental preparation compared to those without such experience [29]. Notably, the study by Bae et al. [10] showed that competition preparation factors are positively correlated with self-management and sports confidence factors, and that these competition preparation factors differ according to whether athletes have medaled in national competitions. Consequently, comprehensive research that considers not only the structural relationships among grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence but also the athletes’ performance levels are required. The Present Study In the literature on highly competitive sports, evidence has suggested that athletes’ grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence are closely interrelated. However, an integrated approach encompassing these variables has been lacking, and previous research has not adequately considered individual athlete characteristics. To advance the field and provide useful insights for practitioners, this study aims to (a) analyze the structural relationships among athletes’ grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence, and (b) examine how these relationships vary according to athletes’ performance levels (i.e., the experience of medaling in national competitions). It is expected that the findings will clarify which variables should be strategically considered to enhance athletes’ confidence and identify the aspects in which elite athletes differ. Figure 1 presents the hypotheses (H) and research model. H1: The relationship between grit and self-regulation will differ depending on performance level. H2: The relationship between self-regulation and competitive preparation will differ depending on performance level. H3: The relationship between self-regulation and sports confidence will differ depending on performance level. H4: The relationship between competitive preparation and sports confidence will differ depending on performance level. [Figure 1 near here] Methods Participants The participants in this study were 270 Korean student-athletes (aged 16–18) registered with the Korea Olympic Committee. Among them, 209 (77.4%) were male and 61 (22.6%) were female. The average age of the participants was 16.78 years ( SD = .76). Their athletic experience ranged from a minimum of 1 year to a maximum of 11 years, with a mean of 6.07 years ( SD = 2.27). In terms of sports, taekwondo was the most represented discipline with 69 athletes (25.6%), followed by soccer with 41 athletes (15.2%), judo with 30 athletes (11.1%), track and field with 29 athletes (10.7%), baseball with 26 athletes (9.6%), gymnastics and swimming with 23 athletes each (8.5%), badminton with 15 athletes (5.6%), and table tennis with 14 athletes (5.2%). For multi-group analysis, the participants were divided into two groups: 112 athletes (41.5%) with experience of winning a prize at national competitions (at least placed in the top 3) and 158 athletes (58.5%) without such experience. National competition winning records were determined based on the year in which the data were collected. In this study, athletes with experience in winning a prize at national competitions were classified as the high-performance group , while those without such experience were defined as the low-performance group . Measures Grit The sport grit scale, developed specifically for Korean athletes [30], was utilized in this study. This scale not only addresses the limitations of existing grit measures [23] but also reflects cultural characteristics by incorporating the unique attributes of Korean athletes into its item development. Sports grit is broadly divided into two dimensions: sports perseverance and sports passion, each comprising three sub-factors. Specifically, the sports perseverance dimension consists of effort and practice (4 items), pursuit of growth and development (4 items), and resilience (5 items), while the sports passion dimension includes goal setting (4 items), focus on task (4 items), and motivation (5 items). Thus, the scale comprises a total of 26 items across six factors, with responses provided on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all to 5 = very much so). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) yielded a model fit of χ²/ df = 2.717 (χ² = 771.550, df = 284), CFI = .897, TLI = .882, and RMSEA = .080 (90% CI = .074, .087), with all factor loadings being statistically significant. Subsequent reliability analysis using Cronbach’s alpha produced coefficients of .833 for effort and practice, .830 for pursuit of growth and development, .890 for resilience, .852 for goal setting, .771 for focus on task, and .845 for motivation. Self-regulation The Korean version of the Self-Regulation of Learning Self-Report Scale (SRL-SRS), originally developed by Toering et al. [31], was employed in this study [32]. This scale measures the extent to which athletes efficiently control and regulate themselves during competition, with higher scores indicating superior self-regulatory abilities. It consists of six sub-factors: planning (5 items), self-monitoring (5 items), evaluation (5 items), reflection (5 items), effort (5 items), and self-efficacy (4 items), totalling 29 items. All items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1: not at all, 5: very much so). CFA demonstrated a model fit of χ²/ df = 2.164 (χ² = 783.437, df = 362), CFI = .932, TLI = .924, and RMSEA = .066 (90% CI = .059, .072), with all factor loadings being statistically significant. Subsequent reliability analysis using Cronbach’s alpha yielded coefficients of .869 for planning, .871 for self-monitoring, .900 for evaluation, .888 for reflection, .919 for effort, and .908 for self-efficacy. Competition preparation Competition preparation was measured using the Multidimensional Assessment of Preparation for Sport Competition (MAPSC) [10], which was developed specifically for Korean athletes. This instrument assesses the readiness of athletes in five dimensions—physical, psychological, emotional, environmental, and informational—in the lead-up to competitions. Specifically, it consists of 25 items across five factors: physical preparation (5 items), psychological preparation (5 items), emotional preparation (5 items), environmental preparation (5 items), and informational preparation (5 items). Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all to 5 = very much so). CFA yielded a model fit of χ²/ df = 2.252 (χ² = 596.742, df = 265), CFI = .899, TLI = .886, and RMSEA = .068 (90% CI = .061, .076), with all factor loadings being statistically significant. Subsequent reliability analysis using Cronbach’s alpha produced coefficients of .797 for psychological preparation, .824 for physical preparation, .791 for emotional preparation, .889 for environmental preparation, and .811 for informational preparation. Sport confidence Sports confidence was measured using the Korean version [33] of the instrument originally developed by Vealey et al. [34]. This measure has been widely employed in various studies over an extended period, and its validity and reliability as an instrument for assessing athletes’ confidence have been well established. The Korean version comprises four factors: ability (4 items), coach’s leadership (4 items), physical/mental preparation (4 items), and social support (4 items), totalling 16 items. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all to 5 = very much so). CFA yielded a model fit of χ²/ df = 2.561 (χ² = 250.940, df = 98), CFI = .946, TLI = .934, and RMSEA = .076 (90% CI = .065, .088), with all factor loadings being statistically significant. Subsequent reliability analysis using Cronbach’s alpha resulted in coefficients of .875 for ability, .885 for coach’s leadership, .870 for physical/mental preparation, and .762 for social support. Procedure This study was conducted with the approval of the university’s Institutional Review Board (WS-2025-04). A non-probability sampling method was used to recruit participants, who were student-athletes belonging to high school sports teams. After initial consultations with each high school, the research team directly contacted team staff (e.g., head coaches or assistant coaches) to seek cooperation for data collection. For teams that agreed to participate, official documents and consent forms were individually sent to the athletes' legal guardians (e.g., parents) to obtain parental consent. Once parental consent was secured, athletes were sent a link via mobile devices containing an informed consent form and the survey questionnaire. In accordance with research ethics, participants were informed about the anonymity of the survey, the right to access data, the intended use of the collected data, and the voluntary nature of participation. Athletes completed the online questionnaire through the provided link, and the submitted responses were automatically recorded. The researchers then downloaded the recorded data in bulk for analysis. Analysis The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0, both provided by IBM. The research followed a sequential analytical process. First, the mean and standard deviation were calculated to examine the basic trends in the data. Normality was assessed by checking skewness and kurtosis values, where normality was assumed if the absolute value of skewness was ≤ 2 and kurtosis was ≤ 7 [35]. Next, bivariate correlation coefficients were calculated to explore the relationships among the sub-factors of the study variables, using Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient ( r ). Multicollinearity issues were examined by ensuring that the correlation coefficient did not exceed the threshold ( r < .80). The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Model fit indices included chi-square (χ²) and degrees of freedom ( df ) (χ²/ df ), the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). The model was considered a \"good fit\" if χ²/ df was less than 3, CFI and TLI were greater than .90, and RMSEA was less than .08 [35]. Indirect effects were tested using bootstrapping with 2,000 resamples and a 95% confidence interval. To verify individual indirect effect paths within the structural model, the phantom model technique was applied. This method introduces hypothetical latent variables to test the difference or combination of indirect effects without directly connecting them to observed variables, reflecting theoretically existing effects within the model [36]. Finally, a multi-group analysis was conducted to examine whether differences existed in the research model based on athletes' national competition experience. Sequential analyses were performed for configural invariance, metric invariance, and structural invariance models. Model comparisons and selections followed the same fit indices as the structural model (χ²/ df , CFI, TLI, RMSEA). However, since the chi-square test is sensitive to sample size, strict adherence to its results was avoided [37]. The Wald test was used to check the statistical significance of group differences in indirect effects [38]. Results Descriptive statistics and correlation Table 1 presents the descriptive statistics and results of the bivariate correlation analysis for the study variables. As shown in the table, the means of the variables ranged from 3.703 to 4.323, and the standard deviations ranged from .588 to .786. The kurtosis values ranged from -.729 to -.162, and the skewness values ranged from -.995 to .347. These results indicate that the data meet the assumption of normal distribution. Regarding correlations, all variables were found to have significant correlations at the 𝑝 < .01 level. Specifically, all sub-factors of grit showed positive correlations with self-management, sports confidence, and competition preparation factors. Similarly, all sub-factors of self-management showed positive correlations with sports confidence and competition preparation factors, while sports confidence factors also exhibited positive correlations with competition preparation factors. These results suggest that grit, self-management, sports confidence, and competition preparation are positively related to each other. Meanwhile, among the sub-factors of grit, the correlation between task focus and motivation was relatively high at r = .805. However, since this value does not indicate an extreme level of multicollinearity, it was deemed acceptable [35]. [Table 1 near here] Structural equation model A SEM analysis was conducted for the entire sample without distinguishing between groups. The results indicated that the model fit indices were as follows: χ²/ df = 2.871 (χ² = 531.215, df = 185), CFI = .931, TLI = .922, and RMSEA = .083 (90% CI = .075, .092). Considering the overall fit indices, the research model demonstrated a \"good fit\" [35]. Table 2 presents the results of the structural model verification for the relationships among latent variables. The analysis showed that athletes' grit had a positive effect on self-regulation (β = .935, 𝑝 < .001). Additionally, self-regulation had a significant positive effect on competition preparation (β = .832, 𝑝 < .001) and sports confidence (β = .251, 𝑝 < .05). Furthermore, competition preparation was significantly related to sports confidence (β = .603, 𝑝 < .001). Moreover, grit indirectly influenced competition preparation (B = .607, 𝑝 < .01) and sports confidence (B = .430, 𝑝 < .001) through the mediating effect of self-regulation. [Table 2 near here] Multi-group analysis Testing model invariance To examine whether the previously analyzed research model differed according to athletes' national competition award experience, a multi-group analysis was conducted. The results are presented in Table 3. First, the model fit indices for the configural invariance model were χ² = 770.553, df = 370 (χ²/ df = 2.083), CFI = .923, TLI = .911, and RMSEA = .064 (90% CI = .057, .070), indicating an acceptable fit, thus establishing configural invariance. Next, for the metric invariance model, which imposes constraints on the factor loadings of the latent variables, the results showed Δχ² = 23.556 and Δ df = 17, which were not statistically significant ( p > .05). Therefore, full metric invariance was confirmed. Subsequently, a structural invariance model was tested to determine whether the model paths differed between groups based on national competition award experience. The fit indices (CFI, TLI, RMSEA) did not deteriorate compared to the metric invariance model, and the results showed Δχ² = 46.998 and Δ df = 21, which were statistically significant. Therefore, structural invariance was established. To further explore which specific paths showed significant group differences, a partial structural invariance model was tested by constraining each path individually. The results revealed that two paths were statistically significant: self-regulation → competition preparation and competition preparation → confidence. This indicates that the effects of self-regulation on competition preparation and competition preparation on confidence varied depending on athletes' performance levels. [Table 3 near here] Testing hypothesis The path estimates for the partial structural invariance model are presented in Table 5 and Figure 2. As shown in the table, the path coefficients differed in some aspects between the high-performance and low-performance groups. First, the effect of grit on self-regulation was statistically significant in both the high-performance group (β = .966, 𝑝 < .001) and the low-performance group (β = .908, 𝑝 < .001), with no significant difference between the groups. Second, the effect of self-regulation on competition preparation was significant for both the high-performance group (β = .910, 𝑝 < .05) and the low-performance group (β = .777, 𝑝 < .001), with a statistically significant difference between the groups. Third, the effect of self-regulation on sports confidence was not significant in the high-performance group (β = .102, 𝑝 > .05), but it was significant in the low-performance group (β = .505, 𝑝 < .001), although the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Fourth, the effect of competition preparation on sports confidence was significant for both the high-performance group (β = .840, 𝑝 < .001) and the low-performance group (β = .417, 𝑝 < .001), with a significant difference between the groups. To test group differences in indirect effects, bootstrapping was applied to the metric invariance model without path constraints. The analysis of three indirect pathways showed the following results: Grit → Self-regulation → Competition preparation was statistically significant for both the high-performance group (B = .757, 𝑝 < .01, [.640, .874]) and the low-performance group (B = .512, 𝑝 < .01, [.390, .633]). Grit → Self-regulation → Sports confidence was significant only in the low-performance group (B = .381, 𝑝 < .01, [-.760, .500]), while the indirect effect was not significant in the high-performance group (B = .084, 𝑝 > .05, [.182, .569]). Grit → Self-regulation → Competition preparation → Sports confidence was significant for both the high-performance group (B = .730, 𝑝 < .01, [.361, 1.634]) and the low-performance group (B = .234, 𝑝 < .01, [.097, .433]). The Wald test results indicated a significant group difference in the Grit → Self-regulation → Competition preparation path (Wald’s Z = 8.06, 𝑝 < .01). This suggests that the indirect effect of grit on competition preparation through self-regulation was stronger in the high-performance group than in the low-performance group. [Table 4 near here] [Figure 2 near here] Discussion This study analyzed how the structural relationships among athletes' grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence differ depending on their performance level (i.e., high-performance vs. low-performance). First, the model fit analysis for the entire sample, regardless of performance level, confirmed that the structural model was appropriate (χ 2 / df = 2.871, CFI = .931, TLI = .922, RMSEA = .083 [90% CI = .075, .092]). The results showed that grit positively predicted self-regulation, self-regulation predicted both competition preparation and sports confidence, and self-regulation influenced the formation of sports confidence. Furthermore, grit indirectly influenced competition preparation and sports confidence through self-regulation. These findings support Vealey's [ 11 ] concept of “preparation-based confidence” and Bandura's self-efficacy theory [ 6 ], which suggest that athletes' confidence is shaped by their physical and psychological readiness. This study highlights that competition preparation boosts sports confidence and aligns with previous research showing that athletes' efforts to control themselves promote competition preparation [ 15 ] and that such self-regulation stems from long-term goal-oriented motivation [ 23 ]. Based on these findings, we can understand the role and mechanisms of grit, self-regulation, and competition preparation in the formation of athletes' sports confidence. Grit involves a strong intrinsic motivation to achieve future goals, and the stronger this motivation, the more likely athletes are to continuously develop their abilities and take action [ 39 ]. This increased motivation triggers systematic self-regulation strategies and behaviors, positively impacting pre-competition preparation. Zimmerman’s self-regulated learning model [ 40 ] explains that goal setting, self-observation, self-evaluation, and feedback acceptance are key to learning and performance, suggesting that athletes prepare for future performances and competitions by setting goals, practicing self-monitoring, and evaluating themselves. In this way, athletes' intrinsic motivation (i.e., grit) and self-regulation skills lead to systematic planning and execution, ultimately enhancing performance-related confidence. Such psychological mechanisms can help coaching staff and trainers develop tailored training and psychological support programs to strengthen athletes' motivation. Managing psychological resources systematically during pre-competition preparation can also help athletes effectively mitigate negative factors like anxiety and stress, ensuring stable performance during actual competitions [ 11 ]. Beyond the overall structural relationships, this study sought to understand whether these relationships differ by performance level. The multigroup analysis revealed significant differences in some relationships across high- and low-performance athletes, supporting previous research findings [ 10 ][ 26 ][ 27 ][ 28 ]. More importantly, this study extends prior research by revealing structural differences in the relationships among the four variables based on performance level. The multigroup analysis provided two critical insights: (1) differences in the paths themselves and (2) differences in path effect sizes between performance groups. First, the analysis showed that some relationships among the variables differed depending on performance level. For high-performance athletes, self-regulation did not directly predict sports confidence; instead, it influenced confidence only through competition preparation (i.e., complete mediation). In contrast, for low-performance athletes, self-regulation directly predicted sports confidence and indirectly influenced it through competition preparation (i.e., partial mediation). Interpreting this difference, it appears that self-regulation is essential for low-performance athletes to enhance their confidence, while high-performance athletes may not rely on self-regulation as a direct predictor of confidence. Instead, self-regulation enhances their competition preparation, which in turn boosts confidence. This discrepancy may stem from differences in past experiences between the two groups. According to Bandura’s self-efficacy theory [ 6 ], high-performance athletes, having accumulated more successful experiences, may already possess high baseline confidence, reducing the direct impact of self-regulation on confidence. Conversely, low-performance athletes, with fewer successful experiences, may rely more on self-regulation to build confidence [ 41 ]. Thus, coaches may need to adopt different strategies based on athletes' performance levels: for high-performance athletes, refining pre-competition preparation processes (e.g., periodization principles) may be more critical, whereas for low-performance athletes, enhancing self-regulation skills (e.g., self-monitoring) may be a key focus. The second major finding from the multigroup analysis was that the magnitude of certain path effects differed by performance level. Specifically, the direct and indirect effects of self-regulation → competition preparation, competition preparation → sports confidence, and grit → self-regulation → competition preparation were statistically stronger for high-performance athletes than for low-performance athletes. This suggests that higher-performing athletes are more effective at using long-term goal motivation to enhance self-regulation and prepare for upcoming competitions. Moreover, their self-regulation skills more strongly influence competition preparation, which plays a larger role in boosting sports confidence. This interpretation aligns with the earlier finding that competition preparation is a critical differentiating factor between the two groups. Notably, given that self-regulation has a greater impact on competition preparation and that competition preparation more strongly influences sports confidence in high-performance athletes, the key distinguishing factor appears to be the multidimensional aspect of competition preparation. This preparation extends beyond simple skill practice or physiological readiness to encompass psychological and emotional preparation, which are essential for fostering self-efficacy [ 10 ][ 42 ]. Such thorough preparation helps athletes respond flexibly to unexpected situations during competitions and instills a sense of assurance that they have done everything possible to succeed [ 6 ]. Ultimately, this heightened sports confidence drives superior performance. Therefore, considering the characteristics of high-performance athletes, coaches working with lower-performing athletes should guide them to develop self-regulation skills that enable effective competition preparation, thereby fostering confidence and improving performance outcomes. Future direction This study provided a comprehensive understanding of grit, self-regulation, competitive preparation, and sports confidence based on athletes' performance levels. Although meaningful findings were derived, there are still limitations that future research should address. For instance, this study was conducted with Korean athletes, so future research should include athletes from other countries to account for cultural differences. While the competitive aspect of sports may not show significant cultural variation, the process of preparing for competition and athletes' motivational factors may differ. Additionally, this study classified athletes into high- and low-performance groups based on their experience of winning or not winning national competitions. Future research could include athletes with national team experience or those who have competed in international events. Although some participants in this study (14 athletes) had experience winning international competitions, they were included in the high-performance group due to sample size limitations for statistical analysis. Furthermore, future research should explore additional variables that can distinguish athletes' performance levels. For sports like shooting, archery, swimming, or golf, performance records could serve as objective criteria to classify high- and low-performance groups. Conclusion This study contributed to expanding existing theories and previous research by analyzing how the structural relationships among grit, self-regulation, competitive preparation, and sports confidence vary depending on athletes' performance levels. The model demonstrated a good fit for the overall group, showing that grit positively influenced self-regulation, and self-regulation directly and indirectly predicted competitive preparation and sports confidence. Furthermore, the multi-group analysis revealed significant differences in pathways and effect sizes between high- and low-performance athletes. These findings not only highlight the critical role of long-term goal motivation, self-regulation abilities, and competitive preparation in shaping sports confidence but also emphasize that these dynamics differ according to performance levels. Therefore, coaches should understand athletes' performance levels and apply appropriate strategies accordingly. For high-performance athletes, refining the competitive preparation process through self-regulation (e.g., competition readiness based on periodization principles) may be beneficial. In contrast, for low-performance athletes, strategies aimed at improving self-regulation (e.g., self-monitoring) can be more effective. Declarations Authorship Clarification All authors whose names appear on the submission (1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work; (2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content; (3) approved the version to be published; and (4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Authorship Contribution Statement The authors confirm the following contribution to the paper. Shen, Seo, and Bang contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Sim and Bae. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Shen, Yang, and Seo commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Funding The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. Institutional Review Board Statement This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Woosuk University (IRB No. WS-2025-04) in the Republic of Korea. Informed Consent Statement All participants gave their informed consent for inclusion before they participated in the study. Data Availability Statement The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy issues. Conflicts of Interest Each author signed a form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No authors reported any financial or other conflicts of interest in relation to the work described References Vealey, R. S. Future Directions in Psychological Skills Training. Sport Psychol. 2 , 318–347; https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2.4.318 (1988). Thomas, O., Lane, A., & Kingston, K. Defining and contextualizing robust sport-confidence. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 23 , 189–208; https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2011.559519 (2011). Levy, A. R., Nicholls, A. R., & Polman, R. C. J. Pre-competitive confidence, coping, and subjective performance in sport. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 21 , 721–729; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01075.x (2011). Sarkar, M., & Fletcher, D. Psychological resilience in sport performers: a review of stressors and protective factors. J. Sports Sci. 32 , 1419–1434; https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.901551 (2014). Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. Foundations of sport and exercise psychology . (Human Kinetics, 2011). Bandura, A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. (Freeman, 1997). Bertollo, M., Saltarelli, B., & Robazza, C. Mental preparation strategies of elite modern pentathletes. Psychol. Sport Exerc . 10 , 244–254; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.09.003 (2009). Bonk, D., & Tamminen, K. A. Athletes’ perspectives of preparation strategies in open-skill sports. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 34 , 825–845; https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2021.1875517 (2022). Eccles, D. W., Ward, P., & Woodman, T. Competition-specific preparation and expert performance. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 10 , 96–107; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.01.006 (2009). Bae, J., Sim, Y., Seo, E., Seo, G., & Nam, Y. Multidimensional assessment of preparation for sport competition (MAPSC): Psychometric properties and initial validation among Korean student-athletes in combat sport. Meas. Phys. Educ. Exerc. Sci . 28 , 360–376; https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2024.2365213 (2024). Vealey, R. S. A periodization approach to building confidence in athletes. J. Sport Psychol. Action. 10 , 26–37; https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2018.1496213 (2019). Burke, L. Preparation for competition. (McGraw-Hill Education, 2015). Issurin, V. B. Benefits and limitations of block periodized training approaches to athletes’ preparation: a review. Sports Med. 46 , 329–338; https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0425-5 (2016). Robson-Ansley, P. J., Gleeson, M., & Ansley, L. Fatigue management in the preparation of Olympic athletes. J. Sports Sci. 27 , 1409–1420; https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802702186 (2009). Morris, C. E., Otte, F. W., Rothwell, M., & Davids, K. ‘Embracing turbulent waters’: Enhancing athlete self-regulation using the ‘PoST’ framework for performance preparation at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. Asian J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2 , 8–17; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsep.2022.03.001 (2022). Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. Self-regulated learning and performance: An introduction and an overview in Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (ed. Zimmerman, B. J. & Schunk, D. H.) 15–26 (Routledge, 2011). Trotter, M. G., Coulter, T. J., Davis, P. A., Poulus, D. R., & Polman, R. Social support, self-regulation, and psychological skill use in e-athletes. Front. Psychol. 12 , 722030; https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.722030 (2021). Oguntuase, S. B., & Sun, Y. Effects of mindfulness training on resilience, self-confidence and emotion regulation of elite football players: The mediating role of locus of control. Asian J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2 , 198–205; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsep.2022.08.003 (2022). Prapavessis, H., Grove, J. R., McNair, P. J., & Cable, N. T. Self-regulation training, state anxiety, and sport performance: A psychophysiological case study. Sport Psychol. 6 , 213–229; https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.6.3.213 (1992). van Rens, F. E., Burgin, M., & Morris-Binelli, K. Implementing a pressure inurement training program to optimize cognitive appraisal, emotion regulation, and sport self-confidence in a women’s state cricket team. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 33 , 402–419; https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2019.1706664 (2021). Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 92 , 1087–1101; https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087 (2007). Muenks, K., Wigfield, A., Yang, J. S., & O'Neal, C. R. How true is grit? Assessing its relations to high school and college students’ personality characteristics, self-regulation, engagement, and achievement. J. Educ. Psychol. 109 , 599-620; https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000153 (2017). Credé, M., Tynan, M. C., & Harms, P. D. Much ado about grit: A meta-analytic synthesis of the grit literature. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 113 , 492–511; https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000102 (2017). Jarukasemthawee, S., Pisitsungkagarn, K., O’Brien, W., Manley, H., & Pattanamontri, C. Relationships between mindfulness, self-compassion, and grit among Thai national athletes: the mediating role of self-regulation. Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 1–21; https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2021.2010230 (2021). Lorenz, D. S., Reiman, M. P., Lehecka, B. J., & Naylor, A. What performance characteristics determine elite versus nonelite athletes in the same sport?. Sports Health . 5 , 542–547; https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738113479763 (2013). From, L., Thomsen, D. K., & Olesen, M. H. Elite athletes are higher on Grit than a comparison sample of non-athletes. Scand. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2 , 2–7; https://doi.org/10.7146/sjsep.v2i0.115111 (2020). Mitić, P., Nedeljković, J., Bojanić, Ž., Franceško, M., Milovanović, I., Bianco, A., & Drid, P. Differences in the psychological profiles of elite and non-elite athletes. Front. Psychol. 12 , 635651; https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635651 (2021). Toering, T. T., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Jordet, G., & Visscher, C. Self-regulation and performance level of elite and non-elite youth soccer players. J. Sports Sci. 27 , 1509-1517; https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903369919 (2009). Han, T. J. The relationship among amateur wrestlers' achievement goal orientation, self-management and sport self-confidence. Korean J. Sport Psychol. 19 , 35-52; (2008). Lee, S. J., & Chung, J. H. The Development and Validation of Sports Grit. Korean J. Sport Psychol. 34 , 97-114; https://doi.org/10.14385/KSSP.34.3.97 (2023). Toering, T., Elferink-Gemser, M., Jordet, G., Jorna, C., Pepping, G. J., & Visscher, C. Self-regulation of practice behavior among elite youth soccer players: An exploratory observation study. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 23 , 110-128; https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2010.534544 (2011). Kim, H. J. Relationship between athlete's julsil, self-regulation, and flow of adolescent athletes. Unpublished master thesis, Seoul National University; (2016). Kim, W. B. Verification on the Validity of Sources of Sport-Confidence Questionnaire. Korean J. Sport Psychol. 10 , 107-122; (1999). Vealey, R. S., Garner-Holman, M., Hayashi, S. W., & Giacobbi, P. Sources of sport-confidence: Conceptualization and instrument development . J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 20 , 54-80; https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.20.1.54 (1998). Kline, R. B. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. (Guilford publications, 2023). Macho, S., & Ledermann, T. Estimating, testing, and comparing specific effects in structural equation models: the phantom model approach. Psychol. Methods 16 , 34-43; https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021763 (2011). Bearden, W. O., Sharma, S., & Teel, J. E. Sample size effects on chi square and other statistics used in evaluating causal models. J. Mark. Res. 19 , 425-430; https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378201900406 (1982). Ryu, E., & Cheong, J. Comparing indirect effects in different groups in single-group and multi-group structural equation models . Front. Psychol. 8 , 747; https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00747 (2017). Cormier, D. L., Ferguson, L. J., Gyurcsik, N. C., Briere, J. L., Dunn, J. G., & Kowalski, K. C. Grit in sport: A scoping review. Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 17 , 1-38; https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2021.1877499 (2024). Zimmerman, B. J. Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview. Theory Pract. 41 , 64–70; https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2 (2002). Otte, F. W., Davids, K., Millar, S. K., & Klatt, S. When and how to provide feedback and instructions to athletes?—How sport psychology and pedagogy insights can improve coaching interventions to enhance self-regulation in training. Front. Psychol. 11 , 1444; https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01444 (2020). Beauchamp, M. R., Bray, S. R., & Albinson, J. G. Pre-competition imagery, self-efficacy and performance in collegiate golfers. J. Sports Sci. 20 , 697-705; https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102320219400 (2002). Tables Table 1. Mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and bivariate correlation coefficients of observed variables Latent Grit (.941) Self-regulation (.948) Competition preparation (.812) Sport confidence (.898) Observed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1. EP (.838) 2. PGD .743 ** (.818) 3. RES .689 ** .714 ** (.891) 4. GS .731 ** .665 ** .784 ** (.853) 5. FT .693 ** .657 ** .724 ** .779 ** (.780 6. MTV .724 ** .709 ** .748 ** .732 ** .805 ** (.850) 7. PLN .704 ** .629 ** .674 ** .756 ** .699 ** .768 ** (.870) 8. MON .626 ** .612 ** .682 ** .683 ** .647 ** .674 ** .764 ** (.875) 9. EVL .652 ** .624 ** .721 ** .771 ** .678 ** .719 ** .784 ** .786 ** (.900) 10. RFL .640 ** .665 ** .658 ** .693 ** .694 ** .742 ** .796 ** .780 ** .785 ** (.889) 11. EFT .700 ** .679 ** .683 ** .630 ** .631 ** .671 ** .728 ** .690 ** .701 ** .761 ** (.919) 12. EFC .655 ** .660 ** .745 ** .717 ** .694 ** .742 ** .734 ** .708 ** .782 ** .764 ** .757 ** (.909) 13. PYC .581 ** .539 ** .538 ** .638 ** .623 ** .621 ** .580 ** .532 ** .559 ** .580 ** .546 ** .519 ** (.812) 14. PHY .389 ** .317 ** .394 ** .453 ** .432 ** .431 ** .416 ** .332 ** .360 ** .391 ** .311 ** .402 ** .536 ** (.826) 15. EMO .478 ** .475 ** .514 ** .550 ** .609 ** .547 ** .529 ** .504 ** .507 ** .528 ** .416 ** .520 ** .546 ** .457 ** (.824) 16. ENV .569 ** .563 ** .563 ** .514 ** .607 ** .598 ** .577 ** .499 ** .516 ** .600 ** .537 ** .555 ** .529 ** .293 ** .592 ** (.897) 17. INF .375 ** .374 ** .318 ** .431 ** .439 ** .416 ** .447 ** .330 ** .455 ** .375 ** .297 ** .386 ** .412 ** .326 ** .534 ** .456 ** (.813) 18. AB .586 ** .537 ** .496 ** .517 ** .513 ** .569 ** .548 ** .508 ** .519 ** .547 ** .557 ** .497 ** .531 ** .303 ** .465 ** .564 ** .271 ** (.879) 19. COA .504 ** .521 ** .471 ** .462 ** .531 ** .564 ** .485 ** .461 ** .460 ** .549 ** .492 ** .446 ** .444 ** .193 ** .512 ** .635 ** .380 ** .657 ** (.886) 20. PRE .533 ** .491 ** .467 ** .481 ** .480 ** .553 ** .573 ** .532 ** .491 ** .583 ** .532 ** .463 ** .493 ** .246 ** .459 ** .599 ** .324 ** .686 ** .691 ** (.870) 21. SUPP .610 ** .539 ** .523 ** .557 ** .554 ** .617 ** .634 ** .550 ** .565 ** .613 ** .563 ** .541 ** .510 ** .349 ** .471 ** .650 ** .383 ** .682 ** .686 ** .720 ** (.803) M 4.262 4.222 4.112 4.074 4.116 4.136 4.106 4.073 4.036 4.194 4.278 4.086 4.073 3.703 3.911 4.287 3.790 4.259 4.210 4.323 4.274 SD .614 .646 .768 .726 .660 .676 .660 .664 .698 .622 .652 .749 .640 .786 .690 .601 .768 .678 .695 .659 .588 Skewness -.431 -.443 -.586 -.335 -.288 -.429 -.304 -.162 -.183 -.326 -.601 -.343 -.289 -.241 -.389 -.469 -.171 -.718 -.511 -.729 -.721 Kurtosis -.741 -.555 -.185 -.839 -.844 -.619 -.820 -.995 -.857 -.833 -.549 -.920 -.405 -.095 .347 -.729 -.491 .137 -.684 -.109 -.125 ** p <.01 Note. The parentheses on the diagonal represent composite reliability (CR). Table 2. Estimates of direct and indirect paths of hypothesized model Direct paths Estimate (B) Std. Estimate (β) S.E. t Grit → Self-regulation .913 .935 .048 18.899 *** Self-regulation → Preparation .664 .832 .051 12.943 *** Self-regulation → Confidence .235 .251 .096 2.452 * Preparation → Confidence .708 .603 .134 5.291 *** Indirect paths Estimate (B) S.E. 90%CI Lower Upper Grit → Self-regulation → Preparation .607 ** .051 .505 .707 Grit → Self-regulation → Confidence .215 .113 -.038 .421 Grit → Self-regulation → Preparation → Confidence .430 *** .100 .267 .679 * 𝑝<.05, ** 𝑝<.01, *** 𝑝<.001 Table 3. Model fit indices and model comparison Models χ² df Δχ² Δ df p CFI TLI RMSEA (90%CI) Configural invariance model 770.553 370 .923 .912 .064 (.057, .070) Metric invariance model 794.109 387 23.556 17 .132 .921 .915 .063 (.056, .069) Structural invariance model 817.551 391 46.998 21 .008 .917 .911 .064 (.058, .070) Grit → Self-regulation 794.424 388 .315 1 .574 .921 .915 .063 (.056, .069) Self-regulation → Preparation 810.136 388 16.027 1 .000 .918 .912 .064 (.058, .070) Self-regulation → Confidence 796.405 388 2.296 1 .130 .921 .914 .063 (.056, .069) Preparation → Confidence 798.281 388 4.172 1 .041 .921 .914 .063 (.056, .069) Table 4. Estimates of direct and indirect paths of high and low performance group Direct paths Groups Estimate (B) Std. Estimate (β) S.E. t Grit → Self-regulation High .887 .966 .058 15.318 *** Low .922 .908 .074 12.494 *** Self-regulation → Preparation High .830 .910 .079 10.522 *** Low .579 .777 .067 8.632 *** Self-regulation → Confidence High .100 .102 .185 .538 Low .439 .505 .094 4.654 *** Preparation → Confidence High .898 .840 .227 3.952 *** Low .486 .417 .136 3.571 *** Indirect paths Groups Estimate (B) S.E. 90%CI Wald’s Z Lower Upper Grit → Self-regulation → Preparation High .757 ** .060 .640 .874 8.06 ** Low .512 ** .062 .390 .633 Grit → Self-regulation → Confidence High .084 .376 -.760 .500 .58 Low .381 ** .098 .182 .569 Grit → Self-regulation → Preparation → Confidence High .730 ** .375 .361 1.634 1.67 Low .234 ** .084 .097 .433 * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001 Note. Italics indicate the differences in estimates between groups are statistically significant. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Aug, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 14 Jul, 2025 Reviews received at journal 12 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Jul, 2025 Reviews received at journal 11 Jun, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Jun, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 27 May, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 22 May, 2025 Editor invited by journal 22 May, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 07 May, 2025 First submitted to journal 07 May, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-6583381\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":463264628,\"identity\":\"89eb2733-65c7-48d8-98f4-454c20d39b23\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Yong-Quan Shen\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Yancheng Polytechnic College of China Yancheng\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Yong-Quan\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Shen\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":463264629,\"identity\":\"c7b79ce7-c03b-4719-90a1-5b49fd6ae757\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Young-Kyun Sim\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Woosuk University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Young-Kyun\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Sim\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":463264630,\"identity\":\"ed8ba12b-e26f-4faf-bbee-48ee636fffe2\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Junsu Bae\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Gyeongkuk National University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Junsu\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Bae\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":463264631,\"identity\":\"f6dc0124-5ba4-41af-8650-c95aca868dcf\",\"order_by\":3,\"name\":\"In-Ju Bang\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA20lEQVRIie3PMQrCMBTG8VeETKXzk0q8witCq4tnSRHsYsEDOLQIdRHnloJnCQh18QCOujh3clHUKjgo0ujmkN/2IH/4AqBpf6kR70piHJ831j1+YMbUScdW56cksc2S++nXideOIzTJDbJ8dkCY9KGZy/qklxgRIQ3DvLVxEYoB2JaoT6gwIkFUhEscMQQmgZuKYfdECroGHINq2OW7JI4kMWGjcNFIJNiqpJf40+o3zMnSUafrLwZmc65IvMZqfTqfWRu3wX5bHvscN6phL5cAUM16TzRN07RPbmD4OngCO10lAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Korea National Sport University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"In-Ju\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Bang\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":463264632,\"identity\":\"3921ecaf-4ad3-4cdb-a00f-5fa7f4f090db\",\"order_by\":4,\"name\":\"Jae-Pil Seo\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Gimcheon University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Jae-Pil\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Seo\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2025-05-03 09:53:27\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6583381/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6583381/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[{\"content\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16448-w\",\"type\":\"published\",\"date\":\"2025-08-24T16:29:48+00:00\"}],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":83648429,\"identity\":\"2cebee37-0c15-4577-8be0-ea87d67e55f7\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-05-30 06:21:48\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"Figure 1\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":71761,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eHypothesized research model (H refers hypothesis)\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"1.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6583381/v1/5045b976d6104705adf2e4ff.png\"},{\"id\":83648430,\"identity\":\"861c4fc9-b9f1-47b4-a875-93f3e4eda3e4\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-05-30 06:21:48\",\"extension\":\"png\",\"order_by\":2,\"title\":\"Figure 2\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":182450,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eModel comparison by performance level (\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026lt;.01, \\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026lt;.001)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNote. \\u003c/em\\u003eDash line represents non-significant estimate; Bold line indicates a significant difference in the estimate between the high- and low-performance groups; P refers phantom variable for testing indirect effects.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"2.png\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6583381/v1/bacce0d0e364bad0a369b008.png\"},{\"id\":89847490,\"identity\":\"90efc0ac-ea14-426e-8199-d99e0d34a503\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-08-25 16:43:36\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":1337015,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6583381/v1/911b3a1a-6c64-45d3-89eb-acacc5e79f64.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"How the relationship among athletes' grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence varies across performance levels?: A multi-group analysis\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"Introduction\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eIn competitive sports, athletic performance is influenced by a myriad of variables. However, at its core, an athlete\\u0026rsquo;s performance is closely linked to their trust in their own abilities and skills\\u0026mdash;a concept we commonly refer to as confidence. Vealey [1] described sports confidence as a multidimensional construct that directly relates to an athlete\\u0026rsquo;s psychological preparation and performance, emphasizing its positive impact on competitive outcomes. In sports, confidence goes beyond mere positive thinking; it provides the mental resilience necessary to effectively manage pressure and stress during competition [2]. This confidence becomes the driving force that enables athletes to maintain focus in challenging situations and to actively embrace adversity. Indeed, numerous studies have shown that high levels of sports confidence contribute to enhanced performance, rapid recovery and adjustment following failure, and reduced anxiety [3][4][5]. Thus, sports confidence is regarded as an essential psychological asset for both successful performance and the long-term development of athletes.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eRecognizing the importance of confidence in athletic performance, sports psychologists have explored strategies and factors that bolster pre-competition confidence. Many theories and studies [6] suggest that the level of confidence an athlete experiences can vary depending on how systematically and effectively they prepare for competitive situations. For instance, many athletes are known to follow personalized pre-competition routines [7][8]. Moreover, athletes engage in a multifaceted preparation process that encompasses both physical and emotional elements\\u0026mdash;a process researchers refer to as competition preparation [9]. Bae et al. [10] defined competition preparation as a multidimensional construct comprising five aspects. According to them, competition preparation comprehensively involves the management, assessment, and readiness of physical factors (e.g., nutritional management), psychological aspects (e.g., positive self-talk), emotional regulation (e.g., emotion management), environmental influences (e.g., peer relationships), and informational elements (e.g., performance strategy review) to achieve optimal performance in forthcoming competitive situations. Through such preparation, athletes develop strategies to respond flexibly and promptly to various circumstances encountered during competition (e.g., physical condition on the day of competition), which in turn enhances their belief and confidence in their performance.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eVealey [11] introduced the concept of preparatory confidence, aligned with periodized training, to explain how the process of competition preparation influences performance. Preparatory confidence refers to the belief athletes hold in their ability to succeed during the planning and preparation phases of training [6]. This belief is fostered by concrete mental training for competition, the planning of various strategies, and the attainment of a physically prepared state. At this stage, athletes focus on learning and habituating responses, plans, and routines tailored to specific competitive situations. This process enhances their generative capabilities [6], facilitating the integration of previously acquired skills into specific behavioral patterns that can be executed smoothly during competition. According to Bandura\\u0026rsquo;s self-efficacy theory [6], repeated experiences of success and systematic preparation activities promote positive expectations, naturally leading to increased confidence. Therefore, competition preparation serves as a primary source that enables athletes to maintain a positive psychological state and exhibit high levels of confidence during performance.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eResearchers have also investigated the factors that facilitate competition preparation, which is closely associated with both performance and confidence [12][13][14]. Notably, behaviors in the process of competition preparation extend beyond repetitive training and depend significantly on an individual\\u0026rsquo;s internal control abilities. Thus, self-regulation is recognized as a key variable in predicting competition preparation [15]. Self-regulation refers to the series of processes by which an athlete plans, executes, and evaluates their emotions, thoughts, and actions in pursuit of their goals. The self-regulated learning model [16] categorizes these processes into planning, execution, and reflection phases. Effective self-regulation aids athletes in systematically carrying out preparation activities and remaining adaptable during competition. Moreover, athletes with strong self-regulatory skills can promptly adjust their strategies when faced with failure or challenges, thereby maintaining optimal performance [17]. Thus, the behaviors involved in competition preparation are predicted by athletes\\u0026rsquo; self-regulatory capabilities, which in turn contribute to qualitative improvements in their preparation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eEmpirical evidence further supports the association between athletes\\u0026rsquo; self-regulation and both competition preparation and confidence. For example, Morri et al. [15] explored the self-regulation and competition preparation processes through case studies involving a coach and three athletes competing in Canoe Slalom at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. They applied the Periodization of Skill Training (PoST) framework as a strategy for Olympic preparation and concluded that promoting self-regulation is crucial for enabling athletes to adapt to dynamic and competitive environments. Furthermore, research by Bae et al. [10], which proposed a multidimensional concept of competition preparation, reported significant correlations between competition preparation factors and athletes\\u0026rsquo; self-management and sports confidence, indicating that self-regulation is indeed linked to both competition preparation and confidence. Additionally, several studies highlight that self-regulation-related variables in sports (e.g., emotion regulation, cognitive regulation) play a crucial role in enhancing confidence [18][19][20]. Therefore, an athlete\\u0026rsquo;s self-regulatory capacity appears to be a critical prerequisite for both effective competition preparation and the manifestation of confidence.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eMeanwhile, recent studies have noted that an athlete\\u0026rsquo;s self-regulatory abilities can be predicted by motivational traits such as grit, which reflect the persistent effort and sustained focus required to achieve long-term goals. Grit is defined as the psychological trait that drives an athlete to invest persistent effort and passion in achieving desired future outcomes\\u0026mdash;a concept introduced by Duckworth et al. [21]. However, grit is distinct from mere perseverance; it functions as an intrinsic motivator that facilitates the continuous application of self-regulation strategies [22]. This trait aids in the consistent management of emotions and behaviors during the self-regulation process, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of an athlete\\u0026rsquo;s self-regulatory efforts. In fact, a meta-analysis by Cred\\u0026eacute;, Tynan, and Harms [23] synthesized various studies on grit and found a strong correlation between grit and self-control or self-regulation. For instance, the steadfast attitude of not giving up even in the face of challenges shares similar mechanisms with self-regulation, contributing to consistency in goal-directed behavior. Cred\\u0026eacute; et al. [23] further explained that in sports\\u0026mdash;where repetitive and structured training is essential\\u0026mdash;athletes with higher levels of grit tend to employ more systematic and effective self-regulation strategies. This close relationship between grit and self-regulation has also been reported in studies involving Thai national athletes [24].\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIn summary, the motivational trait of grit, which reflects an athlete\\u0026rsquo;s relentless pursuit of long-term goals, is essential for effective self-regulation. In turn, self-regulation not only contributes to thorough competition preparation but also enhances confidence during performance. These interrelationships among the variables are supported by empirical evidence from previous research [15][18][23]. However, earlier studies have tended to focus on the individual relationships between these variables rather than analyzing the mechanisms or structural interrelationships among them. Therefore, there is a need for research that examines how these four variables interact\\u0026mdash;including both direct and indirect effects\\u0026mdash;and the processes underlying these interactions. Moreover, it is worth exploring whether the theoretical structure comprising grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence differs according to athletes\\u0026apos; background variables. Such research could provide highly meaningful insights for both coaches and athletes in the sports field.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eA representative example is that, intuitively, we can infer that the relationships among these four variables may vary depending on an athlete\\u0026rsquo;s ability and performance level [25]. Indeed, numerous studies have reported that elite athletes\\u0026mdash;both international and domestic\\u0026mdash;exhibit higher levels of grit, self-regulation, competition preparation or management skills, and confidence compared to non-elite athletes [10][26][27][28]. Furthermore, experience in national competitions is considered a key variable in gauging athletes\\u0026rsquo; performance. National competitions are extremely important for athletes, especially for youth student-athletes, as the experience of winning medals can significantly influence their psychological, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics. Research indicates that athletes with medal-winning experience have higher levels of self-management as well as superior physical and mental preparation compared to those without such experience [29]. Notably, the study by Bae et al. [10] showed that competition preparation factors are positively correlated with self-management and sports confidence factors, and that these competition preparation factors differ according to whether athletes have medaled in national competitions. Consequently, comprehensive research that considers not only the structural relationships among grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence but also the athletes\\u0026rsquo; performance levels are required.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eThe Present Study\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIn the literature on highly competitive sports, evidence has suggested that athletes\\u0026rsquo; grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence are closely interrelated. However, an integrated approach encompassing these variables has been lacking, and previous research has not adequately considered individual athlete characteristics. To advance the field and provide useful insights for practitioners, this study aims to (a) analyze the structural relationships among athletes\\u0026rsquo; grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence, and (b) examine how these relationships vary according to athletes\\u0026rsquo; performance levels (i.e., the experience of medaling in national competitions). It is expected that the findings will clarify which variables should be strategically considered to enhance athletes\\u0026rsquo; confidence and identify the aspects in which elite athletes differ.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eFigure 1 presents the hypotheses (H) and research model. H1: The relationship between grit and self-regulation will differ depending on performance level. H2: The relationship between self-regulation and competitive preparation will differ depending on performance level. H3: The relationship between self-regulation and sports confidence will differ depending on performance level. H4: The relationship between competitive preparation and sports confidence will differ depending on performance level.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e[Figure 1 near here]\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Methods\",\"content\":\"\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eParticipants\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe participants in this study were 270 Korean student-athletes (aged 16\\u0026ndash;18) registered with the Korea Olympic Committee. Among them, 209 (77.4%) were male and 61 (22.6%) were female. The average age of the participants was 16.78 years (\\u003cem\\u003eSD\\u003c/em\\u003e = .76). Their athletic experience ranged from a minimum of 1 year to a maximum of 11 years, with a mean of 6.07 years (\\u003cem\\u003eSD\\u003c/em\\u003e = 2.27). In terms of sports, taekwondo was the most represented discipline with 69 athletes (25.6%), followed by soccer with 41 athletes (15.2%), judo with 30 athletes (11.1%), track and field with 29 athletes (10.7%), baseball with 26 athletes (9.6%), gymnastics and swimming with 23 athletes each (8.5%), badminton with 15 athletes (5.6%), and table tennis with 14 athletes (5.2%). For multi-group analysis, the participants were divided into two groups: 112 athletes (41.5%) with experience of winning a prize at national competitions (at least placed in the top 3) and 158 athletes (58.5%) without such experience. National competition winning records were determined based on the year in which the data were collected. In this study, athletes with experience in winning a prize at national competitions were classified as the \\u003cem\\u003ehigh-performance group\\u003c/em\\u003e, while those without such experience were defined as the \\u003cem\\u003elow-performance group\\u003c/em\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eMeasures\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eGrit\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe sport grit scale, developed specifically for Korean athletes [30], was utilized in this study. This scale not only addresses the limitations of existing grit measures [23] but also reflects cultural characteristics by incorporating the unique attributes of Korean athletes into its item development. Sports grit is broadly divided into two dimensions: sports perseverance and sports passion, each comprising three sub-factors. Specifically, the sports perseverance dimension consists of effort and practice (4 items), pursuit of growth and development (4 items), and resilience (5 items), while the sports passion dimension includes goal setting (4 items), focus on task (4 items), and motivation (5 items). Thus, the scale comprises a total of 26 items across six factors, with responses provided on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all to 5 = very much so). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) yielded a model fit of \\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;/\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 2.717 (\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2; = 771.550, \\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 284), CFI = .897, TLI = .882, and RMSEA = .080 (90% CI = .074, .087), with all factor loadings being statistically significant. Subsequent reliability analysis using Cronbach\\u0026rsquo;s alpha produced coefficients of .833 for effort and practice, .830 for pursuit of growth and development, .890 for resilience, .852 for goal setting, .771 for focus on task, and .845 for motivation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eSelf-regulation\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe Korean version of the Self-Regulation of Learning Self-Report Scale (SRL-SRS), originally developed by Toering et al. [31], was employed in this study [32]. This scale measures the extent to which athletes efficiently control and regulate themselves during competition, with higher scores indicating superior self-regulatory abilities. It consists of six sub-factors: planning (5 items), self-monitoring (5 items), evaluation (5 items), reflection (5 items), effort (5 items), and self-efficacy (4 items), totalling 29 items. All items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1: not at all, 5: very much so). CFA demonstrated a model fit of \\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;/\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 2.164 (\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2; = 783.437, \\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 362), CFI = .932, TLI = .924, and RMSEA = .066 (90% CI = .059, .072), with all factor loadings being statistically significant. Subsequent reliability analysis using Cronbach\\u0026rsquo;s alpha yielded coefficients of .869 for planning, .871 for self-monitoring, .900 for evaluation, .888 for reflection, .919 for effort, and .908 for self-efficacy.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCompetition preparation\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eCompetition preparation was measured using the Multidimensional Assessment of Preparation for Sport Competition (MAPSC) [10], which was developed specifically for Korean athletes. This instrument assesses the readiness of athletes in five dimensions\\u0026mdash;physical, psychological, emotional, environmental, and informational\\u0026mdash;in the lead-up to competitions. Specifically, it consists of 25 items across five factors: physical preparation (5 items), psychological preparation (5 items), emotional preparation (5 items), environmental preparation (5 items), and informational preparation (5 items). Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all to 5 = very much so). CFA yielded a model fit of \\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;/\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 2.252 (\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2; = 596.742, \\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 265), CFI = .899, TLI = .886, and RMSEA = .068 (90% CI = .061, .076), with all factor loadings being statistically significant. Subsequent reliability analysis using Cronbach\\u0026rsquo;s alpha produced coefficients of .797 for psychological preparation, .824 for physical preparation, .791 for emotional preparation, .889 for environmental preparation, and .811 for informational preparation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eSport confidence\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eSports confidence was measured using the Korean version [33] of the instrument originally developed by Vealey et al. [34]. This measure has been widely employed in various studies over an extended period, and its validity and reliability as an instrument for assessing athletes\\u0026rsquo; confidence have been well established. The Korean version comprises four factors: ability (4 items), coach\\u0026rsquo;s leadership (4 items), physical/mental preparation (4 items), and social support (4 items), totalling 16 items. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all to 5 = very much so). CFA yielded a model fit of \\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;/\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 2.561 (\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2; = 250.940, \\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 98), CFI = .946, TLI = .934, and RMSEA = .076 (90% CI = .065, .088), with all factor loadings being statistically significant. Subsequent reliability analysis using Cronbach\\u0026rsquo;s alpha resulted in coefficients of .875 for ability, .885 for coach\\u0026rsquo;s leadership, .870 for physical/mental preparation, and .762 for social support.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eProcedure\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis study was conducted with the approval of the university\\u0026rsquo;s Institutional Review Board (WS-2025-04). A non-probability sampling method was used to recruit participants, who were student-athletes belonging to high school sports teams. After initial consultations with each high school, the research team directly contacted team staff (e.g., head coaches or assistant coaches) to seek cooperation for data collection. For teams that agreed to participate, official documents and consent forms were individually sent to the athletes\\u0026apos; legal guardians (e.g., parents) to obtain parental consent. Once parental consent was secured, athletes were sent a link via mobile devices containing an informed consent form and the survey questionnaire. In accordance with research ethics, participants were informed about the anonymity of the survey, the right to access data, the intended use of the collected data, and the voluntary nature of participation. Athletes completed the online questionnaire through the provided link, and the submitted responses were automatically recorded. The researchers then downloaded the recorded data in bulk for analysis.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAnalysis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0, both provided by IBM. The research followed a sequential analytical process. First, the mean and standard deviation were calculated to examine the basic trends in the data. Normality was assessed by checking skewness and kurtosis values, where normality was assumed if the absolute value of skewness was \\u0026le; 2 and kurtosis was \\u0026le; 7 [35]. Next, bivariate correlation coefficients were calculated to explore the relationships among the sub-factors of the study variables, using Pearson\\u0026rsquo;s product-moment correlation coefficient (\\u003cem\\u003er\\u003c/em\\u003e). Multicollinearity issues were examined by ensuring that the correlation coefficient did not exceed the threshold (\\u003cem\\u003er\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u0026lt; .80).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Model fit indices included chi-square (\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;) and degrees of freedom (\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e) (\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;/\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e), the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). The model was considered a \\u0026quot;good fit\\u0026quot; if \\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;/\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e was less than 3, CFI and TLI were greater than .90, and RMSEA was less than .08 [35]. Indirect effects were tested using bootstrapping with 2,000 resamples and a 95% confidence interval. To verify individual indirect effect paths within the structural model, the phantom model technique was applied. This method introduces hypothetical latent variables to test the difference or combination of indirect effects without directly connecting them to observed variables, reflecting theoretically existing effects within the model [36].\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eFinally, a multi-group analysis was conducted to examine whether differences existed in the research model based on athletes\\u0026apos; national competition experience. Sequential analyses were performed for configural invariance, metric invariance, and structural invariance models. Model comparisons and selections followed the same fit indices as the structural model (\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;/\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e, CFI, TLI, RMSEA). However, since the chi-square test is sensitive to sample size, strict adherence to its results was avoided [37]. The Wald test was used to check the statistical significance of group differences in indirect effects [38].\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Results\",\"content\":\"\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eDescriptive statistics and correlation\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTable 1 presents the descriptive statistics and results of the bivariate correlation analysis for the study variables. As shown in the table, the means of the variables ranged from 3.703 to 4.323, and the standard deviations ranged from .588 to .786. The kurtosis values ranged from -.729 to -.162, and the skewness values ranged from -.995 to .347. These results indicate that the data meet the assumption of normal distribution. Regarding correlations, all variables were found to have significant correlations at the\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .01 level. Specifically, all sub-factors of grit showed positive correlations with self-management, sports confidence, and competition preparation factors. Similarly, all sub-factors of self-management showed positive correlations with sports confidence and competition preparation factors, while sports confidence factors also exhibited positive correlations with competition preparation factors. These results suggest that grit, self-management, sports confidence, and competition preparation are positively related to each other. Meanwhile, among the sub-factors of grit, the correlation between task focus and motivation was relatively high at \\u003cem\\u003er\\u003c/em\\u003e = .805. However, since this value does not indicate an extreme level of multicollinearity, it was deemed acceptable [35].\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e[Table 1 near here]\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eStructural equation model\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eA SEM analysis was conducted for the entire sample without distinguishing between groups. The results indicated that the model fit indices were as follows: \\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;/\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 2.871 (\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2; = 531.215, \\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 185), CFI = .931, TLI = .922, and RMSEA = .083 (90% CI = .075, .092). Considering the overall fit indices, the research model demonstrated a \\u0026quot;good fit\\u0026quot; [35]. Table 2 presents the results of the structural model verification for the relationships among latent variables. The analysis showed that athletes\\u0026apos; grit had a positive effect on self-regulation (\\u0026beta; = .935,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .001). Additionally, self-regulation had a significant positive effect on competition preparation (\\u0026beta; = .832,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .001) and sports confidence (\\u0026beta; = .251,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .05). Furthermore, competition preparation was significantly related to sports confidence (\\u0026beta; = .603,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .001). Moreover, grit indirectly influenced competition preparation (B = .607,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .01) and sports confidence (B = .430,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .001) through the mediating effect of self-regulation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e[Table 2 near here]\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eMulti-group analysis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eTesting model invariance\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTo examine whether the previously analyzed research model differed according to athletes\\u0026apos; national competition award experience, a multi-group analysis was conducted. The results are presented in Table 3. First, the model fit indices for the configural invariance model were \\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2; = 770.553, \\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 370 (\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;/\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 2.083), CFI = .923, TLI = .911, and RMSEA = .064 (90% CI = .057, .070), indicating an acceptable fit, thus establishing configural invariance. Next, for the metric invariance model, which imposes constraints on the factor loadings of the latent variables, the results showed \\u0026Delta;\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2; = 23.556 and \\u0026Delta;\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 17, which were not statistically significant (\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u0026gt; .05). Therefore, full metric invariance was confirmed.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eSubsequently, a structural invariance model was tested to determine whether the model paths differed between groups based on national competition award experience. The fit indices (CFI, TLI, RMSEA) did not deteriorate compared to the metric invariance model, and the results showed \\u0026Delta;\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2; = 46.998 and \\u0026Delta;\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e = 21, which were statistically significant. Therefore, structural invariance was established. To further explore which specific paths showed significant group differences, a partial structural invariance model was tested by constraining each path individually. The results revealed that two paths were statistically significant: self-regulation \\u0026rarr; competition preparation and competition preparation \\u0026rarr; confidence. This indicates that the effects of self-regulation on competition preparation and competition preparation on confidence varied depending on athletes\\u0026apos; performance levels.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e[Table 3 near here]\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch3\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eTesting hypothesis\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/h3\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe path estimates for the partial structural invariance model are presented in Table 5 and Figure 2. As shown in the table, the path coefficients differed in some aspects between the high-performance and low-performance groups. First, the effect of grit on self-regulation was statistically significant in both the high-performance group (\\u0026beta; = .966,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .001) and the low-performance group (\\u0026beta; = .908,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .001), with no significant difference between the groups. Second, the effect of self-regulation on competition preparation was significant for both the high-performance group (\\u0026beta; = .910,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .05) and the low-performance group (\\u0026beta; = .777,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .001), with a statistically significant difference between the groups. Third, the effect of self-regulation on sports confidence was not significant in the high-performance group (\\u0026beta; = .102,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026gt; .05), but it was significant in the low-performance group (\\u0026beta; = .505,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .001), although the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Fourth, the effect of competition preparation on sports confidence was significant for both the high-performance group (\\u0026beta; = .840,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .001) and the low-performance group (\\u0026beta; = .417,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .001), with a significant difference between the groups.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTo test group differences in indirect effects, bootstrapping was applied to the metric invariance model without path constraints. The analysis of three indirect pathways showed the following results: Grit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation \\u0026rarr; Competition preparation was statistically significant for both the high-performance group (B = .757,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .01, [.640, .874]) and the low-performance group (B = .512,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .01, [.390, .633]). Grit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation \\u0026rarr; Sports confidence was significant only in the low-performance group (B = .381,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .01, [-.760, .500]), while the indirect effect was not significant in the high-performance group (B = .084,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026gt; .05, [.182, .569]). Grit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation \\u0026rarr; Competition preparation \\u0026rarr; Sports confidence was significant for both the high-performance group (B = .730,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .01, [.361, 1.634]) and the low-performance group (B = .234,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .01, [.097, .433]). The Wald test results indicated a significant group difference in the Grit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation \\u0026rarr; Competition preparation path (Wald\\u0026rsquo;s Z = 8.06,\\u0026nbsp;𝑝\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026lt; .01). This suggests that the indirect effect of grit on competition preparation through self-regulation was stronger in the high-performance group than in the low-performance group.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e[Table 4 near here]\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e[Figure 2 near here]\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Discussion\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThis study analyzed how the structural relationships among athletes' grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence differ depending on their performance level (i.e., high-performance vs. low-performance). First, the model fit analysis for the entire sample, regardless of performance level, confirmed that the structural model was appropriate (χ\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e/\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;2.871, CFI\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;.931, TLI\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;.922, RMSEA\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;.083 [90% CI\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;.075, .092]). The results showed that grit positively predicted self-regulation, self-regulation predicted both competition preparation and sports confidence, and self-regulation influenced the formation of sports confidence. Furthermore, grit indirectly influenced competition preparation and sports confidence through self-regulation. These findings support Vealey's [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR11\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e11\\u003c/span\\u003e] concept of \\u0026ldquo;preparation-based confidence\\u0026rdquo; and Bandura's self-efficacy theory [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR6\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e6\\u003c/span\\u003e], which suggest that athletes' confidence is shaped by their physical and psychological readiness. This study highlights that competition preparation boosts sports confidence and aligns with previous research showing that athletes' efforts to control themselves promote competition preparation [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR15\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e15\\u003c/span\\u003e] and that such self-regulation stems from long-term goal-oriented motivation [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR23\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e23\\u003c/span\\u003e].\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eBased on these findings, we can understand the role and mechanisms of grit, self-regulation, and competition preparation in the formation of athletes' sports confidence. Grit involves a strong intrinsic motivation to achieve future goals, and the stronger this motivation, the more likely athletes are to continuously develop their abilities and take action [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR39\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e39\\u003c/span\\u003e]. This increased motivation triggers systematic self-regulation strategies and behaviors, positively impacting pre-competition preparation. Zimmerman\\u0026rsquo;s self-regulated learning model [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR40\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e40\\u003c/span\\u003e] explains that goal setting, self-observation, self-evaluation, and feedback acceptance are key to learning and performance, suggesting that athletes prepare for future performances and competitions by setting goals, practicing self-monitoring, and evaluating themselves. In this way, athletes' intrinsic motivation (i.e., grit) and self-regulation skills lead to systematic planning and execution, ultimately enhancing performance-related confidence. Such psychological mechanisms can help coaching staff and trainers develop tailored training and psychological support programs to strengthen athletes' motivation. Managing psychological resources systematically during pre-competition preparation can also help athletes effectively mitigate negative factors like anxiety and stress, ensuring stable performance during actual competitions [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR11\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e11\\u003c/span\\u003e].\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eBeyond the overall structural relationships, this study sought to understand whether these relationships differ by performance level. The multigroup analysis revealed significant differences in some relationships across high- and low-performance athletes, supporting previous research findings [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR10\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e10\\u003c/span\\u003e][\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR26\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e26\\u003c/span\\u003e][\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR27\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e27\\u003c/span\\u003e][\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR28\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e28\\u003c/span\\u003e]. More importantly, this study extends prior research by revealing structural differences in the relationships among the four variables based on performance level. The multigroup analysis provided two critical insights: (1) differences in the paths themselves and (2) differences in path effect sizes between performance groups.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFirst, the analysis showed that some relationships among the variables differed depending on performance level. For high-performance athletes, self-regulation did not directly predict sports confidence; instead, it influenced confidence only through competition preparation (i.e., complete mediation). In contrast, for low-performance athletes, self-regulation directly predicted sports confidence and indirectly influenced it through competition preparation (i.e., partial mediation). Interpreting this difference, it appears that self-regulation is essential for low-performance athletes to enhance their confidence, while high-performance athletes may not rely on self-regulation as a direct predictor of confidence. Instead, self-regulation enhances their competition preparation, which in turn boosts confidence. This discrepancy may stem from differences in past experiences between the two groups. According to Bandura\\u0026rsquo;s self-efficacy theory [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR6\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e6\\u003c/span\\u003e], high-performance athletes, having accumulated more successful experiences, may already possess high baseline confidence, reducing the direct impact of self-regulation on confidence. Conversely, low-performance athletes, with fewer successful experiences, may rely more on self-regulation to build confidence [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR41\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e41\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Thus, coaches may need to adopt different strategies based on athletes' performance levels: for high-performance athletes, refining pre-competition preparation processes (e.g., periodization principles) may be more critical, whereas for low-performance athletes, enhancing self-regulation skills (e.g., self-monitoring) may be a key focus.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe second major finding from the multigroup analysis was that the magnitude of certain path effects differed by performance level. Specifically, the direct and indirect effects of self-regulation \\u0026rarr; competition preparation, competition preparation \\u0026rarr; sports confidence, and grit \\u0026rarr; self-regulation \\u0026rarr; competition preparation were statistically stronger for high-performance athletes than for low-performance athletes. This suggests that higher-performing athletes are more effective at using long-term goal motivation to enhance self-regulation and prepare for upcoming competitions. Moreover, their self-regulation skills more strongly influence competition preparation, which plays a larger role in boosting sports confidence. This interpretation aligns with the earlier finding that competition preparation is a critical differentiating factor between the two groups.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNotably, given that self-regulation has a greater impact on competition preparation and that competition preparation more strongly influences sports confidence in high-performance athletes, the key distinguishing factor appears to be the multidimensional aspect of competition preparation. This preparation extends beyond simple skill practice or physiological readiness to encompass psychological and emotional preparation, which are essential for fostering self-efficacy [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR10\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e10\\u003c/span\\u003e][\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR42\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e42\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Such thorough preparation helps athletes respond flexibly to unexpected situations during competitions and instills a sense of assurance that they have done everything possible to succeed [\\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR6\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e6\\u003c/span\\u003e]. Ultimately, this heightened sports confidence drives superior performance. Therefore, considering the characteristics of high-performance athletes, coaches working with lower-performing athletes should guide them to develop self-regulation skills that enable effective competition preparation, thereby fostering confidence and improving performance outcomes.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec19\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eFuture direction\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThis study provided a comprehensive understanding of grit, self-regulation, competitive preparation, and sports confidence based on athletes' performance levels. Although meaningful findings were derived, there are still limitations that future research should address. For instance, this study was conducted with Korean athletes, so future research should include athletes from other countries to account for cultural differences. While the competitive aspect of sports may not show significant cultural variation, the process of preparing for competition and athletes' motivational factors may differ. Additionally, this study classified athletes into high- and low-performance groups based on their experience of winning or not winning national competitions. Future research could include athletes with national team experience or those who have competed in international events. Although some participants in this study (14 athletes) had experience winning international competitions, they were included in the high-performance group due to sample size limitations for statistical analysis. Furthermore, future research should explore additional variables that can distinguish athletes' performance levels. For sports like shooting, archery, swimming, or golf, performance records could serve as objective criteria to classify high- and low-performance groups.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Conclusion\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThis study contributed to expanding existing theories and previous research by analyzing how the structural relationships among grit, self-regulation, competitive preparation, and sports confidence vary depending on athletes\\u0026apos; performance levels. The model demonstrated a good fit for the overall group, showing that grit positively influenced self-regulation, and self-regulation directly and indirectly predicted competitive preparation and sports confidence. Furthermore, the multi-group analysis revealed significant differences in pathways and effect sizes between high- and low-performance athletes. These findings not only highlight the critical role of long-term goal motivation, self-regulation abilities, and competitive preparation in shaping sports confidence but also emphasize that these dynamics differ according to performance levels. Therefore, coaches should understand athletes\\u0026apos; performance levels and apply appropriate strategies accordingly. For high-performance athletes, refining the competitive preparation process through self-regulation (e.g., competition readiness based on periodization principles) may be beneficial. In contrast, for low-performance athletes, strategies aimed at improving self-regulation (e.g., self-monitoring) can be more effective.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Declarations\",\"content\":\"\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAuthorship Clarification\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAll authors whose names appear on the submission (1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work; (2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content; (3) approved the version to be published; and (4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAuthorship Contribution Statement\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe authors confirm the following contribution to the paper. Shen, Seo, and Bang contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Sim and Bae. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Shen, Yang, and Seo commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eFunding\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eInstitutional Review Board Statement\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Woosuk University (IRB No. WS-2025-04) in the Republic of Korea.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eInformed Consent Statement\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAll participants gave their informed consent for inclusion before they participated in the study.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eData Availability Statement\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy issues.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eConflicts of Interest\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eEach author signed a form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No authors reported any financial or other conflicts of interest in relation to the work described\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003col\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eVealey, R. S. Future Directions in Psychological Skills Training. \\u003cem\\u003eSport Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e2\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 318\\u0026ndash;347; https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2.4.318 (1988).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eThomas, O., Lane, A., \\u0026amp; Kingston, K. Defining and contextualizing robust sport-confidence. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Appl. Sport Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e23\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 189\\u0026ndash;208; https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2011.559519 (2011).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eLevy, A. R., Nicholls, A. R., \\u0026amp; Polman, R. C. J. Pre-competitive confidence, coping, and subjective performance in sport. \\u003cem\\u003eScand. J. Med. Sci. Sports.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e21\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 721\\u0026ndash;729; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01075.x (2011).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eSarkar, M., \\u0026amp; Fletcher, D. Psychological resilience in sport performers: a review of stressors and protective factors. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Sports Sci.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e32\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 1419\\u0026ndash;1434; https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.901551 (2014).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eWeinberg, R. S., \\u0026amp; Gould, D. \\u003cem\\u003eFoundations of sport and exercise psychology\\u003c/em\\u003e. (Human Kinetics, 2011).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eBandura, A. \\u003cem\\u003eSelf-efficacy: The exercise of control.\\u003c/em\\u003e (Freeman, 1997).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eBertollo, M., Saltarelli, B., \\u0026amp; Robazza, C. Mental preparation strategies of elite modern pentathletes. \\u003cem\\u003ePsychol. Sport Exerc\\u003c/em\\u003e. \\u003cstrong\\u003e10\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 244\\u0026ndash;254; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.09.003 (2009).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eBonk, D., \\u0026amp; Tamminen, K. A. Athletes\\u0026rsquo; perspectives of preparation strategies in open-skill sports. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Appl. Sport Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e34\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 825\\u0026ndash;845; https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2021.1875517 (2022).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eEccles, D. W., Ward, P., \\u0026amp; Woodman, T. Competition-specific preparation and expert performance. \\u003cem\\u003ePsychol. Sport Exerc.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e10\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 96\\u0026ndash;107; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.01.006 (2009).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eBae, J., Sim, Y., Seo, E., Seo, G., \\u0026amp; Nam, Y. Multidimensional assessment of preparation for sport competition (MAPSC): Psychometric properties and initial validation among Korean student-athletes in combat sport. \\u003cem\\u003eMeas. Phys. Educ. Exerc. Sci\\u003c/em\\u003e. \\u003cstrong\\u003e28\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 360\\u0026ndash;376; https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2024.2365213 (2024).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eVealey, R. S. A periodization approach to building confidence in athletes. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Sport Psychol. Action.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e10\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 26\\u0026ndash;37; https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2018.1496213 (2019).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eBurke, L. \\u003cem\\u003ePreparation for competition.\\u003c/em\\u003e (McGraw-Hill Education, 2015).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eIssurin, V. B. Benefits and limitations of block periodized training approaches to athletes\\u0026rsquo; preparation: a review. \\u003cem\\u003eSports Med.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e46\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 329\\u0026ndash;338; https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0425-5 (2016).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eRobson-Ansley, P. J., Gleeson, M., \\u0026amp; Ansley, L. Fatigue management in the preparation of Olympic athletes. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Sports Sci.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e27\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 1409\\u0026ndash;1420; https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802702186 (2009).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMorris, C. E., Otte, F. W., Rothwell, M., \\u0026amp; Davids, K. \\u0026lsquo;Embracing turbulent waters\\u0026rsquo;: Enhancing athlete self-regulation using the \\u0026lsquo;PoST\\u0026rsquo; framework for performance preparation at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. \\u003cem\\u003eAsian J. Sport Exerc. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e2\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 8\\u0026ndash;17; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsep.2022.03.001 (2022).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eZimmerman, B. J., \\u0026amp; Schunk, D. H. Self-regulated learning and performance: An introduction and an overview in \\u003cem\\u003eHandbook of self-regulation of learning and performance\\u003c/em\\u003e (ed. Zimmerman, B. J. \\u0026amp; Schunk, D. H.) 15\\u0026ndash;26 (Routledge, 2011).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eTrotter, M. G., Coulter, T. J., Davis, P. A., Poulus, D. R., \\u0026amp; Polman, R. Social support, self-regulation, and psychological skill use in e-athletes. \\u003cem\\u003eFront. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e12\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 722030; https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.722030 (2021).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eOguntuase, S. B., \\u0026amp; Sun, Y. Effects of mindfulness training on resilience, self-confidence and emotion regulation of elite football players: The mediating role of locus of control. \\u003cem\\u003eAsian J. Sport Exerc. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e2\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 198\\u0026ndash;205; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsep.2022.08.003 (2022).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003ePrapavessis, H., Grove, J. R., McNair, P. J., \\u0026amp; Cable, N. T. Self-regulation training, state anxiety, and sport performance: A psychophysiological case study. \\u003cem\\u003eSport Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e6\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 213\\u0026ndash;229; https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.6.3.213 (1992).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003evan Rens, F. E., Burgin, M., \\u0026amp; Morris-Binelli, K. Implementing a pressure inurement training program to optimize cognitive appraisal, emotion regulation, and sport self-confidence in a women\\u0026rsquo;s state cricket team. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Appl. Sport Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e33\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 402\\u0026ndash;419; https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2019.1706664 (2021).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eDuckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., \\u0026amp; Kelly, D. R. Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Pers. Soc. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e92\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 1087\\u0026ndash;1101; https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087 (2007).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMuenks, K., Wigfield, A., Yang, J. S., \\u0026amp; O\\u0026apos;Neal, C. R. How true is grit? Assessing its relations to high school and college students\\u0026rsquo; personality characteristics, self-regulation, engagement, and achievement. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Educ. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e109\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 599-620; https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000153 (2017).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eCred\\u0026eacute;, M., Tynan, M. C., \\u0026amp; Harms, P. D. Much ado about grit: A meta-analytic synthesis of the grit literature. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Pers. Soc. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e113\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 492\\u0026ndash;511; https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000102 (2017).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eJarukasemthawee, S., Pisitsungkagarn, K., O\\u0026rsquo;Brien, W., Manley, H., \\u0026amp; Pattanamontri, C. Relationships between mindfulness, self-compassion, and grit among Thai national athletes: the mediating role of self-regulation. \\u003cem\\u003eInt. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e 1\\u0026ndash;21; https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2021.2010230 (2021).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eLorenz, D. S., Reiman, M. P., Lehecka, B. J., \\u0026amp; Naylor, A. What performance characteristics determine elite versus nonelite athletes in the same sport?. \\u003cem\\u003eSports Health\\u003c/em\\u003e. \\u003cstrong\\u003e5\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 542\\u0026ndash;547; https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738113479763 (2013).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eFrom, L., Thomsen, D. K., \\u0026amp; Olesen, M. H. Elite athletes are higher on Grit than a comparison sample of non-athletes. \\u003cem\\u003eScand. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e2\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 2\\u0026ndash;7; https://doi.org/10.7146/sjsep.v2i0.115111 (2020).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMitić, P., Nedeljković, J., Bojanić, Ž., France\\u0026scaron;ko, M., Milovanović, I., Bianco, A., \\u0026amp; Drid, P. Differences in the psychological profiles of elite and non-elite athletes. \\u003cem\\u003eFront. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e12\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 635651; https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635651 (2021).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eToering, T. T., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Jordet, G., \\u0026amp; Visscher, C. Self-regulation and performance level of elite and non-elite youth soccer players. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Sports Sci.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e27\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 1509-1517; https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903369919 (2009).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eHan, T. J. The relationship among amateur wrestlers\\u0026apos; achievement goal orientation, self-management and sport self-confidence. \\u003cem\\u003eKorean J. Sport Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e19\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 35-52; (2008).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eLee, S. J., \\u0026amp; Chung, J. H. The Development and Validation of Sports Grit. \\u003cem\\u003eKorean J. Sport Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e34\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 97-114; https://doi.org/10.14385/KSSP.34.3.97 (2023).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eToering, T., Elferink-Gemser, M., Jordet, G., Jorna, C., Pepping, G. J., \\u0026amp; Visscher, C. Self-regulation of practice behavior among elite youth soccer players: An exploratory observation study. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Appl. Sport Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e23\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 110-128; https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2010.534544 (2011).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eKim, H. J. \\u003cem\\u003eRelationship between athlete\\u0026apos;s julsil, self-regulation, and flow of adolescent athletes.\\u003c/em\\u003e Unpublished master thesis, Seoul National University; (2016).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eKim, W. B. Verification on the Validity of Sources of Sport-Confidence Questionnaire. \\u003cem\\u003eKorean J. Sport Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e10\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 107-122; (1999).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eVealey, R. S., Garner-Holman, M., Hayashi, S. W., \\u0026amp; Giacobbi, P. Sources of sport-confidence: Conceptualization and instrument development\\u003cem\\u003e. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e20\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 54-80; https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.20.1.54 (1998).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eKline, R. B. \\u003cem\\u003ePrinciples and practice of structural equation modeling.\\u003c/em\\u003e (Guilford publications, 2023).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eMacho, S., \\u0026amp; Ledermann, T. Estimating, testing, and comparing specific effects in structural equation models: the phantom model approach. \\u003cem\\u003ePsychol. Methods\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e16\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 34-43; https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021763 (2011).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eBearden, W. O., Sharma, S., \\u0026amp; Teel, J. E. Sample size effects on chi square and other statistics used in evaluating causal models. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Mark. Res.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e19\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 425-430; https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378201900406 (1982).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eRyu, E., \\u0026amp; Cheong, J. Comparing indirect effects in different groups in single-group and multi-group structural equation models\\u003cem\\u003e. Front. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e8\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 747; https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00747 (2017).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eCormier, D. L., Ferguson, L. J., Gyurcsik, N. C., Briere, J. L., Dunn, J. G., \\u0026amp; Kowalski, K. C. Grit in sport: A scoping review. \\u003cem\\u003eInt. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e17\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 1-38; https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2021.1877499 (2024).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eZimmerman, B. J. Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview. \\u003cem\\u003eTheory Pract.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e41\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 64\\u0026ndash;70; https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2 (2002).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eOtte, F. W., Davids, K., Millar, S. K., \\u0026amp; Klatt, S. When and how to provide feedback and instructions to athletes?\\u0026mdash;How sport psychology and pedagogy insights can improve coaching interventions to enhance self-regulation in training. \\u003cem\\u003eFront. Psychol. \\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e11\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 1444; https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01444 (2020).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003cli\\u003eBeauchamp, M. R., Bray, S. R., \\u0026amp; Albinson, J. G. Pre-competition imagery, self-efficacy and performance in collegiate golfers. \\u003cem\\u003eJ. Sports Sci.\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cstrong\\u003e20\\u003c/strong\\u003e, 697-705; https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102320219400 (2002).\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Tables\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eTable 1. Mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and bivariate correlation coefficients of observed variables\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLatent\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"6\\\" style=\\\"width: 239px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGrit (.941)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"6\\\" style=\\\"width: 239px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSelf-regulation (.948)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\" style=\\\"width: 199px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCompetition preparation (.812)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"4\\\" style=\\\"width: 159px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSport confidence (.898)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eObserved\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e9\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e11\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e14\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e15\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e16\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e17\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e18\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e19\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e21\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1. EP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.838)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2. PGD\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.743\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.818)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3. RES\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.689\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.714\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.891)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4. GS\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.731\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.665\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.784\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.853)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5. FT\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.693\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.657\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.724\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.779\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.780\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6. MTV\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.724\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.709\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.748\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.732\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.805\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.850)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7. PLN\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.704\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.629\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.674\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.756\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.699\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.768\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.870)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8. MON\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.626\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.612\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.682\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.683\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.647\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.674\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.764\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.875)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e9. EVL\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.652\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.624\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.721\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.771\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.678\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.719\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.784\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.786\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.900)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10. RFL\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.640\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.665\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.658\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.693\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.694\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.742\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.796\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.780\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.785\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.889)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e11. EFT\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.700\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.679\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.683\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.630\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.631\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.671\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.728\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.690\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.701\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.761\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.919)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12. EFC\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.655\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.660\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.745\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.717\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.694\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.742\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.734\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.708\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.782\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.764\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.757\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.909)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e13. PYC\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.581\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.539\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.538\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.638\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.623\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.621\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.580\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.532\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.559\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.580\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.546\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.519\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.812)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e14. PHY\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.389\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.317\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.394\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.453\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.432\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.431\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.416\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.332\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.360\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.391\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.311\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.402\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.536\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.826)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e15. EMO\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.478\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.475\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.514\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.550\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.609\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.547\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.529\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.504\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.507\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.528\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.416\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.520\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.546\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.457\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.824)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e16. ENV\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.569\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.563\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.563\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.514\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.607\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.598\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.577\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.499\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.516\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.600\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.537\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.555\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.529\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.293\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.592\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.897)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e17. INF\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.375\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.374\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.318\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.431\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.439\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.416\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.447\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.330\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.455\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.375\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.297\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.386\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.412\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.326\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.534\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.456\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.813)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e18. AB\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.586\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.537\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.496\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.517\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.513\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.569\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.548\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.508\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.519\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.547\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.557\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.497\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.531\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.303\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.465\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.564\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.271\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.879)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e19. COA\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.504\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.521\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.471\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.462\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.531\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.564\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.485\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.461\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.460\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.549\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.492\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.446\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.444\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.193\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.512\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.635\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.380\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.657\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.886)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20. PRE\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.533\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.491\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.467\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.481\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.480\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.553\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.573\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.532\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.491\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.583\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.532\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.463\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.493\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.246\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.459\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.599\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.324\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.686\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.691\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.870)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e21. SUPP\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.610\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.539\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.523\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.557\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.554\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.617\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.634\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.550\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.565\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.613\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.563\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.541\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.510\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.349\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.471\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.650\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.383\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.682\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.686\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.720\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(.803)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eM\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.262\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.222\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.112\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.074\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.116\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.136\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.106\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.073\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.036\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.194\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.278\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.086\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.073\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.703\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.911\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.287\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.790\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.259\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.210\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.323\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.274\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eSD\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.614\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.646\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.768\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.726\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.660\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.676\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.660\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.664\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.698\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.622\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.652\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.749\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.640\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.786\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.690\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.601\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.768\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.678\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.695\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.659\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.588\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSkewness\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.431\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.443\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.586\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.335\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.288\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.429\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.304\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.162\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.183\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.326\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.601\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.343\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.289\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.241\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.389\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.469\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.171\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.718\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.511\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.729\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.721\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eKurtosis\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.741\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.555\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.185\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.839\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.844\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.619\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.820\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.995\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.857\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.833\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.549\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.920\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.405\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.095\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.347\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.729\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.491\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.137\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.684\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.109\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 40px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.125\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"22\\\" style=\\\"width: 913px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026lt;.01\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNote.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/em\\u003eThe parentheses on the diagonal represent composite reliability (CR).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTable 2. Estimates of direct and indirect paths of hypothesized model\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 322px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDirect paths\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEstimate\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(B)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eStd. Estimate\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(\\u0026beta;)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 46px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eS.E.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003et\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 322px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGrit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.913\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.935\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 46px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.048\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e18.899\\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 322px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSelf-regulation \\u0026rarr; Preparation\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.664\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.832\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 46px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.051\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12.943\\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 322px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSelf-regulation \\u0026rarr; Confidence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.235\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.251\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 46px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.096\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.452\\u003csup\\u003e*\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 322px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePreparation \\u0026rarr; Confidence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.708\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.603\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 46px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.134\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5.291\\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 322px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eIndirect paths\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEstimate\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(B)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eS.E.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"3\\\" style=\\\"width: 122px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e90%CI\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLower\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUpper\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 322px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGrit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation \\u0026rarr; Preparation\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.607\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.051\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.505\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.707\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 322px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGrit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation \\u0026rarr; Confidence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.215\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.113\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.038\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.421\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 322px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGrit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation \\u0026rarr; Preparation \\u0026rarr; Confidence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.430\\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.100\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.267\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 61px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.679\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"6\\\" style=\\\"width: 566px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003csup\\u003e*\\u003c/sup\\u003e𝑝\\u0026lt;.05, \\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e𝑝\\u0026lt;.01, \\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e𝑝\\u0026lt;.001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTable 3. Model fit indices and model comparison\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"907\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 274px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModels\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 80px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026Delta;\\u0026chi;\\u0026sup2;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026Delta;\\u003cem\\u003edf\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCFI\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTLI\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRMSEA (90%CI)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 274px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eConfigural invariance model\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e770.553\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e370\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 80px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.923\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.912\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.064 (.057, .070)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 274px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eMetric invariance model\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e794.109\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e387\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 80px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e23.556\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e17\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.132\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.921\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.915\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.063 (.056, .069)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 274px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eStructural invariance model\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e817.551\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e391\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 80px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e46.998\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e21\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.008\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.917\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.911\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.064 (.058, .070)\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 274px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGrit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e794.424\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e388\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 80px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.315\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.574\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.921\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.915\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.063 (.056, .069)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 274px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eSelf-regulation \\u0026rarr; Preparation\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e810.136\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e388\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 80px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e16.027\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e1\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.000\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.918\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.912\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.064 (.058, .070)\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 274px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSelf-regulation \\u0026rarr; Confidence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e796.405\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e388\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 80px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.296\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.130\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.921\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.914\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.063 (.056, .069)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 274px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ePreparation \\u0026rarr; Confidence\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 76px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e798.281\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e388\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 80px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e4.172\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 58px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e1\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.041\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.921\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 69px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.914\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 151px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e.063 (.056, .069)\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTable 4. Estimates of direct and indirect paths of high and low performance group\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 242px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDirect paths\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGroups\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEstimate\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(B)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eStd. Estimate\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(\\u0026beta;)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eS.E.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 66px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003et\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 242px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGrit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigh\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.887\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.966\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.058\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 66px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e15.318\\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.922\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.908\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.074\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 66px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12.494\\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 242px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eSelf-regulation \\u0026rarr; Preparation\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigh\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.830\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.910\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.079\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 66px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10.522\\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.579\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.777\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.067\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 66px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8.632\\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 242px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSelf-regulation \\u0026rarr; Confidence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigh\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.100\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.102\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.185\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 66px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.538\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.439\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.505\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.094\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 66px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.654\\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 242px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ePreparation \\u0026rarr; Confidence\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigh\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.898\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.840\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.227\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 66px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.952\\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.486\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.417\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.136\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 66px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.571\\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 242px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eIndirect paths\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGroups\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEstimate\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(B)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eS.E.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"4\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e90%CI\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 52px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWald\\u0026rsquo;s \\u003cem\\u003eZ\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLower\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUpper\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 242px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eGrit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation \\u0026rarr; Preparation\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigh\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.757\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.060\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.640\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.874\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 52px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8.06\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.512\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.062\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.390\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.633\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 242px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGrit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation \\u0026rarr; Confidence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigh\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.084\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.376\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-.760\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.500\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 52px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.58\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.381\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.098\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.182\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.569\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 242px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eGrit \\u0026rarr; Self-regulation \\u0026rarr; Preparation \\u0026rarr; Confidence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigh\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.730\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.375\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.361\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.634\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 52px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.67\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 62px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eLow\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 65px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.234\\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.084\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 51px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.097\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" style=\\\"width: 47px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e.433\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"9\\\" style=\\\"width: 565px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003csup\\u003e*\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026lt;.05, \\u003csup\\u003e**\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026lt;.01, \\u003csup\\u003e***\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ep\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026lt;.001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNote.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/em\\u003eItalics indicate the differences in estimates between groups are statistically significant.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":false,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":true,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"scientific-reports\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"scirep\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"\",\"title\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Perseverance, long-term goal, self-control, pre-competition, self-efficacy\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6583381/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6583381/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eIn the literature on high-competition sports, some evidence has been suggested regarding the relationships between athletes' grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and confidence. However, there has been a lack of integrated approaches to examine the relationships among these variables, and the individual factors of athletes have not been considered. Therefore, this study (a) analyzed the structural relationships between grit, self-regulation, competitive preparation, and confidence, and (b) investigated how these relationships vary according to athletes' performance levels. Participants were 270 student-athletes (209 males, 61 females) from various sports, all of whom were involved in highly competitive sports in South Korea. Athletes who had won at least one national-level competition were classified into the high-performance group (\\u003cem\\u003en\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;112), while those without such experience were classified into the low-performance group (\\u003cem\\u003en\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;158). Multi-group analysis showed that the structural relationships among grit, self-regulation, competitive preparation, and confidence varied according to the athletes' performance levels. In the high-performance group, self-regulation fully mediated the effect of competition preparation on confidence, whereas in the low-performance group, the mediation was partial. Furthermore, the path estimates for self-regulation, competition preparation, and confidence were found to be greater in the high-performance group. This study highlights that coaches should understand athletes' performance levels and apply appropriate strategies accordingly.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"How the relationship among athletes' grit, self-regulation, competition preparation, and sports confidence varies across performance levels?: A multi-group analysis\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-05-30 06:21:43\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6583381/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0},{\"type\":\"decision\",\"content\":\"Revision requested\",\"date\":\"2025-07-14T08:05:45+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-07-12T17:29:57+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"103393425174896153085387601753498182440\",\"date\":\"2025-07-10T14:51:54+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"177418685796120512247350366965356852440\",\"date\":\"2025-07-09T12:04:56+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-06-11T07:14:13+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"146448705164950816369106738028113792967\",\"date\":\"2025-06-06T09:26:25+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewersInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-05-28T03:15:53+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorAssigned\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-05-23T02:18:55+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-05-22T04:57:58+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"checksComplete\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-05-07T23:55:59+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"submitted\",\"content\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"date\":\"2025-05-07T23:54:50+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"scientific-reports\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"scirep\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"\",\"title\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"bcf2ff5d-4e28-41e6-acdf-e47b464844fa\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"May 30th, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"published-in-journal\",\"subjectAreas\":[{\"id\":49192268,\"name\":\"Biological sciences/Psychology\"},{\"id\":49192269,\"name\":\"Biological sciences/Psychology/Human behaviour\"}],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2025-08-25T16:38:37+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":{\"articleIdentity\":\"rs-6583381\",\"link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16448-w\",\"journal\":{\"identity\":\"scientific-reports\",\"isVorOnly\":false,\"title\":\"Scientific Reports\"},\"publishedOn\":\"2025-08-24 16:29:48\",\"publishedOnDateReadable\":\"August 24th, 2025\"},\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-05-30 06:21:43\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"10.1038/s41598-025-16448-w\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16448-w\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-6583381\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-6583381\",\"identity\":\"rs-6583381\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}